《老人与海》硬汉形象分析

AnAnalysisonCodeHeroIntheOldManandtheSeaAThesisPresentedtotheFacultyofBinhaiSchoolofForeignAffairsTianjinForeignStudiesUniversityInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeBachelorofArtsbyYuAixinMay，2013ContentsAbstract(inChinese)…........................................................................................IAbstract(inEnglish)..........................................….............................................III.Introduction1.1TheintroductiontoHemingway..................................................................................11.2TheintroductiontoTheOldManandtheSea............................................................3II.Literaturereview.............................................................................................III.ReflectionofSantiago’sCharacteristics3.1Facingthefailureoptimistically.................................................................................53.2Strongwillinthelongfighting...................................................................................63.3Theconfidenceandcouragetoovercomedifficulties.................................................73.4Todefendthedignityofhumanbeing.........................................................................8IV.AnalysisofSantiagoisaCodeHero4.1TheformationofCodeHero...................................................................................104.2TypicalcharactersofCodeHero.............................................................................124.3TypicalbehaviorsofCodeHero..............................................................................12V.ThesignificanceofCodeHerotomodernsociety.........................................13Conclusion……………………………….........................................................14References…………………………………………….…..................................16摘要欧内斯特·海明威是美国著名的小说家之一。《老人与海》是他众多作品中影响最深远的小说，1954年为他赢得了诺贝尔文学奖。小说描写了老渔夫桑迪亚哥孤身一人出海捕鱼的故事。经过两天两夜的生死搏斗，终于捕到了一条大马林鱼。然而大马林鱼却遭到了鲨鱼的袭击，最后只剩下一付巨大的鱼骨架。桑迪亚哥在巨大困难面前，所 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现出得勇气和力量，以及履行使命时所体现的超人才智，无不说明他是一位英雄。 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 浅析了桑迪亚哥的特殊性格和行为，倡导顽强，坚韧，永不服输的精神。通过对桑迪亚哥的 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ，塑造了硬汉形象，深刻体会硬汉精神的现代意义。关键词：欧内斯特·海明威；《老人与海》；桑迪亚哥；硬汉AbstractErnestHemingwayisoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.TheOldManandtheSeaisthemostfar-reachingnovelinhisworks,andwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.Thenoveldescribesanoldfisherman,Santiago,setsouttoseaalone.Aftertwodaysandnights’struggle,hecatchesahugemarlinfinally.Butthecapturedmarlinislaterdestroyedbysharks,andleavesnothingbutthebonesofthefish.Santiago’scourageandstrengthinthefaceoftremendousobstacles,aswellaswisdomwithwhichheexecuteshistask,makehimahero.ThepaperwillanalyzethetypicalcharactersandbehaviorsofSantiago,advocatethespiritoffirmness,persistency,andnevergivingup.ThroughthecarefulstudyonSantiago’scharacters,reflectionontheimageofCodeHerowillbemade,moreover,thesignificanceofCodeHerotomodernsocietyisalsorevealed.Keywords:ErnestHemingway;TheOldManandtheSea;Santiago;CodeHeroI.Introduction1.1TheintroductiontoHemingwayErnestHemingway(1899-1961)wasborninOakPark,Illinois,aconservativeupper-middleclasssuburbofChicago.HewasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.Hisworkshaveanimportantinfluenceondevelopmentofotherwritings.Asaboyhelikedfootball,fishing,andhunting.Itisnecessarypartinhislifeasimportantashiswriting.Hewasthesonofadoctorandamusicteacher.Heportrayedhismiddle-classparentsratherharshlyfortheirvaluesandtheirmorality.HebeganhiswritingcareerasareporterfortheKansasCityStar.Attheageofeighteen,heseveredasaRedCrossambulancedriverduringtheFirstWorldWar,andwassenttoItaly,wherehewasbadlyinjuredbyshrapnelandexperiencedatleasttwelveoperations.HerecoveredinhospitalofMilan,wherehefellinlovewithanurse,AgnesvonKurowsky.Later,HemingwaycreatedhisindividualexperienceinItalyintothegreatnovel,AFarewelltoArms.SomanycriticsgenerallyagreethatAFarewelltoArmsisHemingway’smostaccomplishednovel.Hemingwayreturnedhomein1919,hisparentsdidn’tunderstandthepsychologicalpainhehadsufferedduringthewar,andpersuadedhimtofindajob.Hehaddifficultiesincopingwithhisparentsandhisfriends.TheshortnovelSoldier’sHomereflectsthisconflict.In1921,Hemingwaymarriedhisfirstwife,HadleyRichardson.ThenhemovedtoParisandwasinvolvedwithliteratureandartisticcircle.HemadevaluableconnectionwithagroupofAmericanandEnglishexpatriatewriterslikeF.ScottFitzgerald,EzraPound,andGertrudeStein.Asthejournalistandafamousauthor,hehadthehighreputation.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1962),whichdescribesthedisillusionmentforagenerationofyouthwhoseearlyadulthoodwasconsumedbytheFirstWorldWar,hewasknownastherepresentativeof“theLostGeneration.”Hemingway’smarriagebegantofallapart,anddivorcedin1927.Hequicklymarriedthesecondwife,PaulinePfeiffer.Hemingway’sfather,ClarenceHemingway,committedsuicidein1928afterdevelopingserioushealthandfinancialproblems,andHemingwayengagedinanaffairwithawomanMarthaGelhornin1940.HemingwaybegantocovertheSpanishCivilWarforNorthAmericanNewspaperAlliancein1937.HisnovelForwhomBellTolls,basedonhisexperienceinSpain,waspublishedin1940.ThenovelForwhomBellTollsissuccessful,buthedidnotpublishanothernovelfortenyear.Meanwhile,heandGelhorndivorced,andthenmarriedMaryWelshaftertheSecondWorldWar.Hiswritingbegantofizzlewithhisphysicalhealthdeclined.HemingwaydidenoughenergytowriteTheOldManandtheSea,whichisoneofthemostfamousworksofhim.AfamouswritereverpraisedTheOldManandtheSeaas“themostexcellentsimplearticleinthisgeneration.”HisnovelTheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952,andwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.HemingwaywouldliketofocusontheimageofCodeHerowhofightswithtragicsurroundinglifeinhisnovels.TheOldManandtheSeaisthelastnovelinhislifetime.Thedescriptionof“CodeHero”alwaysappearsinhisworks.Hemingwayhadfourmarriagesinhiswholelife.Heexperiencedmiserableandemotionalpainsothathisworkslackedthesenseofrealityaboutwomen.Later,hedidn’thavestrengthandcourageinfightingwiththeexistence.Hisheavydrinkingincreasedhishealthproblems.Hewasmoreandmoredepressedandlostconfidencetomeaninglessworld.Hecommittedsuicidein1961inKetchum,Idaho.1.2TheintroductiontoTheOldManandtheSeaTheOldManandtheSeaisthestoryofanoldfishermanwhoundertakesafiercestrugglewithahugemarlin—thegreatestcatchinlife.Inaperiodoftime,Santiagohassetouttoseaaloneandreturnedwithoutafishforeighty-fourdays.Atthebeginning,aboycalledManolinsetsouttogetherwithSantiago.LaterhisparentsforcetheboytoleaveSantiagoinordertofishinamoreprosperousboat.Oneighty-fifthdaysofhisunluckystream,thegreatestmarlinwhichSantiagohasneverseentakesthebaitinthewater.Becauseofthemarlin’sgreatsize,Santiagoisunabletopullthefishin,andthetwoareengagedinastruggle.Santiagofightsthehugemarlinwithhisrichfishingexperienceandskillsandendurespainfromthefishingline.Aftertwodaysandtwonights’struggle,ultimatelythebigfishisattachedtotheboat.AsSantiagosailsonthewater,themarlin’sbloodleavesatrialinthewaterandattractssharks.Inordertopreventsharks’attack,Santiagodoeshisbest.AlthoughSantiagokillsseveralsharksbythetimenightfalls,hisstruggleagainstthescavengersisuseless.Theydevourthemarlin’spreciousmeat,leavingonlyskeleton,head,andtail.Santiagoarriveshomebeforedaybreakandsleepsverydeeply.HedreamshisusualdreamoflionsatplayonthebeachesofAfrica.TheOldManandtheSeaendsonaratheroptimisticnote,anddescribesthedepthofSantiago’stragicfate.Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero,suffersterriblythroughoutTheOldManandtheSea.TheauthorportraysCodeHero’sgraceunderpressurethroughthestrugglewiththehugemarlinandsharks.Itcanbereadonmorethanonemeaning.Hemingwaydescribesthistechniqueasthe“icebergprinciple”,thesimplestwritingcanhintthegreatesthumantruths.Heachieveshiseffortbyrelyingonsymbolismstomanyreaders.ThesesymbolismsrevealHemingway’smoralidealthatglorydependsononeshouldhavethepridetoseeastrugglethroughtotheend,regardlessoftheoutcome.Hemingwaybelievesdeathanddestructionareunavoidableinthenaturalorder.BecauseSantiagostrugglesagainsthugemarlinandsharks,thecreaturesofthesea;somereadersconsiderthetaleasman’sbattleagainstthenaturalworld,moreactually,astoryofman’splaceinnature.Nomattermanormarlinissubjecttothesamerule,theymustkillorbekilled.Thenovelsuggestsitisimpossibletoescapethenaturalstruggle.ItprovesSantiago’stheimageofCodeHerothroughtheefforttostruggletheinevitablelaw.Santiago’scharactermotiveshimtochangethedestructiveforcesofnature,andenableshimtodefendhisdignifieddestiny.ThemostattractingwayisthatHemingwaycreatestheseimagestolinkSantiagotoChrist,whoexemplifiestranscendencebyturninglossintogain,defeatintotriumph,andevendeathintolife.Santiagochoosesendurance,andhisdeterminationisnearlyChrist-likeinproportion.Hemingway’screationnotonlyoriginatesfromreallife,butissuperiortohislife.ThespiritofCodeHeroactuallyreflectstheauthor’sownlifeattitude.AsoneofthegreatestworksofHemingway,TheOldManandtheSeaattractsgreatattentionsinstudyfromdifferentperspectives.Theusageofsymbolismandtheicebergprinciplehelpthereadershaveagoodunderstandingfromdifferentaspects.SoreadersshouldtrytounderstandthetruthsunderthewaterinTheOldManandtheSea.II.LiteraryreviewAsoneofthegreatestworksofHemingway,TheOldManandtheSeaattractsgreatcriticalattentionsinstudyfromdifferentperspectives.SuchastheimageofCodeHero,theIcebergPrinciple,theusageofsymbolismandsoon.TheseresearcheshelpthereadershaveagoodunderstandingofHemingwayandtheoldmanandthesea.BakerbelievesthatHemingwaylearnstogetthemostfromtheleast,howtoprunelanguage,howtomultiplyintensities,andhowtotellnothingbutthetruthinawaythatallowedfortellingmorethanthetruth"(Baker,1969).SantiagoisthelasttragicherothatHemingwayportrays.Beingpoorandunlucky,hisfateissad,butheisnotamanbeingeasilydefeated.Hemingway’sunyieldingcharacterisattachedtotheoldman,whichisthesymbolofHemingway’sunyieldingcharacter,whichisregardedasanembodimentofHemingway’sicebergprinciple(Berman,Ronald,2003).ManyotherscholarssuchasLindaWagner-Martin,ScottDonaldson,WendyMartin,JohnW.AldridgealsogivetheirthoughtsandopinionsonHemingway'sworks.ChinesecriticismalsopaymuchattentiontotheOldManandtheSea.HuTieshengoncementionsthatTheOldManandtheSeahasmadetheCodeHerotoitsclimax.TheclearsignofCodeHerois:“Theworldwantstostrikedowneveryoneintheworld,butmostofthemarestaunch;andtheworldeagerlywantstokillthebrave,thekindheartedandthemerciful.The“CodeHero”isonewhostandsuptothehardship”.(HuTiesheng,1994:84)TheInterpretationofDreamsinTheOldManandtheSeabyGaoHongqinstudiesthenovelfromanewperspectivebyanalyzingthedreamsinthestory.ItbeginsfromFreud'sdreamtheorythatdreamsarethesatisfactionofsuppressedandinhibiteddesiresintheformofcamouflage.AndthenthispaperinterpretstheAfricaandlions.(GaoHongqin,2009)YuanXianquan'sAGeneralTalkonHemingway'sWritingStyleofIceberghasacomprehensiveanalysisoftheIcebergPrinciple.ItbeginsfromtheformationofHemingway'sparticularwritingstyle,namelytheauthor'svariousexperiencesandhiscarefulnessinwriting.ThenithasavividdescriptionoftheIcebergtheory.(YuanXianquan,1995)AnotherscholarWuRanthinksthatthetragedyoftheOldManandtheSeadoesn’tdependontheoldman’ssacrificetofishing,butforthatindividualstrengthisdoomedtofail.(WuRan,1989:61)AstheclimaxofHemingway’sliterarycreationandhisbestworkinhislifetime,TheOldManandtheSeaenjoyshighreputationintheworldliterary.Certainlytheworkitselfhasgreatprofoundmeaninginmanyaspects.ThispaperwillmakefurtherstudyontheOldManandtheSeathroughtheanalysisofCodeHero.III.ReflectionofSantiago’sCharacteristics3.1FacingthefailureoptimisticallyTheoldman’smagnificenceandhonorwithwhichheexecuteshistask,makeshisstrugglereachtranscendentlevel.Santiagocopeswithdifficultiesthatlifethrowsathiminanoptimisticway.Hisspiritofoptimismsupportshimtofightwithmarlin,sharks,andhimself.Santiagoisnotdepressedwithhispoorsurroundings,andisundefeatedbytheloneliness.Underthepressureofbadluck,hesaysthateverydayisanewday.Althoughhefailsatlast,hereflectsthestrongvoicefromtheheartthatheisnotdefeated.Hisspiritofoptimismexpressesthethemeofthenovel.Havingbeenmadefunbymanyfishermenandcatchingwithnothingforeighty-fourdays,Santiagostilltalksaboutthenewspaperswiththesmallboy,anddiscussesthelatestdevelopmentsinAmericanbaseball.Inthethreedays’struggleatsea,Santiagotriestoreassurehimselfofhisownstrength,histhoughtreturnstoabaseballplayerDiMaggiowhorepresentsakindoftriumphantsurvival.Aftersufferingabonespurintheheel,DiMaggioreturnstobaseballagain,andbecomesthegreatplayerineyesofmanypeople.Heconsidershimasamodelofstrengthandcommitment.Besides,inordertoimprovehisconfidenceandstrength,theoldmanrecallsthegreatall-nightarmswrestlingmatchhewonasayoungmanandtriestofindthetriumphandarenewedlifefromthedestruction.Moreover,Santiagomakesstarsandhugemarlinashisfriends.Heconsidersheissoluckythathislifedoesn’tinvolveanythingsogreatasthestarsorthemoon.SantiagodreamshispleasantdreamofthelionsatplayonthebeachesofAfricathreetimes.Thefirsttimeisthenightbeforehisthree-dayfishingexperience,thesecondtimeishesleepsontheboatforafewhoursinthemiddleofhisstrugglewiththehugemarlin,andthethirdtimeisattheendofthisstory.Thelionisassociatedwithstrength,hope,triumph,eventhepursuitofSantiago’sideallife.Fromtheabovementioned,wemaysafelyreachaconclusionthatSantiagocanfacethefailureoptimistically.3.2StrongwillinthefightingInhislife,fightingwithmarlinforthreedaysmaybethegreatestchallenge.Throughoutthenovel,nomatterhowdifficultthecircumstancesbecome,Santiagoexhibitsthedeterminationofstrongwilltocatchthishugemarlinandbringsittoshore.Evenhislefthandcramsandhisrighthandiscutbytheline,hestillpersistsfighting.Atthattime,theoldmancanextricatehimselffromthesituationonlyifhecutsthelinesandsetsthebigfishfree.Theoldmandoesn’tdothatbecauseitmeansfailuretohim.Hewantstoknowhowmanyfishesthemarlinkillsandpromisestofightwithsharksuntilhedies.Hebelievesnothingcandefeathiswill,andbelievesstronglyhewillcatchabigfishfinally.Inordertocatchthemarlinandbattlesharks,Santiagoiswillingtodie.Whenheisthirsty,hedrinkssomewater;whenheissleepy,heliesforwardcramminghimselfagainstthelinewithallofhisbody,puttingallhisweightontohisrighthand.Hebelievesthathecanachievehistargetwithwisdom,confidence,andstrongwill.Santiagobeatstheevilsoftheworld—hunger,poverty,thelaughofhisfellowmenbystrongwill.AlthoughSantiago’sbattleisbasedonphysicalstruggle,thestrongwilldeterminesthesuccessorfailure.Lookingatthedamagedhand,hesaysthat,“ I’llstaywithyouuntilIamdead.”(ErnestHemingway,2005:28)Santiago’swoundsremindhimthatitisrealtoexperiencethese,andnotadream.Heeatsanotherflyingfishinhopesofbuildinguphisstrength.Hefeelsfaintanddizzyandseesblackspotsbeforehiseyes.Thenhesaystohimself,“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotbedefeated.”(ErnestHemingway,2005:57)Hemakeshimselfcheerful,thinkingthatitisabigsilly,ifhestopsfightingandhoping.Santiagorepeatedlyremindshimselfthatphysicalpaindoesnotabigthingtoaman,andheurgeshimselftokeephisheadclearandtoknowhowtosufferlikeaman.Santiagoisfilledwithhopewhichistheimportantpartoflongfighting.Thenovelseemstosuggestthatthestrongwillbefoundwhenyoufacethepainanddifficulties.Withoutstrongwill,Santiagohasreasonneithertofightthesharksnortoreturnhome.AlthoughSantiagolosesthebattleinlife,hecanachieveamoralsignificanceafterhisstrongwilltoendurethestruggle.Santiago’sstrongwilloriginatefromhisdesiresforthevictoryandstrength.Hedoesn’tonlyhasstrongwill,healsoproveshisstrengthbyhisaction.3.3TheconfidenceandcouragetoovercomedifficultiesInthenovel,Santiagobehaveshonorablytoovercomedifficultieswithgreatcourageandconfidence.Healwaysexperiencesallkindsofchallengesandsufferings,buthecanendurethemsilently.Hehasabravehearttofacetheoldage,physicalpainandpoorsurroundings.Heisself-confidentofcatchingabigfishforthelongtimeofeighty-fourdays.Theconfidenceandstrongbeliefencouragehimtopersistingoingfishing.Inordertogetridofbadfortuneandcatchahugemarlin,Santiagodecidestosailoutfartherthanotherfishermen.Santiago’sconfidenceandcourageenablehimtoachievehisvalue.Santiagobeginstosailaloneontheblackseaintheearlymorningofthefollowingday.Heenjoysthebeautyofnature,doesnotconsiderthedisappointmentanddepressionofpreviousdays.Thedangersofdarkness,geography,fiercesharksmaydestroyhimatanymoment,hesailshisboatontheseafortwodaysandtwonights,notusingmoderntools,neitheramapnoracompass.Santiagohasthosecharacteristics,justasHemingwaydescribes:“ImaynotbeasstrongasIthink.”Theoldmansays,“ButIknowmanytricksandIhaveresolution”(ErnestHemingway,2005:10)Inthebeginningofthestory,wecanknowthateverythingabouthimisoldexcepthiseyes.Hiseyesarethesamecolorasthesea,andarecheerfulaswellasundefeated.WecannotonlyknowSantiago’sappearancefromtheabovevividdescription,butalsoknowSantiago’scharacter.Hisconfidenceandhopelessareshownfromhiseyes.Onthereturningvoyage,theoldmansuffersagreaterchallenge:theMarlin’sbloodattractsmanysharks.Moreover,whentheyarehungry,theybiteatanoarortherudderofaboat,eventheyhitamaninthewater.Duringthestrugglewithsharks,Santiagokeepstheincrediblecalmandrelaxed,anddoesn’tshowanyanxious.Thosesharksaresopowerfulandfearfulthathecan’tescapehisdefeat,buthefightsthemfiercelywiththecourage.Santiagoshowsstrengththroughtheentireprocessofkillingthemarlinandsharks.Hisconfidenceandcouragearegraduallypresentedduringconflictsthatwhenhegoestosea,catchesamarlinandstrugglesagainstsharks.Santiago’sspiritencourageshimtoovercomeallsituationswhichmayappear.3.4TodefendthedignityofhumanbeingSantiagohasaconstanttimeofreturninghomewithoutafish,andwillpasshisrecordofeighty-sevendays.Eighty-four-day’sbadluckofSantiagoisashametoamasterfulfisherman,andhasdestroyedhisdignity.Thesailofhisskiffwhichresemblestheflagofpermanentdefeatrevealshisstruggle.Hecatchesahugemarlin,andbreakshisrecordofeighty-sevendaysafterhistiredfightingforthreedays.BecausethehugemarlinisnotstrongmindedasSantiagohimself,hebeginstoloveandrespectit.BothSantiagoandmarlindisplayqualitiesofpride,honor,andbravery.Headmirestheseopponentsfromloveandrespecttoaequationwithdeath,becauseonlytheirdestructioncanconfirmSantiago’sheroicqualities.Heremindshimselfthathedoesn’tkillmarlinsimplyforfood,eventodefendthedignityofhumanbeing.What’smore,heneedstowardoffsharksfromstealinghisprey,eventhoughheknowsthebattleisuseless.Althoughhereturnstheshoreonlywiththeboneofthehugemarlin,hereturnswiththeknowledgeandthespiritofdefendingthedignityofhumanbeing.Herealizesthateverythingkillseverythingelseinsomeway.ThedamageofmarlinisnotadefeatforSantiago;rather,itmakesthosefishermenwholaughsathimrespecthimsomuch.Santiagobelievesthatthedignityisimportantforamanthathewantstodefendthedignityofhumanbeing,nomatterwhattheexpenseis.Mancanlosethebattleinlife,butheachievesamoralsignificancewithhisdignity.Theexperienceoffightingwiththehugemarlinandsharksshowsthespiritofhisdignityandgraceunderpressure.Hewantstoregainhispower,andtodefendthedignityofhumanbeing.IfSantiagoreturnsshorewithintacthugemarlin,theglorywilldisappearimmediately.Santiagoisawinner,becausehebringsouthisstrength,courage,loveandrespect.AlthoughSantiagodestroysattheendofthenovel,butheisneverdefeated.Santiagolosesthegiantfish,themarlinisalsohisgreatestvictory.Whentheoldmanisyoung,hisspiritofdaringtobethenumberonehasbeenaccumulated.Fromthenovel,readerscanseethattheoldmanissoeagertoregainthepower,althoughheisnotstrongerthaneverbefore.Hepursueswhatiscalledaneternalthing—dignityofthehuman.IV.AnalysisofSantiagoisaCodeHero4.1TheformationofCodeHeroHemingway’slifeisfilledwithviolentwar,physicalillness,lonelinessandpoorness.Withthekindoflife,HemingwayoftenusestheimageofCodeHerotoreplacehimself.TheFirstWorldWartotallydestroyspeople’sdreamaswellastraditionalreligiousbelief.Atthattime,thewholeworldofAmericaexperiencedadramaticsocialchange,atransformationfromordertodisorder.Thewaronlybringsviolence,destruction,bloodanddeath,notpeaceanddemocracy.Someintellectualslosethedirection,anddon’tknowwhattodoatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,Hemingwayandsomeadvancedintellectualsjoinedinthewarwiththeidealofsafeguardingtheworldwithpeace.Hemingwayrealizesthecrueltyofthewar,andsteppesoutfromthedestructionandwar.HemingwaytriestodiscoverthenewmeaningtoguidetheirdivingdirectionandadvocatesthatmenshouldhavethespiritofCodeHerotostruggleagainsttheviolentsociety.TheformationofCodeHeroalwaysoriginatestheshadowofruin.AtbeginningCodeHerodoesn’tpresentamatureimageinfrontofreaders,ithasadevelopmentalprocess.ThesunalsorisesisthefirstnovelofHemingway.ThisnoveldescribesthelifeofagroupofBritishandAmericanyouth.JackisanAmericanveteranoftheFirstWorldWarworkingasajournalistinParis,whereheandhisfriendsengageinanendlessroundofdecadentdrinkingandparties.AlthoughJackisthemoststableofhisfriends,hestruggleswithanguishoverhisloveforLadyBrettAshley,hisimpotence,andthemoralvacuumthoseresultsfromthewar.Jack’scharacterrepresentstheLostGenerationanditsunfortunateposition.Insomeimportantways,Jackdiffersthosearoundhim.HeseemsawareofthefruitlessnessoftheLostGeneration’swayoflife.Moreover,herecognizesthefrequentcrueltyofthebehaviorinwhichheandhisfriendsengage.Mostimportant,heacknowledgesthepainthathiswarinjuryandhisunrequitedloveforBrettcausehim.However,thoughJackdoesperceivetheproblemsinhislife,heseemseitherunwillingorunabletoremedythem.ThoughheunderstandsthedilemmaoftheLostGeneration,heremainstrappedwithinit.Jackismostlypassivetobearthedamageofthewarandthepressureoflife.ThepublicationofAFarewelltoArmsmakesHemingwaywinthegreatsuccess.AFarewelltoArmsconcernsitselfprimarilywithwar,namelytheprocessbywhichFredericHenryremoveshimselffromitandleavesitbehind.AyoungAmericanambulancedriverintheItalianarmyduringTheFirstWorldWar,Henrymeetshismilitarydutieswithquietstoicism.Hedisplayscourageinbattle,buthisselfishmotivationsundermineallsenseofgloryandheroism,abstracttermsforwhichHenryhavelittlepatience.Hislifelacksrealpassion,butthereactiontoCatherineBarkleyisratherastonishing.Inthattime,Henrydoesn’tshowtheimageofCodeHero.ThenovelForWhomthebellTollsreflectsSpanishCivilWar.TheheroJordanisdifferentfrompreviousheroes,andhisdeathembodiesthespiritofbeingwillingtosacrificefordemocracy.Infact,hisstruggleisdoomedtofailure.Butthetragicfatecan’tdefeathim,instead,itevokeshisstrongopposition.TheimageofJordanmarksthatCodeHerotrendstobemature.TheoldmanandtheseaisthesummaryofCodeHero,itcomprehensivelyportraystheimageofCodeHero.SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeareachesthesummitoftheCodeHero.4.2TypicalcharactersofCodeHeroHemingwaycreatesagroupofpeoplewithdistinctcharacteristics,whichcombinesthestrongspiritinHemingwayhimselfwiththecharactersoftoughguys.ThisiswhatwecalledtheCodeHero.CodeHeroessharethefollowingcommontypicalcharacteristicsandsimilarattitudestowardsworld.Theyallhavestrongwilltoendurephysicalandemotionalpain,andfacefailurewithdignity.Theyshowthespiritofconfidence,courage,andwisdom,nomatterhowhardtheyfightagainstthetrouble.Thetraitoftypicalcharactersofheroesreflectoutlookandfaithoflifeinpessimisticworld.CodeHeroisnotonlyrelatedtoindividual,butalsogroups.Theyoftenwiththespecializedskills,suchasfishing,bullfighting,andhunting.ThecharactersoftheCodeHerofullyexpressHemingway’spersonality.AccordingtoHemingway,thecharactersofCodeHerocanalwaysrisefromthefailure.Hesuccessfullydemonstrateshowmandefendstheirdignitybystrugglingwithlife,andhowmanshowstheimageofCodeHerobyconfrontinghisdestruction.TheoldfishermanSantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeaistherepresentativeofHemingway’sCodeHero.ThemostimportantthingaboutSantiagoisthathebehavesperfectlyhonorablywiththeirdignityashumanbeingsevenafterbeingdestroyed.ReadersaremadetoidentifytheoutstandingpersonalityinCodeHeroesandareencouragedtodiscoverallthatisimpliedinsociety.4.3TypicalbehaviorsofCodeHeroCodeHeroeshavesomethingincommonthattheyprovetheirpowerandspiritbythetypicalactions.ThesebehaviorsalloriginatefromcharactersofCodeHeroeswhodesiretogetthevictory,andachievetheirgoal.CodeHeroesbehaveandstrugglethebattlewithoutcomplaint,andmostimportantlytheyhavemaximumself-control.Thecertainprinciplesandrulesdominatetheirinnerconflicts,andtheirlife.Theyneverspeakofbeliefs,theyactratherthanargue.AlthoughtheseCodeHeroeshavedifferentlifeexperience,differentidealoflife,butsharethetypicalbehaviorstoadventure.HemingwayandHenry,inAFarewelltoArms,havethesameexperience.Henrythinksthatwarcanbringthepeacetopeople,sohetakescareofwoundedsoldiersandbringsthefoodtothedriver.Whenotherstalksaboutthewar,hefindsitismeaningless,andfeelsinlovewithCatherinekBarley.WhenhereachesSweden,hedoesn’treadnewspapers,andnotpayattentiontothewar.ThetypicalbehaviorsofHenrybecomethefirstCodeHeroinHemingway’sworks.Moreover,JackBarnes,inthesunalsorises,keepshiscompletepersonalityandcriterion.HeisnotthematureCodeHero,buthascouragetofacethelife.InthenovelForWhomthebellTolls,RobertJordanknowsclearlythatdamagingthebridgemaylosehislife,butheadventuresjustforvictoryofwar.Heiscouragetoundertaketheresponsibilityandpainwithoutregret.SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeafurtherrevealsthetypicalbehaviorsofCodeHero.SoCodeHeroesshowextremedeterminationandcourageinfaceofthedefeat,andlivewithgraceunderpressure.V.ThesignificanceofCodeHerotomodernsocietyTheOldManandtheSeasuccessfullycreatestheimageofCodeHero.Theseexcellentqualitieshaveaveryimportantsignificancetomodernsociety.Santiagosayssomewordssuchas:“Butmanisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotbedefeated.”(ErnestHemingway,2005:57)Theyallbecomealotofpeople’smotto.Thetoughguycannotbeseparatedfromsocietyandtheenvironment,andtheycanshowtherealtoughguyqualitiesinspecificenvironmentalorsocialbackground.Therearemanydifferentvaluesinmodernsociety.PeoplecanknowthevaluefromtheimageofCodeHero.TheystillneedthespiritofCodeHerototreatchallengesandinevitablelosseswithoptimisticmanner,infinitewisdom,andstrongwill.Nomatterhowdifficultitis,theycan’tfinishthetaskwithregret.Santiago,theelderlymaninthenovelTheOldManandtheSea,isrespectedbyayoungboy,Manolin,yetheisalsolookeddownuponbymanyofyoungerfishermanintheCubanfishingvillagewherehelives.NomatterSantiago’sstruggleisasuccessorafailure,isalwaysworthyofpeople’srespect.Becausehehastaughtpeoplehowtoreceiveaspiritualvictory,andhowtofacemanydifficultiesinrealisticlife.Thereisstillanenormouslackofrespectfortheolderpeopleinmodernsociety;it’sbecomingworseeveryday.Peopleshouldrealizethatalthoughtheolderpeoplemaynothavegreatphysicalstrength,theystillmakecontributionstosociety.Hemingwayhascontributedtohumanbeingnotonlythelanguagearts,butthemodernwayofexistence.ThespiritofCodeHeroseemslikethebridgestandingintheborderbetweenwesternhumanismandmodernsocialist.AlthoughHemingwaydies,thespiritofCodeHerostillinspiresagenerationafterageneration,andwillbecomeeternal.VI.ConclusionInTheOldManandtheSea,HemingwayvividlycreatestheimageofCodeHero.Throughoutthenovel,Santiagoismadeaheroofcourage,motivation,hope,andconfidence.ManyaspectscanbefoundaboutSantiago’spersonalitymerelybythestruggleofhisthree-dayfightwiththehugemarlin.Santiago’sagedoesnotdeterminethevalueofhislife,buthetrieshisbesttodefendhisdignity,andnevergivesup.Theoldman,Santiago,revealsthespiritof“CodeHero”,whichiseternalvalueofhumanbeing.ThepaperhelpsreaderstorealizetheimageofCodeHeroandfindoutthereasonsofthepopularityofTheOldManandtheSea.Itdoesnotonlyintroduceheroiccharacters,butalsoshowthesocietyandcultureinthatperiod.ItisimportanttounderstandthecharacterofCodeHeroandrealizetherealthemeofnevergivingupinTheOldManandtheSea,eventhetragicfateofHemingway.PeopleshouldnotonlyappreciatethespiritofCodeHero,buttobecomethemanofCodeHero.Peopleshouldhaveagoodevaluationthatthevalueoflifeisnotsuccessorfailure,buttofight.Actuallythewinnertakesnothingbutthesenseofhavingfoughtthestruggletothelimitsofhisstrength,orofhavingshownwhatamancandowhenitisnecessary.Afterhavinggonemanydifficultchallenges,cantheyholdavastamountofknowledgeandexperienceabouttheworldaroundthem.SopeopleneedtolearnSantiago’swisdom,confidence,courage,greatperseveranceandsoon.References:Donaldson,ScottEd.2000.TheCambridgeCompaniontoErnestHemingway.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress&CambridgeUniversityPress.Donald,Miles.1978.TheAmericanNovelintheTwentieth-Century.England:LevidandCharles.Hemingway,Ernest.2007.TheOldManandTheSea.Beijing:BeijingForeignlanguagepress.John,Mccaffery.1950.ErnestHemingway’sTheManandTheSeaandHisWork.NewYork:AvonpressKundera,Milan.1999.TheArtofFiction,Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignlanguageEducationPress.Rohrberger,Mary.1968.AnIntroductiontoLiterature.NewYork:Random.Waldhorn,Arthur.1972.AReader’sGuidetoErnestHemingway.NewYork,FarrarStrausandGirouxReception.董衡馔.海明威研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1980.胡荫桐.美国文学新编[M].北京:外语教育与研究出版社,2001.陶洁主.美国文学选读[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.吴富恒.外国著名文学家评传[M].济南:山东教育出版社,1990.曹济民.试论硬汉子桑亚哥[J].韶通师专学报,1996(18):23-26.纪晓慧.老人与海的人物形象[J].丹东纺专学报,1999(6):35-36.III