Conversion

Conversion（转换法）ConversionofWordClasses（转换词类）TranslatethefollowingandcomparethepartsofspeechemployedinEnglishandChinese:1.他请求领导分配他到基层去工作。(5verbs)2.你写信叫他派人想办法去了解全部情况。(6verbs)3.我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算账吧。(7verbs)ConversionfromEnglishNounsandAdjectivesintoChineseVerbsandAdverbs（英语名词、形容词转换为汉语动词、副词）Examples:1.Allpeace-lovingpeopledemandthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。（cf.核武器的全面的禁止和彻底的销毁）2.Ford’sfirstpledgewas,“Mr.President,youhavemysupportandmyloyalty.”福特一开始就保证说，“总统先生，我支持你，并效忠于你。”（cf.你有我的支持和我的效忠）3.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。（cf.已经发现宇宙探索的应用）4.For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.过去二十年，我们坐视我们的原料价格下跌，而工业品价格却暴涨。（cf.消极目击者）威胁，强迫实行不平等关系，赤裸裸武装进攻别国领土和肢解别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权和基本人权。Drills1.Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.2.Ihavenointentionofwearyingyouwiththismatter.3.Laserisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears,becauseofitsapplicabilitytomanyfieldsofscienceanditsadaptabilitytopracticaluses.4.Concernforthepreservationofpublicpropertyshouldnotbeconfinedtoprotectingitfromthievesandwreckers.5.Weareenemiesofallaggressivewars.6.ThemassacreoftheRepublicans,andthesubsequentlawofSeptemberagainstthepressandtherightofassociation,werehiswork.7.Nowonderthesightofitshouldsendthememoriesofquiteanumberoftheoldergenerationrushingbackto36yearsago.8.Theremustbeaclearrecognitionoftheprinciplesofequalitybetweenstates.9.Thisdiscoverywasthebeginningofthescienceofaerostatics.10.Suchrocksarethemostsuitableunderground-waterreservoirs.11.Thisshopoffersalargechoiceofhatsandshoes.12.Thepresidentstronglyadvocatedasharpincreaseinthemissileandspaceprograms.(TheMemoirsofRichardNixon)13.Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal.(W.Gallacher:RevoltontheClyde)14.ThetwoleadershadaseriousandfrankexchangeofviewsonSino-U.S.relationsandworldaffairs.(TheSino-U.S.JointCommuniqué,Feb.28,1972)15.ThenegotiationsforaLawoftheSeatreatycametoavirtualconclusionlastweekaftersixyearsofdeliberations.NOTES:*verb+object(动宾结构)*subject+verb(+object)(主谓结构)*structuredenotingactivesense(主动结构)*structuredenotingpassivesense(被动结构)Examples:1.Thankstoherboyfriend’srescue,shecouldreturnhomesafely.幸亏男朋友的救援，她才能安然回家。Shehurriedtoherboyfriend’srescue.她赶快去救男朋友。2.TheAmericanpeopledemandedhisrelease.美国人民要求释放他。Hewonpraiseforhisreleaseoftheprisonersofwar.他因释放了战俘而获得称赞。3.Shedoesn’twanthispraise.她不要他赞美。Shealwayssingshispraises.她老是夸耀他。4.Natureisnotover-mercifulinitstreatmentofdelinquents.大自然对于罪人是不会过于心慈手软的。Areyousatisfiedwithyourtreatment?你对你的待遇满意吗？5.…andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(AbrahamLincoln:TheGettysburgAddress)„„使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。TheAmericangovernmentisaruleofthepeople,bythepeople,fortheboss.(AustenO’Malley)美国的政体是人民为着政党的领袖而统治人民的。Drills（1）PointoutwhichofthewordsinitalicshassubjectivefunctionorobjectivefunctionbymarkingS(主)orO(宾)respectively,andthentranslatethefollowing:1.MyRecollectionsofMr.Brown2.Lincoln’sAssassination3.Hismemoryisverybad.Amonumentisdedicatedtohismemory.4.Hisdrawingsofchildrenareexceptionallygood.Hischildren’sdrawingsareverygood.5.Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.Youngpeople’shighereducationisnowmuchextendedinChina.6.Heturnedhistrialintoamightycondemnationoffascism.7.Thepeoplewillriseupintheirdefenseintheyearstocome.8.Thearrestoftheleaderisarousingtheworkerstowidespreadstrikes.9.Thisisnotacriticismofanyothercountry,neithertheU.S.A.northeU.S.S.R.(AnnaLouisStrong)10.ThepapersaidthatSovietagentshadinfiltratedthethenEgyptiangovernmentandengineeredSadat’soverthrow.11.Theachievementistheadmirationofusall.12.AmericanpublicopinionwasjoltedatthethoughtoftheSovietsincontrolofouterspace.(TheMemoirsofRichardNixon)13.ThePresidentcomplainedabouthispressreviews.(2)HowdoyouintroduceinChineseapersonwhois—1.agoodsailor2.aslowwalker3.aheavysmoker4.abigeater5.agreatbelieverin...6.thegreatestsufferer7.thebestsinger8.agoodswimmer9.agoodloser10.theworstdancer11.anearlyriser12.ahardworker13.afastrunner14.aslicktalker15.awillingworker16.aduelist17.agoodobserver18.agreatjoker19.alightsleeper20.agoodthief21.abadliar22.arapidwriter23.agoodwhistler24.abitofafancier25.agoodlooker26.amastercomplicator27.aloner28.aclock-watcher29.thebesthater30.aworrier31.anidleroraloafer32.agoodworkerEnglishforscienceandtechnologyischaracterizedby,amongotherthings,itsnominalization(名词化结构)Forexample,peopleprefertowrite“Rectificationofthisfaultisachievedbyinsertionofawedge”insteadof“Youcanrectifythisfaultifyouinsertawedge”.Let’sseemoreexamplesandthenecessityoftheconversionfromEnglishnominalstyleintoChineseverbalstyleintranslation.ConversionfromEnglishAdjectivesintoChineseVerbs（英语形容词转换为汉语动词）Examples:1.Sugarandsaltarebothsolubleinwater.糖和盐二者都溶于水。2.Inordertocarrythroughitspoliciesofeconomicdevelopment,peaceisnecessaryforChina.为了执行发展经济的政策，中国需要和平。3.TheRepublicansareout,theDemocratsin.共和党下台，民主党上台。4.Thewholevillagewasastirwiththenews.消息传来，全村轰动。5.Thedesigncalculationswillserveasanillustrativeapplicationofthetheoryofsemiconductordevices.这些设计计算可用来说明半导体器件理论的实际应用。Drills6.SheisfamiliarwithEnglish.7.Iamoutfiftydollars.8.Weseekabetterunderstandingthroughmultiplicationofoureconomic,cultural,scientific,technical,andhumanties.9.InChina’sapproachtorelationswithothercountries,wefindawelcomeemphasisonprinciplesoftheequalityofstatesandrespectfortherightsandviewsofsmallandmiddlepowers.10.Thesearethecorrectideascharacteristicoftheadvancedclass.ConversionfromEnglishPrepositionsintoChineseVerbs（英语介词转换为汉语动词）Examples:1.TheletterIiscommonlyusedforcurrent,Eforelectromotiveforce,Rforresistance.通常用字母I 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示电流，E表示电动势，R表示电阻。2.Capitalistcountriesasarulebuiltuptheirheavyindustrywithfundsobtainedfromabroad,whetherbycolonialplunder,orbyexactingindemnitiesfromvanquishednations,orelsebyforeignloans.资本主义国家建立自己的重工业，通常是利用从外国获得的资金：要么依靠掠夺殖民地，要么依靠勒索战败国人民的赔款，否则依靠外债。3.Ifamancouldn’twalkintoaroomandtellwhowasforhimandwhowasagainsthim,thenhewasn’tmuchofapolitician.(DavidHalberstam:TheBestandtheBrightest)要是一个人不能在一上任就看出谁支持他，谁反对他，那么他就不配搞政治。Drills4.InourviewthismeetinginBeijingcontributessignificantlytowardsthatfuture.5.Aboveall,Chinachallengesallofustobetruetoourselves—tobuildournewsocieties,notonalienformsborrowedindiscriminately,butonourownuniquehistoricalexperiencesandculturalidentities.6.SheescortedtheforeignguestsroundthesightsofGuilin.7.Inhisearlydaysheabandonedmedicineforliterature.8.Chinaemergesstrongerthanever,withmoresolidfoundationsagainstflood,droughtandfamine.(HewlettandNowellJohnson:ToChinaatNinety)ConversionfromEnglishNounsintoChineseAdjectives（英语名词转换为汉语形容词）EnglishnounsderivedfromadjectivesareoftenconvertedintoChineseadjectives.Examples:1.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考在学习中是绝对必要的。（cf.一个绝对的必需）2.Thelowerstretchesofriversshowconsiderablevariety.河流下游的情况是多种多样的。3.Iamaperfectstrangertophysics.90我对物理可一窍不通。4.Allowme,onbehalfofmywife,thedelegationthataccompaniesmeandinmyownname,tosincerelythankyouforthis,andconveytoyouamessageoffriendshipandfraternityoftheentireGuyanesepeople.对此，请允许我以我夫人、陪同我访问的代表团和我本人的名义，向你们表示真诚的谢意，并且向你们转达全体圭亚那人民的兄弟般友好的情谊。Drills5.Ihavefullassuranceofthereliabilityoftheinformation.6.Themeetingwasagreatsuccess.7.Investigationassuredusofthesoundnessoftheplan.8.Icanattesttotheabsolutetruthofhisstatement.9.ItisacertaintythatChinawillbecomeevenstrongerintheyearstocome.10.Hencetheadvisabilityoftryingagain.11.Newtonprovedmathematicallythatthepathofaplanetmustbeanellipse.ConversionfromEnglishVerbsintoChineseNouns（英语动词转换为汉语名词）SometimesitisdifficulttotranslateEnglishverbs.Conversionfromverbsintonounsmaybeawayout.Examples:1.TheGreekword“atom”means“cannotbecut”.希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。（cf.意味着……）2.Mercuryweighsaboutthirteentimesasmuchaswater.水银的比重约为水的十三倍。（cf.称起来为……）3.Wrought-ironbehavesdifferentlyfromiron,whichcontainsalotofcarbon.熟铁的性能不同于含碳量多的生铁。4.10000feetwasreadfromthealtimeter.高度表的读数（指数）是10000英尺。5.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.结果往往是财产遭受损失，生活受到影响。Drills6.Theearthonwhichweliveisshapedlikeaball.7.Theinstrumentischaracterizedbyitscompactnessandportability.8.Theelectriccurrentisdefinedasastreamofelectronsflowingthroughaconductor.9.Hewasapprenticedtoablacksmithwhenhewasonlytenyearsold.10.Thesituationcannotbeotherwisebecauseourfriendshipandcooperationarebasedonourcommonsincereadherencetothefiveprinciplesofpeacefulco-existence.ConversionfromEnglishAdverbsintoChineseNouns（英语副词转换为汉语名词）Examples:1.Theblueprintmustbedimensionallyandproportionallycorrect.蓝图的尺寸和比例必须正确。（cf.在尺寸上和比例上必须正确）2.Thereseemtobenoothercompetitivetechniqueswhichcanmeasurerangeaswellorasrapidlyasalasercan.就测距的精度和速度而论，似乎还没有其他技术可与激光相比。3.Certainlypeopleinenterprisesmustbemathematicallyinformediftheyaretomakewisedecision.91当然，企业管理人员要想作出明智的决策，就必须懂得数学。Drills4.Sodiumisveryactivechemically.5.ThedeviceisshownschematicallyinFig.8.6.ItwasofficiallyannouncedthatthePresidentwouldvisitChinainMay.7.Internallytheearthconsistsoftwoparts,acoreandamantle.ConversionofSentenceMembers（转换句子成分）Examples&Drills4.2GuidedTranslation(1)ObjectsconvertedintoSubjects（宾语转作主语）1.Theearthhastheshapeofaspheroid.地球的形状是椭圆形的。2.Theroadhasanascentoffivedegrees.这条路的坡度为五度。3.Theenginehasgivenaconsistentlygoodperformance.4.Integratedcircuitsofferadvantagesotherthanmerereductioninsize.5.Mostearthquakeshaveafocusinthedepthsof5to50km,butsomehavebeenrecordedatdepthsupto720km.6.Thisdeviceexhibitshighinputimpedance.(2)PrepositionalObjectsconvertedintoSubjects（介词宾语转作主语）1.Heisstrongofwill.他的意志很坚强。2.Withtheintroductionofthenewmethod,theproductsdecreasedincost.引进了新 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，产品的成本降低了。3.WefoundagoodteacherinMr.Brown.4.Whenwaterfreezes,itbecomeslargerinvolumeinsteadofsmaller.5.Itisobviousthatvarioussubstancesdifferwidelyintheirmagneticcharacteristics.(3)PredicativesconvertedintoSubjects（表语转作主语）1.Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace.凡占有空间的都是物质。2.Therotorisawell-designedstructure.3.Rubberisabetterdielectricbutapoorerinsulatorthanair.(4)SubjectsconvertedintoAttributes（主语转作定语）1.Varioussubstancesdifferwidelyintheirmagneticcharacteristics.各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。2.ThedevelopmentofscientificresearchinChinaischaracterizedbytheintegrationoftheorywithpractice.3.Warm-bloodedanimalshaveaconstantbodytemperature.(5)SubjectsconvertedintoObjects（主语转作宾语）1.Hydrogenisfoundinmanycompounds.许多化合物中都有氢。2.Asthematchburns,heatandlightaregivenoff.火柴燃烧时就发出热和光。3.Thereisalimittotheaccelerationahumanbeingcantakewithoutdangertohealth.4.Allsortsofusefulthingscanbeproducedfromcoalandoil.5.Anideacametohim.6.Thepoorwereburdenedwithheavytaxes.(6)AttributesconvertedintoPredicates（定语转作谓语）TheEnglishstructure“Attributes+Noun”isoftenconvertedintotheChinesestructure“Subject+Predicate”soastomaketheChineseversionconciseandidiomatic.ThisisoneoftheimportanttechniquesparticularlytrueofthecaseswhereanEnglishnounismodifiedbymanyattributes.1.Itslimitedthicknessandyouthfulageareotherdiscoveries.它厚度有限，年代短，这是另外两个发现。2.Problemsarisebecausetoomuchwaterortoolittlewateroccursatacertainplaceatacertaintime,andtheseproblemsareincreasinginnumberandmagnitudeeachyear.由于在一定地区和一定时间内出现水量过多或水量过少的现象，水的种种问题就产生了，而这些问题还逐年增多，逐年严重。3.Manyfactorsaffectequipmentreliability.4.Animageisalwaysthesamedistancebehindaflatmirrorastheobjectisinfront;itisalsoofequalsize.5.Thereisalargeamountofenergywastedduetofriction.6.Thewaterrushingdownthepipeandhittingthebladessetsthewheelturning.(7)AdverbialsconvertedintoComplementsinChinese（状语转作补语）1.Theattractiveforcebetweenthemoleculesisnegligiblysmall.分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计（或：是微乎极微的）。2.Nylonisfarstrongerthanrayon.3.Thenumberofmoleculesinanyobjectwecanseeisunimaginablylarge.(8)ObjectsconvertedintoPredicates（宾语转作谓语）1.Physicalchangesdonotresultinformationofnewsubstances,nordotheyinvolveachangeincomposition.物理变化不生成新的物质，也不改变物质的成分。2.Thefollowingprovidesabriefaccountofhowthehumanbodyisbuilt.3.Explosionsonthesunresultinagreatincreaseinultravioletradiation.SpecimenReadingforComments译文赏析HowtoGrowOld(Excerpts)BertrandRussellThebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeath—soatleastitseemstome—istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanksandrushingpassionatelypastbouldersandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwho,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.(FromPortraitsfromMemoryandOtherEssays)怎样才能活得老（节录）罗素克服怕死念头的最好办法，至少在我看来，就是逐步扩大你的兴趣，并使其更加脱离个人所关心的事情，直到禁锢自我的壁垒逐渐步步隐退，直到你的生命越来越同大千世界的生命融合在一起。个人的存在应当像一条河——起初狭小，局限在自己的河岸之间，然后激越地流过巨砾，冲下悬崖。河逐渐越流越宽广，河岸越来越后退，水流也越来越平静，最后和大海融为一体，分不出任何界线，毫无痛苦地失去了自我的存在。如果一个老年人能以这样的态度来看待生命，他就不会怕死，因为他所关心的一切将会继续下去。（译自《记忆中的肖像及其它》）ConversionofImpersonalSubjects（转换非人称主语）ConvertImpersonalSubjectsintoPersonalorOtherSubjects（把非人称主语转换为人称主语或其他主语）Examples:1.Wordsfailme!(=Ican’tdescribeoranswerthat,esp.becauseofsurpriseorshock,LDCE1998:1774)我（惊得/吓得）就是说不出话来！2.Itsimplicationswilldoubtlessescapeyou.(W.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euphony)你很可能看不出它的具体含义。3.SmilesdeckedthefaceofMrs.Bennet.(J.Austen)贝内特夫人满脸笑容。4.Nocomplaintspassedherlips.(A.S.Hornby)她从不抱怨。5.Tomakeherhisqueenneverenteredhismind.(Andersen’sFairyTales:TheLittleMermaid)他从来也没有想到要把她娶为皇后。6.Notasoundreachedourears.(A.S.Hornby)我们没有听到任何声音。7.AmustforallvisitorstoDetroit,“MotorCity,USA”,isavisittoanautomobilefactory.(China•USA•TableTennis)凡是到底特律来的客人，一定会去参观这个“美国汽车城”的汽车工厂。8.WhenDellareachedhomeherexcitementgavewayalittletoprudenceandreason.(O.Henry:TheGifts)德拉到家以后，（她）开始有点由兴奋转向谨慎和理智了。9.Fridaystartedwithamorningvisittothemoderncampusofthe22000-studentUniversityofMichiganinnearbyAnnArbor,wheretheChinesetabletennisteamjoinedstudentsinthecafeterialineforlunchandlaterplayedanexhibitionmatch.(China•USA•TableTennis)星期五那天，中国乒乓球队一早就到安亚伯附近去参观拥有两万两千名学生的密执安大学现代校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队取午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。Drills10.FromthemomentwesteppedintothePeople’sRepublicofChina,careandkindnesssurroundedusoneveryside.(HewlettandNewellJohnson:ToChinaatNinety)11.Mymindmisgavemethatmyneglecthadbeeninexcusable.12.Necessitydrivesmenandanimalstogototheriverorapondtodrinkwater.(I.H.Qureshi:AShortHistoryofPakistan)13.Jessewentout.Thewholeworldbecamegoldenforhim.(AlbertMaltz:TheHappiestManonEarth)14.Anothermajorworryforthenavyisthestateofreadiness.15.Alarmbegantotakeentirepossessionofhim.(VanityFair)16.Alookofpanicandhorrorregisteredonheryoungface.(NancyJ.Rigg)17.TheshockregisteredonEarl’sfaceastheseawatergrabbedhim.(NancyJ.Rigg)18.Myhurtsaremanyanddeep,evennow,triggeredagainbythesoundofnewrainfall.(NancyJ.Rigg)19.Somethinginsidemeseemedtostopmomentarily.(HowardHyman:MaoTsetung,theGuidingForce)20.Thoughhersympathywasdeep,wordsstoppedonherlips.21.ThenextpointinMr.Muller’sstatementinanycaseleavesuswithnodelusionwhatever.22.Agreatelationovercamethem.ConvertImpersonalSubjectsandSplitEnglishSimpleSentencesintoChineseComplexSentences（转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句拆成汉语的复合句）Examples:1.Thesightofatailor-shopgavemeasharplongingtoshedmyrags,andtoclothemyselfdecentlyoncemore.(MarkTwain:TheMillion-PoundNote)我一看到一家服装店，心里就起了一阵强烈的愿望，很想扔掉这身褴褛的衣服，重新穿得像个样子。2.Iamverysorrythatthepressureofotheroccupationshaspreventedmefromsendinganearlierreplytoyourletter.(L.Huxley:LifeandLettersofThomasHenryHuxley)（我因为）近来忙于各种事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。3.Hispresencewouldhaveaddedonlyanotherandneedlessagonytothelastmomentofthedyingman.(NathanielHawthorne)他若在场，也只是给垂死的人在临终时刻多添一阵不必要的痛苦。4.Alackofinformationandformaleducationaltraininghadleftmanypersonswithoutanygeneralizedstandardsofjudgmentapplicabletothisnovelsituation.(HadleyCantrell:TheInvasionfromMars)许多人由于消息不灵通，或者由于没有受过正规的教育训练，因此不能用一般的判断标准去判断这种新奇的现象。5.Mytotalignoranceoftheconnectionmustpleadmyapology.(J.Austen)恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。6.ThecombinationofthisOrientalcity’sgeographyandtheabsenceofimporttaxeshaslongmadeHongKongtheidealstorehousefortransitgoodstoandfromAsia.由于香港地理位置优越，加上免征各种进口税，这个东方城市长期以来成了各种进出亚洲货物的理想中转储运基地。DrillsConverttheimpersonalsubjectsandsplitthesentencesintoChinesecomplexsentencesashintedinthebrackets:1.Thethoughtofhimalwaysfillsmewithstrength.(adverbialclauseoftime)2.Theirstrengthlayonlyinthelackofconsciousnessonthepartofthepeople.(adverbialclauseofresult)3.Agedoesn’tdiminishhisdrive.(adverbialclauseofcause)4.Urgentbusinesspreventedmefromcallingonyou.(adverbialclauseofcause)5.TheAfricanpeople’sdeterminationforpeaceandnationalsovereigntymadeitimpossibleforthemtoregardanysuperpowerastheirfriend.(adverbialclauseofcause)6.LyndonJohnson’sfinalactsasPresidenttooktheAmericanstotheveryedgeofthemoon.(DavidHalberstam:TheBestandtheBrightest)(adverbialclauseoftime)7.HewashuntedbyregionalprejudiceandeventheattainmentofthePresidencydidnottemperhisfeelings.(DavidHalberstam:TheBestandtheBrightest)(adverbialclauseoftime)8.Accurate,legiblenotesareinvaluableaidstothestudentwhoisenrolledinalecturecourse.(GuideforStudyintheU.S.)(adverbialclauseofcondition)9.Theshortgrowingseasonpreventedhimfromseeingmorethanasinglegenerationofnewplantsforhisyear’swork.(adverbialclauseofcause)10.Landingofafewarmouredcolumnsintheoccupiedareaswouldbringmassuprisings.(TheWindsofWar)(adverbialclauseofcondition)ConvertImpersonalSubjectsintoChineseAdverbialsorPrepositionalPhrases（把非人称主语转换成汉语的状语或介词短语）Examples:1.March1940foundmeworkinginasmallconstructionfirm.(J.Austen)1940年3月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。2.Thefortyyears,1840—1880,broughtalmosttenmillionmigrantstoAmerica.(P.Bromhead:LifeinModernAmerica)从1840年至1880年这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。3.NocityonAmericansoilhadknownsuchdestruction.(HermanWouk)在美国国土上，没有一座城市曾经遭受过如此严重的破坏。4.Theyear1959sawthefirstappearanceofarealflyingshipintheworld.1959年，世界上首次出现了一艘真正会飞的船。5.Myfirstexperienceofbottle-feedingalambcametowardstheendoftheseason.(AnnBlackmore)我第一次用奶瓶喂羊羔，是在产羔季节临近结束的时候。6.MyconsciencetoldmethatIdeservednoextraordinarypoliteness.(J.Austen)凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。Drills7.Duskfoundhimcryinginthestreet.8.Aday’sexplorationconvincedhimthatthiswasnotthespot.9.Thelongnegotiationsproducedshiftingandsometimescuriousalignmentsbetweennations.10.MyfirstdayinLondonstartedwithamorningvisittotheBritishMuseum.11.August8dawnedbrightandclear.12.TheWesternDesertwasnoplaceformenwithouttheprotectionofamourandguns.13.Awetdaybringsoutcolorfullightmackintoshes.14.DawnrevealedtheawfulslaughteraroundtheAmericanpositions.15.Thestudents’movementsawthebeginningoftherevolution.16.Investigationledustotheforegoingconclusion.17.ThenewsthatgreetedusinCanton,andourvisitslatertovariousplacesturnedanxietyintojoy.(HewlettandNewellJohnson:ToChinaatNinety)ConvertImpersonalSubjectsandSplitEnglishSentences,SimpleorComplex,intoChineseCompoundorRun-onSentences（转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句）Examples:1.Mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.(NancyRigg)我思绪万千，恍恍惚惚进入了一条条幽暗的通道，回忆起许许多多的往事。心里一阵凄凉，不禁感到毛骨悚然。2.Jane’skindlyandgentlenaturecouldnotbutrevoltathersister’scallousbehavior.(VanityFair)珍妮心地善良，性情温和，对她妹妹这种没有心肝的行为实在看不顺眼。3.Thehappiness—thesuperioradvantagesoftheyoungwomenroundabouther,gaveRebeccainexpressiblepangsofenvy.(VanityFair)丽贝卡看见她周围的小姐那么福气，享受种种权利，却有说不出的眼红。4.ThesatisfactionofMissBennet’smindgavesuchaglowofsweetanimationtoherface.(J.Austen)贝内特小姐心满意足，不禁桃腮泛晕，流露出一丝激动的神情来。5.Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.(Joseph:English3200)我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。6.Itsgleamingsandsandbackdropofpinewoodsanddistanthillslenditapleasantandrestfulatmosphere.这儿沙滩闪烁，松林掩映，远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。Drills7.Mygoodfortunehassentyoutome,andwewillneverpart.(Andersen’sFairyTales:TheLittleMermaid)8.Hiswinnings,atotalof$4404,puthimin160thplaceonthemoneylist.(Reader’sDigest)9.Herdoubtsandterrorsreachedtheirparoxysm.(VanityFair)10.Hiswearinessandtheincreasingheatdeterminedhimtositdowninthefirstconvenientshade.(NathanielHawthorne:DavidSwan)11.Afewstepsacrossthelawnbroughtmetoalarge,splendidhotel.12.MyhungerandtheshadowstogethertellmethatthesunhasdonemuchtravelsinceIfellasleep.13.ThecharacteristicsofhisfamilyclaimsomeattentionfromallwhowouldunderstandNapoleonandtheinfluencewhichhewastowieldovermodernEurope.(H.Rose:TheLifeofNapoleon)ConvertImpersonalSubjectsintoChinese“Extra-positionElements”（把非人称主语转换成汉语的外位成分，汉语的主语用“这”来代称这个外位成分）Ex