第17讲高考阅读难题大综合（细节+主旨+含义）（上）

高考阅读难题大综合(细节+主旨+含义)(上)选自北京高考D篇阅读：•LanguageasaSystemofSymbols•(1)Ofallsystemsofsymbols(符号),languageisthemosthighlydeveloped.Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeings,byagreement,canmakeanythingstandforanything.Humanbeingshaveagreed,inthecourseofcenturiesofmutual(相互的)dependencytoletthethecourseofcenturiesofmutual(相互的)dependency,toletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproducewiththeirlungs,throats,tongues,teeth,andlipssystematicallystandforcertainhappeningsintheir,pyyppgnervoussystems.Wecallthatsystemofagreementslanguage.•(2)Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthat•(2)Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor.Justassocialpositionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornonthehead,bygoldonthewatchchain,orbya,yg,ythousandotherthingsaccordingtotheculturewelivein,sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoisesiiiaccordingtotheculturewelivein.•(3)Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglancetheyare•(3)Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.Symbolsandthethingstheystandforarejygyindependentofeachother,yetweallhaveawayoffeelingasiftherewerenecessaryconnections.Forexample,therearepeoplewhofeelfifithatforeignlanguagesareunreasonablebynature;foreignershavesuchfunnynamesforthings,andwhycan’ttheycallthingsbytheirrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswhoseemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofanycountryunderstandEnglishiftheyshoutloudenough.yygygLikethelittleboywhoisreportedtohavesaid:“Pigsarecalledpigsbecausetheyaresuchdirtyanimals,”theyfeelthatthesymbolisihtl(内在地)tdiithththiblidinherently(内在地)connectedinsomewaywiththethingssymbolized.69Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehuman69.Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehumanbeings______.(简单细节-因果细节)AhavemadeuseoflanguageforcenturiesA.havemadeuseoflanguageforcenturiesB.useournervoussystemstosupportlanguageChavemadevariousnoisesstandforanyeventsC.havemadevariousnoisesstandforanyeventsD.canmakeanythingstandforanythingbyagreement170.WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2?(复杂细节-观点细节)A.Differentnoisesmaymeandifferentthings.B.Ourculturedetermineswhatasymbolstandsfor.C.Thelanguageweusesymbolizesoursocialpositions.D.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.71InParagraph3“takespecialpains”probablymeans“”71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.(词汇含义题)AtryveryhardBtakeourtimeA.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful(3)Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainsactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.72Theexampleofthelittleboyisusedtoshowthat(复杂细节之72.Theexampleofthelittleboyisusedtoshowthat_____.(复杂细节之例子细节)AadultsoftenlearnfromtheiryoungA.adultsoftenlearnfromtheiryoungB.“pig”isadirtywordbecausepigsaredirtyCSymbolsandthethingstheystandforareinherentlyconnectedC.SymbolsandthethingstheystandforareinherentlyconnectedD.peoplesometimeshavewrongideasabouthowlanguageworks选自高考天津D篇•(1)Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.(2)WhikldilbbildblM•(2)Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassivehappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,it’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.2•(3)UnfortunatelypassivelearninghasaseriousproblemItmakesus•(3)Unfortunately,passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor(谣言).()•(4)DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthThltitdthdfdthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.•(5)That’swhathappensindailylifeThesimplefactthatpeoplerepeat•(5)That’swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtopyyjygastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stamping(打上标记)itwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.•(6)Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayitbtdbtthdthitiinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplacedwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.48.Accordingtothepassage,passivelearningmayoccurin_______.A.doingamedicalexperimentB.solvingamathproblemC.visitinganexhibitionD.doingscientificreasoning49.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto_____.AactivelearningBknowledgeA.activelearningB.knowledgeC.communicationD.passivelearning50.TheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat_____.A.amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonB.amessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentwaysC.peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearingD.peopletendnottobelieveinwhattheyknowasrumor3•Photographsareeverywhere.Theydecorate(装饰)thewallsofhomesddiflfdiffdThifilldandareusedinstoresforsalesofdifferentgoods.Thenewsisfilledwithpicturesoffires,floods,andspecialevents.PhotosrecordthebeautiesofnatureTheycanalsobringthingsclosethatarefarawaybeautiesofnature.Theycanalsobringthingsclosethatarefaraway.Throughphotos,peoplecanseewildanimals,citiesinforeignlands,andeventhestarsinouterspace.Photosalsotellstories.(陕西B)•45.Theunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphrefersto.•A.beautiesB.photosp•C.goodsD.events•Firstofall,joggingisveryhardonthebody.Yourlegsandfeettake,jgggyygarealpounding(追击)runningdownaroadfortwoorthreemiles.Idevelopedfoot,leg,andbackproblems.ThenIreadaboutaillfjhdidfhkhiljinationallyfamousjoggerwhodiedofaheartattackwhilejogging,andIhadsomethingelsetoworryabout.Joggingdoesn’tkillhundredsofpeoplebutifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknessesjogginghundredsofpeople,butifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknesses,joggingwillsurelybringthemout,astheydidwithme.(浙江D)•53.Theunderlinedword“them”(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefers53.eudeedwodte(aagap3)ostpobabyeesto_____.•A.heartattacksB.backproblemsp•C.famousjoggersD.physicalweaknesses•AlcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrainAbsorptionrateisincreasedwhenandstartactiononthebrain.Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendrinkingonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinksmixedwithfruitjuice.Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessjgyypanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.(福建A)•57.Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“________”.AlhlBbti•A.alcoholB.absorption•C.bloodD.process•Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.ygGraduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomelhiShidiidlhhldfipeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.Therearepressingcallsontheresources(资源)ofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighUsingtaxpayersmoneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.•1.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2refersto..eudeedwodteaagapeesto________.(北京D-68)•A.taxpayersB.pressingcallspypg•C.collegegraduatesD.governmentresources4七选五•Forgiveness•Toforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy.Wheng,ysomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisinglybfiilhildlhlhPlhfihbeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch71Trythefollowingsteps:recentresearch.71Trythefollowingsteps:•Calmyourself.72Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,orsoetgtatgvesyoupeasue:abeautusceeatue,osomeoneyoulove.•Don’twaitforanapologyManytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoes•Don’twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.73Keepinmindthatforgivenessgypgdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.•Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender(冒犯者).Rethinkingaboutyouhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausesyoupain.Insteadoffiddfliltlkfthlbtfocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.•74Ifyouunderstandyouroffenderyoumayrealizethatheorshe•74Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.yyp•Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.75Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.A.Whyshouldyouforgive?B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.D.Trytoseethingsfromyouoffender’sangle.E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.5