嵌入式\51单片机开发小工具\Atmel_ISP下载软件\User_man

AtmelMicrocontrollerISPSoftwareUser’sManualTableofContents1.OVERVIEW22.SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS33.GETTINGSTARTED43.1.INSTALLATION43.2.SELECTINGADEVICE43.3.BASICDEVICEOPERATIONS73.3.1.CHECKINGTHESTATEOFTHEDEVICE83.3.2.LOADINGABUFFERFROMAFILE83.3.3.PROGRAMMINGTHEDEVICE93.3.4.DEVICESECURITY103.3.5.SETTINGTHEDEVICETOARUNSTATE104.MENUSANDTOOLBARS114.1.FILEMENU114.2.VIEWMENU114.3.BUFFERMENU124.4.INSTRUCTIONSMENU134.5.OPTIONSMENU154.6.WINDOWMENU174.7.HELPMENU174.8.TOOLBAR175.TROUBLESHOOTING1911.OverviewTheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPSoftwareistheprimarymeansforperformingin-systemprogramming(ISP)fortheAtmeldevices.Itprovidesanintuitiveinterfaceforin-systemprogrammingthatcanberunfromyourpersonalcomputer.TheAtmelISPSoftwarehasacomprehensivesetoffeaturesthatallowsyoutoview,program,anderasedatafromanAtmelISPdevice.TheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPSoftwarealsoallowsyoutoloadhexfilescontainingthecodeyouwanttoaddtothedevice.Usingthesoftware,youcanmanipulatethiscode,verifyitagainsttheexistingcodeonthedevice,andprogramthecodeontothedevice.Additionally,usingthesoftware,youcanreadanyexistingcodefromthedeviceandmakeminorchangestothecode.Youcanthenupdatethedevicewithyourchangesorsavethemtoahexfileforusewithotherdevices.Thesoftwarealsoallowsyoutoprotectthirdpartiesfromaccidentallyreprogrammingthedeviceandevenallowsyoutolockthedevicesothatthecodecannotbereadfromit.Atmel’sMicrocontrollerISPSoftwarecontainsavarietyoftoolscustomizedforAtmelISPdevices.FormoreinformationaboutISP,refertotheAtmelDataSheetthatcamewithyourAtmelMicrocontrollerdevice.22.SystemRequirementsAtmel’sMicrocontrollerIn-SystemProgrammingSoftwarewillrunonWindows9x,WindowsNT4.0withServicePack3orlater,orWindows2000operatingsystems.ThesoftwarewillnotrunonWindowsNT3.51oranypriorversion.MinimumHardwareRequirements:•IntelPentium-classprocessor;Pentium166orhigherprocessorrecommended•32MBofRAM(64recommended)•CD-ROMdrive•VGAorhigher-resolutionmonitor;SuperVGArecommended•MicrosoftMouseorcompatiblepointingdevice•AtmelISPCable33.GettingStartedWhetherornotyouarefamiliarwithusingin-systemprogrammingsoftware,youwillfindAtmel’ssoftwareeasytouse.Theinterfaceisintuitiveandeasytolearn.ThissectionwillhelpyouinstallthesoftwarecorrectlyandgiveyouaquickwalkthroughonhowtoprogramanAtmelmicrocontrollerchip.3.1.InstallationToinstallAtmel’sMicrocontrollerISPsoftwareinserttheCDor3¼”floppy(Disk1).IfyouhaveautoplayenabledonyourcomputerandyouareinstallingfromaCDtheinstallationwillstartupautomatically.Otherwise,useWindowsExplorertobrowsetheCDorfloppyandclickonSetup.exe.Theinstallwizardwillthenguideyouthroughtheinstallation.3.2.SelectingaDeviceOncethesoftwarehasbeensuccessfullyinstalledyouarereadytoruntheprogram.YoucanruntheprogrambyselectingPrograms
Atmel
MicrocontrollerISPSoftwarefromthestartmenu.AfterstartingtheprogramyouwillseethewindowdepictedinFigure1.4Figure1-AtmelMicrocontrollerISPSoftwareYouwillnoticethatmostofthetoolbarbuttonsandmenuoptionsaredisabled.Thisisbecauseadevicehasnotbeenselected.Toselectadevice,dothefollowing:1.MakesuretheboardisconnectedtotheLPTportofyourcomputerwiththeAtmelISPcableandthattheboardisturnedon.Note:YoucanselectadevicebeforepoweringontheboardbutyoumustmanuallyselecttheInitializeTargetmenuoptionfromtheOptionsmenubeforeperforminganydeviceinstructions.2.SelecttheLPTportthattheboardisconnectedtobyselectingSelectPortfromtheOptionsmenu(Youcouldalsopresstheselectporttoolbarbutton).3.YoucanthenselectadevicebychoosingSelectDevicefromtheOptionsmenuorbyclickingonthetoolbar.YoushouldseeadialogboxsimilartotheoneinFigure2.5Figure2-DeviceSelectDialog4.Selectthedevicethatyouaretryingtoprogramfromthetreecontrolbyclickingonthedesireddevice.5.Nextselectwhetheryouwanttoreadandwritefromthedeviceinpagemode(read/writeapageatatime)orinbytemode(read/writebytebybyte).Note:Thepagemodeselectionwillbedisabledifthedevicedoesnotsupportpagemode.6.Entertheexternalclockfrequency(MHz)providedtothedeviceinthetextbox.7.SelectOK.Onceyoufinishedselectingadeviceyouwillseeoneortwowindowsappeardependingonwhetherornotthedevicehasinternaldatamemory.Thewindow(s)willlooklikeFigure3.Eachwindowsignifiesabuffer.Therearetwotypesofbuffers,acodebufferandadatabuffer.Thecodebuffercorrespondswiththein-systemprogrammableflashmemoryofthechipandthedatabuffercorrespondswiththechip’sinternaldatamemory.6Figure3-BufferWindow3.3.BasicDeviceOperationsThissectiondiscussesthebasicoperationsthatareroutinelyperformedwhenprogrammingadevice.Thissectiondoesnotexplainallthefullfunctionalityoftheprogram.Forinformationonallthefunctionsoftheprogramseesection4-7MenusandToolbars.3.3.1.CheckingthestateofthedeviceOneofthefirstthingsyoushoulddobeforeattemptingtoprogramadeviceistocheckitsstate.Tocheckadevice’sstateselectBlankCheckfromtheInstructionsmenu.AfterselectingBlankCheck,thesoftwarewillreportoneofthefollowingfourstates:•NotabletoCommunicatewithDeviceTheprogramwillreportthatitwasnotabletocommunicatewiththedeviceifthedeviceisnotpoweredon.•ErasedandProgrammableThismeansthatthechipiscompletelyblankanditisnotlocked.•ProgrammedandProgrammableThismeansthatthechiphasbeenprogrammedanditisnotlocked.•LockedThedeviceislocked(Formoreinformationonadevicebeinglockedseesection3.3.4-Devicesecurity).IfthedeviceislockedandyouwishtoprogramityoumaychooseEraseChipfromtheOptionsmenu.Warning:Byerasingthechipyouwillbedestroyinganypriorprogramonthedeviceaswellasunlockingit.Ifyoudonotwishtolosetheprogramonthechipthenitisnotrecommendedtodoachiperase.3.3.2.LoadingabufferfromafileAfterdeterminingifthedevicecanbeprogrammedornot,itistimetoloadtheprogramthatyouwishtoencodeontothechipintothesoftware.TheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPProgrammingsoftwarecanloadinprogramsthatareintheIntelHexfileformat.Toloadinaprogramfromdisk:1.SelectLoadBufferfromtheFilemenuorclickonthetoolbar.YouwillseeadialogsimilartoFigure4.8Figure4-LoadBufferDialog2.SelecttheHEXfilethatcontainstheprogramyouwishtoencodeontothechipandclickOpen.3.Thebufferswillthenbeupdatedwiththecontentsofthehexfile.3.3.3.ProgrammingtheDeviceOncetheprogramhasbeenloadedintothebuffer(s)themoststraightforwardwaytoprogramthedeviceistoselectAutoProgramfromtheInstructionsmenu(Youcanalsopressonthetoolbar).Autoprogramperformsallofthemostcommontasksdonewhenprogrammingadevice.Autoprogrammingperformsthefollowingcommands:•Erasesthedevice•Writesoutbuffer(s)tothedevice•Verifiesprogrammeddevicewithbuffercontents•Promptsuserforlockbitsettings(ifsupportedbydevice)•Promptsuserforfusebitsettings(ifsupportedbydevice)AfterselectingAutoProgramyoushouldseeaprogressdialogsimilartotheoneshowninFigure5.9Figure5-ProgressDialogIfatanytimeduringautoprogramoneofthestepsfails,theautoprogramfeaturewillreporttheerrorandabort(ForreasonswhytheprogrammingprocessmightfailseeSection5-Troubleshooting).3.3.4.DevicesecurityDuringtheautoprogramprocessyouwillbepromptedforbothlockbitsettingsandfusebitsettingsifthedevicesupportsthem.Lockbitsandfusebitsareawayforthedeveloper(you)toaddsecuritytothecodeyoujustencodedontothedevice.Mostdevicessupportsettingsthatallowyoutodisablewritingtothedevice,disablebothreadingfromandwritingtothedevice,andevendisablewriting,reading,orexternallyexecutingthedevice(Seedevice’sdatasheetonspecificinformationonitssecurityfeatures).Note:Theonlywaytoclearlockbit/fusebitsettingsistoperformachiperase.Itisalsonotpossibletosetthelockbits/fusebitsatalowersecuritylevelthentheyarecurrentlysetat.Youmayonlyincreasethesecuritylevel.3.3.5.SettingtheDevicetoaRunStateAfterprogrammingthechipandsettingallthenecessarysecurityfeaturesyoucanremovethedeviceoutofISPmodebyselectingRunTargetfromtheInstructionsmenu.Thiswillstartthedeviceexecutingthecodeyoujustprogrammedontothechip.Note:OnceyouselectRunTargetyouwillnotbeabletosendanyinstructionstothedevice(mostmenuitemswillbedisabled).InordertointeractwiththedeviceagainyoumustselectInitializeTargetfromtheOptionsmenu.104.MenusandToolbarsThissectiondescribestheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPsoftware’smenusandtoolbars.Itgivesdescriptionsofthevariouscommandsthatcanbeexecutedfromthemenusandtoolbars.4.1.FileMenuTheFileMenuallowstheusertotransferinformationbetweenhexfilesandtheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPBuffer.Executingthesecommandsinnowaymodifiesthecontentsofthedevice.LoadBufferTheLoadBuffercommandpromptstheusertoselectahexfilefromwhichtoloadinformation.Thiscommandtakestheinformationfromthehexfileselectedandplacesitintothecorrectbuffer(s).Theresultingbuffer(s)arethendisplayedonthescreen.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.SaveBufferTheSaveBuffercommandpromptstheusertoselectafilenametowritetheprogram’sbuffers’informationoutto.Thiscommandtakestheinformationfromtheprogram’sbuffers,formatsitintothecorrecthexformat,andplacesitintoafile.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.ExitTheExitcommandshutsdowntheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPSoftware.4.2.ViewMenuTheViewMenuallowstheusertoshoworhidedifferentpartsofthegraphicalinterface.ToolbarTheToolbarcommandeithershowsorhidesthetoolbarportionofthegraphicalinterface.IftheToolbarcommandhasacheckbesideit,thetoolbariscurrentlybeingshownandwilldisappeariftheToolbarcommandisselected.Ifitisunchecked,clickingitwillforcethetoolbartoappear.StatusBarTheStatusBarcommandeithershowsorhidesthestatusbarportionofthegraphicalinterface.IftheStatusBarcommandhasacheckbesideit,thestatusbariscurrentlybeingshownandwilldisappeariftheStatusBarcommandisselected.Ifitisunchecked,clickingitwillforcethestatusbartoappear.114.3.BufferMenuTheBufferMenuallowstheusertoperformvariousoperationsontheAtmelMicrocontrollerISPbuffersdisplayedonthescreen.Throughthismenu,theusercaneditandverifythebuffer.BlankCheck(Buffer)TheBlankCheck(Buffer)commandchecksthroughanybufferscurrentlyinmemoryandteststoseeifthebuffersarecompletelyempty.Thiscommandthenreturnstheresultsforeachbuffertotheuser.EraseBufferTheEraseBuffercommandcompletelyemptiesanybuffercurrentlyinmemory.Thiscommandsetseachspotineverybuffertothecurrentdevice’sblankvalue.Note:TheEraseBuffercommanddoesnoterasetheactualchip’sbuffer.FillBufferTheFillBuffercommandallowstheusertofillanyportionofabufferwithapatternofbytes.WhentheuserclicksonFillBuffer,adialogsimilartotheoneinFigure6isshown.Figure6-FillBufferDialogTheFillBufferdialogwillfillinthebufferthatiscurrentlyselectedinthemainwindow.Theuserfillsinthestartingaddress,endingaddress,andthevaluewithwhichtofillthebuffer.Iftheuserentersaninvalidaddress,thedialogwillresetittoavalidaddress.Iftheuserentersafillvaluethatdoesnothaveanevenamountofhexvalues,itwillappendazerotothebeginningofthehexstring.OncetheuserclickstheOKbutton,thebufferwillbefilledastheuserspecified.CheckSumTheCheckSumcommandsumsupallofthebytesinanybuffercurrentlyintheprogram’smemory.Theresultsforeachbufferaswellastheoveralltotalarethendisplayedonthescreen.124.4.InstructionsMenuTheInstructionsMenuallowstheusertosendcommandstothedevice.Throughthemenu,theusercanconductreads,writes,andotherdevicecommunications.Whennecessary,thedisplaybuffersareupdatedautomatically.BlankCheck(Instructions)TheBlankCheck(Instructions)commandchecksthestatusofthedevicecurrentlyconnected.Afterconductingthetest,oneofthefollowingresultsaredisplayedonthescreen:-Unabletocommunicatewiththedevice.Thisstatusmeansthatthesoftwareisunabletosendcommandstothedevice.Thiscouldbecausedbyadefectivedeviceorbynothavingthepowerturnedon.-ThisdeviceisERASEDandPROGRAMMABLE.Thisstatusmeansthatthedeviceisblankandisreadytobeprogrammed.-ThisdeviceisPROGRAMMEDandPROGRAMMABLE.Thisstatusmeansthatthedevicealreadyhassomedataprogrammedintoit.However,thedeviceisnotlockedandisreadytoreceivemoreinformation.-ThisdeviceisLOCKED.Thisstatusmeansthatthedeviceisinalockedstate.Thismodepreventsanyonefromwritingtothedeviceand,dependinguponthechosenlockstate,couldpreventreadingfromthedeviceaswell.Note:Ifthereisnodeviceconnectedattheendoftheserialcable,alockedstateisreturnedtotheuser.EraseChipTheEraseChipcommanderasesthedevice’sbuffers.Afterperforminganerasechip,thedevice’smemory,bothFLASHanddata,willbeblankandthedevicewillbeinaprogrammablestate.ReadChipTheReadChipcommandreadsinthedevice’smemory.TheresultsfromthereadareloadedintotheAtmelISPsoftware’sbufferanddisplayedonthescreen.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.WriteChipTheWriteChipcommandwritesallmemorylocationsintheAtmelISPSoftware’sbufferouttothedevice’smemory.Aprogressdialogappearstolettheuserknowthatthewriteistakingplaceandtonotifytheuserwhentheoperationfinishes.13Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.LockbitSettingsTheLockbitSettingscommandallowstheusertosetthelockbitprotectionmodeforthecurrentdevice.Adialogbox,similartoFigure7,showingtheprotectionmodessupportedbythecurrentdeviceisdisplayedtotheuser.Afterselectingaprotectionmode,thesoftwaresetsthedevicetothespecifiedmode.Figure7-LockbitManagerDialogNote:Theonlywaytoclearlockbit/fusebitsettingsistoperformachiperase.Itisalsonotpossibletosetthelockbits/fusebitsatalowersecuritylevelthentheyarecurrentlysetat.Youmayonlyincreasethesecuritylevel.FusebitSettingsTheFusebitSettingscommandallowstheusertosetthefusebitprotectionmodeforthecurrentdevice.Adialogbox,similartoFigure7,showingtheprotectionmodessupportedbythecurrentdeviceisdisplayedtheuser.Afterselectingaprotectionmode,thesoftwaresetsthedevicetothespecifiedmode.CheckSignatureTheCheckSignaturecommandreadsthesignaturebytesfromthedevice.Thesebytesarethendisplayedonthescreen.VerifyChipwithBufferTheVerifyChipcommandcomparestheAtmelISPSoftwarebufferwiththedevice’sinternalmemory.Ifthebuffersarefoundtobeexactreplicasofthedevice’smemory,asuccessresultisreturned.Ifthereareanydifferences,afailureresultisreturnedalongwiththetotalnumberofmismatchedbytes.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.AutoProgramTheAutoProgramcommandperformsaseriesofoperationsonthedevice.Thiscommandinitiallyerasesthechip.Followingthechiperase,theAtmelISPSoftwarebufferiswrittenouttothedevice.Afterwritingoutthebuffer,thechipisverifiedtoensurethewriteworkedcorrectly.Finally,theuserispromptedtochoosealockbitmode14settingand/orafusebitmodesettingifthedevicesupportsthesefeatures.AllresultsduringandaftertheAutoProgramcommandaredisplayedinaprogressdialog.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.RunTargetTheRunTargetcommandremovesthedevicefromprogrammingmodeandsetsitintoarunstate.Whenthedeviceisinthisstate,programmingcommandscannotbesenttothedevice.MostofthecommandsintheAtmelISPSoftwarearedisabledduringthisstate.Toreturntoaprogrammingstate,theInitializeTargetcommandmustbeexecuted.4.5.OptionsMenuTheOptionsMenuallowstheusertodefinevarioussettingsforwhichtheAtmelISPSoftwarewillusetocommunicatewiththedevice.SelectPortTheSelectPortcommandsetstheparallelporttowhichthedeviceisconnected.AdialogboxappearsthatallowstheusertochoosebetweenLPT1andLPT2.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.SelectDeviceTheSelectDevicecommandsetsthedevicetypesotheAtmelISPSoftwareknowswhattypeofdevicewithwhichtocommunicate.Adialogbox,similartoFigure8,allowstheusertoseealldevicesthatarecurrentlysupported.Theuserclicksonthedesireddevicetochoosethatdevice.Then,theusermustchooseeitherpagemodeorbytemodeforreadandwritecommandstothechip.Finally,theusermustentertheXTALfrequencyontheirdevice’sboard.Figure8-DeviceSelectDialog15Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.InitializeTargetTheInitializeTargetcommandsetsthedevicetoprogrammingmode.ThisisneededwhenswappingdevicesafteralreadyselectingthedeviceintheAtmelISPSoftware.Additionally,itisneededwhensettingthedeviceoutofrunmode.Thiscommandcanalsobeactivatedbyclickingonthetoolbar.CustomizeDisplayTheCustomizeDisplaycommandconfiguresthecolorsforthebufferwindows.Adialogisdisplayedthatshowsthecurrentcolorconfigurationandbuttonsforupdatingtheindividualcolors(Figure9).Figure9:ColorConfigurationDialogTheuserconfigurestheindividualcolorsbyclickingontheForeground,Background,ortheMismatchbuttons.Onceabuttonhasbeenclickedacolorselectiondialogappears(Figure10).TheusercanthenclickonthedesiredcolorandthenclickOktoupdatethecolor.16Figure10:ColorSelectionDialog4.6.WindowMenuTheWindowMenuallowstheusertochangethelayoutofthebufferwindowsinthedisplay.TileHorizontalTheTileHorizontalcommandarrangesthebufferwindowsinnon-overlappingtilesinacolumnoneaboveoneanother.TileVerticallyTheTileVerticallycommandarrangesthebufferwindowsinnon-overlappingtilesinarowonerightnexttooneanother.4.7.HelpMenuAboutTheAboutcommanddisplaysinformationaboutthecurrentrunningversionoftheAtmelISPSoftware.4.8.ToolbarThetoolbarisdisplayedacrossthetopoftheAtmelISPSoftwarewindow,belowthemenubar.ThetoolbarprovidesquickmouseaccesstomanycommandsintheAtmelISPSoftware.Thetoolbarsupportsthefollowingcommands:17Loadsahexfileintothebuffer.SeetheLoadBuffercommandformoreinformation.Savesthebufferintoahexfile.SeetheSaveBuffercommandformoreinformation.Selectsaporttolookforthedeviceon.SeetheSelectPortcommandformoreinformation.Selectsatypeofdevicetoprogramonto.SeetheSelectDevicecommandformoreinformation.Initializesthetargetdevice.SeetheInitializeTargetcommandformoreinformation.Writesthebufferouttothedevice.SeetheWriteChipcommandformoreinformation.Readsthedevice’sinformationandaddsittothebuffer.SeetheReadChipcommandformoreinformation.Verifiesthatthedevicecontainsthesameinformationshowninthedisplaybuffer.SeetheVerifychipcommandformoreinformation.Programsthechipthroughaseriesofsteps.SeetheProgramChipcommandformoreinformation.Displaysthecodebuffer(ifhidden)andsetsitastheactivewindow.Displaysthedatabuffer(ifhidden)andsetsitastheactivewindow.Ifthereisnodatabuffer,thisbuttondoesnotchangethecurrentactivewindow.185.TroubleshootingThissectiondiscussessomeofthecommonproblemsyoumightencounterwhenusingthesoftwareandwhattodowhenyouencounterthem.TheprogramreportsthatthedeviceislockedevenafteraChipErasecommandhasbeenexecuted.Thesoftwareismostlikelyhavingtroublecommunicatingwiththedevice.Checkthecableconnectionandmakesurethedeviceison.ThenruntheInitializeTargetcommandfromtheOptionsmenu.Theprogramreportswritefailureswhenattemptingtowritethebuffer(s)tothechip.ThisusuallyoccurswhentheXTALfrequencyisnotsettothecorrectvalueinthesoftware.TosettheXTALchoseSelectDevicefromtheOptionsmenuandinputthecorrectXTALfrequencythatisbeingusedbythedevice.ThenruntheInitializeTargetcommandfromtheOptionsmenu.Thesoftwarereports“…AtmelISPCableisnotconnected…”butthecableanddeviceappeartobeconnectedproperly.Makesurethecorrectportisselectedinthesoftware.ThisisdonebyselectingSelectPortfromtheOptionsmenu.19