PPT教学课件主谓一致

Subject---VerbAgreement主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。⑴Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.⑵TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.⑶Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.⑷Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.⑸Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、⑴LucyandLilyaretwins.⑵SheandIareclassmates.⑶Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.⑷BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。3、⑴MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.⑵NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.⑶She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。注意：anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：politics,mathematics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.was4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.A.amB.isC.areD.beExercises6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is7.Everyboyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthemeetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.were18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica___oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is23.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are考点分析：1.Atlast，wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand___downtoeatourpicniclunch．A．sittingB．havingsatC．tositD．sat本 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 考查并列谓语的选择。found与satdown应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。2.ProfessorSmith，alongwithhisassistants，_______ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline．A．workB．workingC．isworkingD．areworking本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语+alongwith/with/togetherwith+n./pron．”结构作主语时．其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。因ProfessorSmith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词isworking。3.---Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?---I'msorryI_____anythingaboutitsooner.1certainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.A.wasn'tsayingB.don'tsayC.won'tsayD.didn'tsay4.Theeveningnewscomesonatseveno'clockand_____onlythirtyminutes.A.keepsB.completesC.finishesD.lasts5.---HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?---Ihavenoidea.He_____itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone6.Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfireshavenotbeen_____completely.A.turneddownB.putoutC.putawayD.haddone7.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945andtheirpower___increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasD.hadbeen8.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe9.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgarden,whichattractedthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smelledC.smellingD.aresmelled10.Havingatripabroadiscertainlyniceforoldcouples,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tobeseenB.toseeC.seeingD.seen用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads______(keep)risingthesedays.2.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_____________(repair)atthegarage.3.Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossibledoesseempossiblenow.4.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames____________(declare)open,thewholeworldcheered.keepsisbeingrepairedwasweredeclared5.Theuseofcreditcardsinplaceofcash____________(increase)inrecentyears.6.Newton_____________(explain)themovementsofthemoonfromtheattractionoftheearth.7.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People____________(phone)toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.hasincreasedhasexplainedarephoning第一节地壳的物质组成和物质循环一、地壳的物质组成1、组成地壳的主要化学元素：氧、硅、铝、铁、钙、钠、钾、镁什么是矿物？它有哪几种基本存在形式？它可以分为哪几类？常见的矿物有哪些？2、矿物：地壳中的化学元素，在一定的地质条件下结合而成成的单质或化合物。形态：气态（天然气等）,液态（石油、汞等）和固态（最常见）常见的矿物金属矿非金属矿赤铁矿磁铁矿黄铁矿黄铜矿方铅矿石英长石云母方解石石英石英（SiO2）是自然界中最多的矿物长石云母石英、长石、云母这三种矿物主要存在于花岗岩中。方解石主要存在于石灰岩和大理岩中。其主要成分为CaCO3一、地壳的物质组成1、矿物：地壳中的化学元素，在一定的地质条件下结合而成成的单质或化合物。2、矿产：有用的矿物在地壳中或地表富集起来，并且能够被人们开采利用的。3、岩石：地壳中的固态矿物按照一定的规律聚集在一起，就形成了岩石。结合化学元素矿物岩石岩石圈组成集合体矿产富集矿床富集4、岩石的分类：按成因来分类：岩浆岩沉积岩变质岩4.1岩浆岩岩浆侵入：花岗岩喷出：玄武岩　岩浆岩的形成过程岩浆岩4.1岩浆岩侵入岩：花岗岩喷出岩：玄武岩、流纹岩、安山岩岩浆侵入地壳上部或喷出地表冷却凝固岩浆岩4.2沉积岩沉积岩的形成过程裸露岩石沉积岩沉积、固结成岩风化、侵蚀、搬运具有层理结构常含有化石（可用来判断岩层的新老）特点常见的沉积岩：形成：砾岩、砂岩、页岩、石灰岩4.3变质岩已成岩石变质岩（岩浆活动）高温高压变质作用举例石灰岩页岩大理岩板岩花岗岩片麻岩砂岩石英岩石灰岩岩浆石灰岩岩浆大理岩变质接触带变质带(高温)1.岩浆岩2.沉积岩3.变质岩成因：举例：成因：举例：成因：举例：岩浆喷出地表或侵入地壳冷却凝固而成侵入岩（花岗岩）、喷出岩（玄武、安山、流纹岩）经风化、侵蚀、搬运、沉积、固结成岩而成砾岩、砂岩、页岩、石灰岩岩石在高温高压下发生变质作用而成大理岩、板岩、片麻岩、石英岩小结：这三类岩石之间有什么关系呢？特点：①具有层理结构；②含有化石二、地壳的物质循环1、三类岩石的转化、地质循环：侵入型喷出型岩浆岩岩石风化碎屑岩浆沉积岩变质岩高温高压变质高温高压变质风、流水等外力作用将岩石碎屑物由高处搬运到低处沉积重融、再生变质岩岩浆冷却凝固岩浆岩外力作用沉积岩变质作用变质作用重融再生外力作用重融再生重融再生根据三类岩石的转化示意图，说明岩石相互转化具备的条件。岩浆岩岩浆沉积岩变质岩ABDFGECHA、B、C、D、E、F、G、H冷却凝固外力作用外力作用变质作用变质作用重熔再生作用重熔再生作用重熔再生作用1.诗中描述的岩石是　　　，按成因属于_____岩。2.在这种岩石是否可能找到生物化石　　____。3.这种岩石经变质作用后形成的岩石叫　　__　。4.以该岩石为主的山区常形成　　　　　　　　　　地貌。石灰岩沉积是大理岩喀斯特（石灰,溶洞）读古诗并回答：千锤万造出深山，烈火焚烧只等闲.粉身碎骨浑不怕，只留清白在人间.