初中英语形容词和副词课件

明确这两种词的基本意义以及在语句中的功能和位置， 如形容词具有修饰和限定作用，一般用来修饰名词，在语句中可用作定语和表语； 副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子，一般位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之首。 形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。 e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc. 形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分． eg: 1.He is a good student. 2. She is a beautiful girl. 3. I have a clever pet dog. 1.)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序 直接放名词或代词前面 2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序 有时，一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语，这时，它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下，它们的顺序为大致遵循以下 原则 组织架构调整原则组织架构设计原则组织架构设置原则财政预算编制原则问卷调查设计原则 ： 限定词（冠词等）-数量词-描绘形容词—大小(长短高低)—形状—年龄(新旧)—颜色—国籍— 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 —用途(类别)—名词 Eg: I bought a nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的) French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk(写字台). 但是，以上情况并不绝对，例外的情况是常有的，况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西，供参考： 1. 总体描述在前，具体描述在后； 2. 主观描述在前，客观描述在后； 3. 普遍性描述在前，特殊性描述在后； 4. 音节少的词在前，音节多的词在后； 5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前，关系紧密的在后。 注：有时，两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词，强调全部范围时，可用and / or连起来(如：old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词的后面，并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。 Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少，所有的参观者都很高兴。 Eg: an old Chinese stone bridge 一座古老的中国石桥 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 一个年轻貌美的中国姑娘 一座白色的小石桥。 例 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ： 1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.　 A.　little two other　B. two little other　　 C.　two other little　 D.　little other two 　 2)　One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone　　 B. Chinese old stone　 　C. old stone Chinese　　 D. Chinese stone old 　 答案点拨：C 由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的 公式 小学单位换算公式大全免费下载公式下载行测公式大全下载excel公式下载逻辑回归公式下载 可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。 答案点拨A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3）.The house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. A. Little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 5）. Students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese A A 当形容词修饰由something/somebody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody, everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g. 1.Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ? 2. I have something important to tell you. 3.)修饰不定代词时常后置 “不形” 例题： 1. Sam is hungry, he’d like to eat ____delicious. A. some B. any C. something D. somewhere 2. Don’t worry. There is ____ about your illness. serious something B. anything serious C. nothing serious D. some thing There is ____ in today’s newspaper. It’s boring. A. something new B. interesting new C. nothing new D. new nothing --Who can help us? --___. we’ll do it ourselves A. Everyone else B. Else everyone C. Nobody else D. Else nobody C C C C The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island. 只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词 alone afraid awake asleep alive able 所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有： 1.某些以a-开头的形容词： afraid 害怕的                    alive 活着的    alone 单独的                      ashamed 羞愧的 asleep 睡着的                    awake 醒着的 Don’t be afraid. 别怕。 Now the baby is asleep. 现在孩子睡着了。 He was alone in the house. 他独自一人在家里。 若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词： 误：an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet 正：a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living poet 2.某些表示健康的形容词： fine 健康的                                       ill有病的 well身体健康的 “How’s your wife?” “She’s fine, thank you.” “你妻子好吗?”“她很好，谢谢。” He was ill and couldn’t come. 他病了，所以不能来。 【注】在美国英语中，表示健康状况的ill和well 有时也用作定语。另外，以上词语若不是表示以上意思，则可用作定语：fine weather 好天气，ill news 坏消息 3.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词： glad 高兴的         pleased 高兴的 sorry 难过的 I’m glad to hear that. 听到这消息我很高兴。 You will be sorry about this later. 对这件事你以后会后悔的。 We are very pleased with the plan. 我们对这个计划很满意。 【注】若用于其他意思，则可用作定语，如 glad 表示“(感到)高兴的”时，只用作表语；若表示“令人高兴的”，则只用作定语(glad news 好消息)。 4.其他表语形容词： certain 确信的，一定的    sure 确信的，一定的    fond 喜欢的，温柔的        ready 准备好的，愿意的 unable 不能…的 I’m certain [sure] he will come. 我确信他会来。 He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。 We are ready to do it. 我们已准备好做这事。 【注】若用于其他意义，有的也可用作定语，如 certain表示“某”时，只能用作定语：a certain person 某人。 例题： 1. She was _____ (luck) to lose her money when she went shopping last weekend. [04西宁] 2. This kind of skirt looks __ and sells__. [04天津] 　　A. nice; well B. nice; good 　　C. well; well D. good; nice 答案点拨：was是系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语，luck的形容词形式为lucky，但我们填上后发现句意不通：丢了钱她还能幸运吗？肯定是“不幸”，故应填它的反义词unlucky。 答案点拨：此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识点：系动词后跟形容词作表语，实义动词后要用副词去修饰。look为半系动词，后接形容词，sell为实义动词，后接副词，而well作形容词时专指身体状况“好”，nice是形容词，不难得出答案为A。 3.—What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain? —It is ________. I like it. [04昆明] 　　A. boring B. bored 　　C. interested D. interesting 答案点拨：既然喜欢，说明它有趣，作表语，故选D。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式：-ing 和-ed形式，它们的区别就在于: -ing形式一般作表语和定语，修饰物。如：It was an interesting book. The book is interesting.； -ed形式其主语常应该是人，而不是物。如： 　　He became very interested in science. 他开始对科学非常感兴趣。 　　 bored boring interested interesting moved moving amazed amazing surprised surprising confused confusing discouraged discouraging excited exciting 4. The apple tastes _____ and sells ___ . A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good 5. Your answer sounds _____ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting 6. They watched a movie and felt quite _____ . A. sad B. sadly C. sadness D. sady C A A 某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语， 再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。 形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语． eg.1. Do you like your tea weak or strong? 你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？ 2.You must keep the classroom clean． 你应保持教室清洁。 3.The boy was beaten black and blue． 男孩被打得青一块紫一块。 4.He made us happy. 5.Colour it green. 形容词和介词搭配 About be careful about 对......小心 be certain about 对......有把握 be anxious about 对......刚到忧虑 be sure about 对......有把握 be worried about 对......担忧 be curious about 对......好奇 At be angry at be good at be expert at 在......有专长 be experienced at 在......方面有 经验 班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验 be surprised at 对......感到惊讶 for be famous for因......而著名 be ready for 准备好做...... get ready for为......做好准备 be sorry for 对......感到抱歉 be good for 对......有好处 be bad for 对......有坏处 be fit for 适合 be unfit for 不适合 be harmful for 对......有害 Thank you very much! See you next period! 但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent, wonderful, favorite等。 比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如： 1）My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 　 我的衬衫比你的便宜。 2）Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult. 　第3课很难，但是第5课更难。 注意：①在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that, those来代替前面的词。例如： 　　The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong. 　　The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs. Tom is as tall as Mike.  as+形容词原形+as There are as many students in our school as yours.   否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和… 不一样” 或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及／不如… Tom is not as tall as Mike. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.  so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词＋that丛句 He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door . … too+原级+ to do sth. He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John 2、Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ? Which is easier, maths or English? 3、能修饰比较级的副词及短：much(…的多)、 a lot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、a bit/alittle(…一点儿) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday. 4、… is the +比较级 + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、…数量 + 比较级 than … He is three years older than his brother. 6、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越…” Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热 7、The + 比较级…，the + 比较级… “越…，就越…” The more , the better. 越多越好。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖 1.…one of the+最高级+名词复数 2.…最高级+of (in)…(三者及以上范围的) 3.This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句 Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.  This is the worst film that I have seen these years.  Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.  5.、the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + in/of The Yellow River is the second longest river in China 4、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ? Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ? 注意： ①最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如： 　Which is the first most useful invention? 　哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？ ②如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。例如： 　Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天是我最忙碌的一天。 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 副词 用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或 名词词组及句子的词。 e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, 等等. 　　副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种： 1、时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等. 2、地点副词：here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等. 3、方式副词：carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely, anxiously等. 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 4、程度副词：much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等. 5、疑问副词：how, where, when, why（放在特殊疑问句前） 6、关系副词：when, where, why（通常引导宾语从句） 7、连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether（通常引导定语从句） 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 五、副词的比较等级构成和用法 1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 单音节词和少数双音节词 构 成 方 法 原 级 比较级 最高级 一般在词尾加-er或-est fast hard long soon faster harder longer sooner fastest hardest longest soonest 以字母e结尾的副词，加-r或-st late later latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-est early earlier earliest 2）不规则变化 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 well badly much little far better worse more less farther较远(表示距离) further较远，进一步(表示程度) best worst most least farthest furthest 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. 形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the. Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world. Jim jumped (the) highest of the all. fast-faster-fastest slowly- more slowly –most slowly 注意：1、副词very可以修 饰形容词、副词，但不能修 饰动词。例如： This flower is very beautiful. I like English very much. (但不能说：I very like English.) 2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。 例如：He is strong enough to lift the heavy box. The man has got enough money (or: money enough) to buy a car. 注意： 3、频度副词的比例表： always——100%, usually——80%, often——70%~60%, sometimes, at times——30%~40%, seldom, hardly ever——5%, never——0% 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 2、such和so的区分 1）such是形容词，常修饰名词。它有如下结构：①such + a/an +形容词+ n.(可数名词单数)，如： 　It’s such a beautiful flower. 　You have told us such an interesting story. ②such +形容词+ n.(可数名词复数)，如： 　You have made such foolish mistakes. ③such +形容词+ n.(不可数名词)，如： 　 I’m very glad that I can get such good advice from you. 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 2、such和so的区分 2）so是副词，表示程度，修饰形容词或副词。它有如下结构： ①so + 形容词/副词，如： 　This question is so difficult that I can’t answer it. ②so + 形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数，如： 　This is so difficult a question that all of us cannot answer it. 　　另外在many, much, few, little +名词的前面，只能用so,不能用such。 例如： There is so little milk in the refrigerator that I have to buy some.　　 中考英语专项复习　形容词和副词 Such ...as ,such ...that Such ...as 引导定语从句 such ...that 引导结果从句 She is such a good teacher that we all like her. She is such a good teacher as we all like. 【例1】 —Which is_________ season in Beijing? —I think it's autumn. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 典型例题解析 【例2】 It is______today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter D D 【例3】 Jim is running_______Bruce. They're neck and neck,［ 黑龙江］ A.faster than B.as fast as C.as faster as D.more slowly than B 典型例题解析 【例4】 Her mother was out. She stayed at home______,but she didn‘t feel ______. A.alone,lonely B.lonely alone C.alone,lonely D.lonely,alone 【例5】 —Is the physics problem_____? —Yes,I can work it out _______. A.easy,easily B.easy,easy C.easily,easy D.easily,easily A A Ⅱ.根据句意填空。 1.Which film is______________this one or that one?(interesting) 2.I think English is one of _______________ subjects in middle school (important). 3.Li Lei doesn't study so____________ as his sister.(care) 4.Ann is a little__________ than Joan,but she is much________ .(young,tall) 5.The Changjiang River is very ________.It's The third___________ river in the world. (long) 课时训练 more interesting the most important carefully younger taller long longest Ⅲ.单项选择 1.What a ______cough! You seem___ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terrible C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly 2.The car is running________.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster 3. I feel even_________ now. A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst 课时训练 A D C 4.She was very happy.She ran_______of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly 5.Keep quiet,please.It's___ noisy here. A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much 6.—Have you__spoken to a foreigner?—No,_________. A.already,never B.ever,neverC.yet,already D.ever,ever 7.He is taller than________in his class.A.any boy B.any boys C.any other boy D.some other boy A C B C 8.I'll go and visit you______next week. A.sometime B.some times C.some time D.some time 9.--What was the weather like yesterday? --It was very bad.It rained_____ people could____go out. A.hard,hard B.hardly，hard C.hardly,hardly D.hard，hardly 10.English is as______as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.important B.more important C.the most important D.much more important C D A 11.Music is not so useful as science.It's_________useful than science. A.fewer B.less C.more D.a lot 12.He looks_________. A.good B.well C.happily D.worriedly 13.We've never heard of _________story before. A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange 14.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes______ A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety 15.Would you please speak______?I still can't follow you. A.slow B.much slow C.much slowly D.more slowly 课时训练 B B A B D 1.--Is chemistry more difficult than physcis? --No,chemistry isn’t as ___ as Physcis. A.easy B.difficult C.easier D.more difficult 2.In this part of the country, water is___ oil. A.so dear as B.as dear as C.dear as D.so dear 3. The bread is ____ than these cakes. A.very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious C B B 二.单选题 4. In our city it’s ____ in July ,but it is even _____ in August . A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter D 10.The Yellow River is the second ________(long) river in China. 11.Zhao Lei is one of ____ ___________ (young) boys in his school. 12.Which is ____ _______ (big),the sun, the earth or the moon ? longest the youngest the biggest 四.用所给词的适当形式填空. 13.Mary has three brothers.Smith is____ _______ (tall) of the three. the tallest 14.Mount Qomolangma is ____ ______ (high) in the world . the highest 15.Jim jumped _________ (high) of the all. highest 五.请在下面的横线上填入正确的词 16.篮子里的苹果比箱子里的苹果更好吃. The apples in the basket are more delicious than ________ in the box. 17.李先生讲的故事比王先生讲的更有趣 The story Mr Li told us is more interesting than____ ____Mr Wang told us. 18.瓶子里的水比杯子里的水干净。 The water in the bottle is cleaner than_____ In the glass. those the one that 19.魏华跑得比李雷慢许多。 Weihua runs _____ _____ _____ than Lilei 20.上海比美国的任何城市都更大. Shanghai is bigger than_____ _______ in the USA. 21.杭州比中国的任何城市都更美. Hangzhou is more beautiful than ____ _____ ____ in China. any city any other city much more slowly 1. The bread is ____ than these cakes A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious 2. Lin Tao jumped ____ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far 3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed ______ A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest C C A 4. In our city it’s ____ in July ,but it is even ____ in August A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second ______ island in china. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 6. An elephant is ____ than a tiger . A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier D C D 7. A horse is ______ than a dog . A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy 8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _____. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 9. Which subject is _____ , physics or chemistry ? A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting C D C 10. He is ___ enough to carry the heavy box . A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks ___ but does ___ so everyone says he is a good boy . A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very ___ . A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high A A A 1. (北京卷)23. This __________ girl is Lind’s cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 形容词顺序 2. （山东卷）28.Mr. Smith owns ______ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 3. (广东卷)27. John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his studies. A. very B. far C. more D. still 副词 4.（湖北卷）28．What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before .It is___ it is long. A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half 5. (江苏卷)22. ---- How is everything going on with you in Europe? ----Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _________. A. though B. instead C. either D. too 6. (江苏卷)28. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 7. （全国卷3）6．－Is your headache getting_____________? －No, it’s worse. A．better B．Bad C．less D．well 8. (江西卷)34．—Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? —Of course . You can never be _____ careful with that . A．enough B．too C．so D．very 9. （上海卷）41. There was such long queue for coffee at the interval that we ________ gave up. A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully 10. （上海卷）44. At times, worrying is a normal, ________ response to a difficult event or situation --- a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable 11. （浙江卷）13. My mother always gets a bit _________ if we don’t arrive when we say we will. A．anxious B．ashamed C．weak D．patient 12. （浙江卷）18. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _________ this year. A．the best B．Better C．the most D．More 13.（天津卷）6.If it is quite _______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable 14.（安徽卷）31. John is the tallest boy in the class, _______ according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 形容词的构成通常有: forget—forgetful help—helpful wonder—wonderful use—useful care—careful beauty—beautiful thank－thankful colour ----colourful 1、+ful 2、＋ed excite—excited worry—worried surprise—surprised close—closed interest—interested frighten—frightened 3、+ing interest—interesting excite—exciting surprise—surprising follow—following sun—sunny snow—snowy wind—windy rain-rainy cloud—cloudy health—healthy 4、+y 所有表示天气状况的的形容词 wool-woolen wood--wooden 5、+ en 6、+ern (东西南北) east--eastern west--western south-southern north--northern 7.由“名词+ly”构成 friendly, daily, weekly, silly lively, lonely, lovely 7.复合形容词 （1）形容词＋v-ing，同“系表结构”  a good-looking boy ＝a boy who looks good 相貌好看的男孩  an ordinary-looking man 相貌平常的人  nice-smelling flowers 香气扑鼻的花  （2）副词＋过去分词，同“被动的定语从句”  a well-written novel ＝a novel that is well written 写得好的小说  best-housed people 居住条件最好的人  a newly-published article 新发表的文章  （3）形容词＋带ed后缀的名词  an ill-tempered m an ＝a m an whose temper is ill 脾气坏的人  short-sighted students ＝students with short sight 近视的学生 sweet-tempered 性情温和的  tender-hearted 软心肠的  （4）名词＋形容词，名词如同状语，修饰形容词  an apple-green shirt ＝a shirt being as green as apple苹果绿衬衫  snow-white walls 雪白的墙  a piece of sky-blue cloth 一块天蓝色的布 形容词的比较等级构成， 有三个等级： ①原级；②比较级；③最高级。 taller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widest bigger hotter fatter wetter biggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlier happiest driest earliest narrower cleverer narrowest cleverest more difficult more popular more slowly most difficult most popular most slowly 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est better best worse worst less more most farther/further older/elder least farthest/furthest oldest/eldest 巧记： 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远 原级 good well bad ill many much little far old 比较级 最高级