新视角研究生英语读说写2课后答案

新视角研究生英语读说写2课后答案新视角研究生英语读说写2课后答案PAGE/NUMPAGESPAGE/NUMPAGES新视角研究生英语读说写2课后答案新视角研究生读说写2课后答案UnitoneVocabularyA1.triggered2.economically3.minimum4.commitment5.relieved6.shrinking7.enrollments8.scarcely9.sequence10.strideB1-5ADBCB6-10ACACDCloze1.requires2.dimensional3.thoughtfully4.lines5.next6.summarize7.own8.notes9.out10.refuse11.front12.content13.act14.value15.accent16.distracting17.effort18.advantage19.forth20.conclusionsTranslation1.那位教授很可能在他独一的学生缺席的状况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。Theprofessormightprobablyhavedeliveredhislecturetotheemptyclassroomintheabsenceofhissolitarystudent.现行的教育系统遇到了民众的责备，民众已经开始意识到这类系统给学生带来的危害。Thepresenteducationalsystemhasbeenunderattackfromthepublic,whohavebeguntorealizetheharmthesystemhasdonetostudents.老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是一定要听的。Theprofessortoldthoseseniorsthathewouldtakeattendanceeverytimebecauseattendanceatthiscoursewascompulsory.4.我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。可是很对不起我没法去,因为我有一大堆事情要做。I’dlovetogotoyourhousewarmingparty,butI’msorryIcan’tmakeitbecauseI’vegotastackofth中学辍学的年轻人能够上夜校或经过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。Youthswhodroppedoutofmiddleschoolcanresumetheirstudiesatnightschoolorthroughtelevisionandcorrespondencecourses.她不喜爱那位有名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后获取他的署名仍是耐着性子听完了。Shedidn’tlikethefamouswriter’slecture,butshestuckitouttogetthewriter’sautographaftert我对讲座制所表现的冷淡无情特别绝望，可是最后我仍是无奈接受了它，并耐心等候成为大三的学生。Iwasdisappointedattheimpersonalityofthelecturesystem,buteventuallyIgrewresignedtothesystemandwaitedpatientlytobecomeajunior.我们不得不认可讲座系统会把教师和学生天真的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 隔断开来，而这些问题很可能会惹起学生好多实用的想法。Wehavetoadmitthatthelecturesysteminsulatesateacherfromstudents’naiveequestions,triggeredwhichalineofcouldhavusefulthought.我不一样意那些议论家的建议。你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。对我而言，这些结论很有道理。Idon’tagreewiththosecritics’opinions.Yourconclusionsarefarfromworthless;theymakeagooddealofsensetome为了学生自己的缘由，应当在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的， 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 以及要经过这门课的要求。Forthesakeofthestudents,theyshouldbetoldonthefirstclassabouttheobjectiveandcontentofthecourseandtherequirementstopassthecourse.Oneproblemwithlecturesisthatlisteningintelligentlyishardwork.Readingthesamematerialinatextbookisamoreefficientwaytolearnbecausestudentscanproceedasslowlyastheyneedtountilthesubjectmatterbecomescleartothem.Evensimplypayingattentionisverydifficult;peoplecanlistenatarateoffourhundredtosixhundredwordsaminute,whilethemostimpassionedprofessortalksatscarcelyathirdofthatspeed.Thistimelagbetweenspeechandcomprehensionleadstodaydreaming.Manystudentsbelieveyearsofwatchingtelevisionhavesabotagedtheirattentionspan,buttheirrealproblemisthatlisteningattentivelyismuchharderthantheythink.(Para.9)听授课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生能够依据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。有时甚至不过做到专心听讲都很难。人们能够以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富裕激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。发言和理解之间的时间差致使开小差。好多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。可是他们真切的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。Lectureswillneverentirelydisappearfromtheuniversityscenebothbecausetheyseemtobeeconomicallynecessaryandbecausetheyspringfromalongtraditioninasettingthatvaluestraditionforitsownsake.Butthelecturestoofrequentlycomeatthewrongendofthestudents’educationalduringcareersthefirsttwo—years,whentheymostneedclose,evenindividual,优选instruction.Iflectureclasseswererestrictedtojuniorsandseniors,whoarelessinneedofscholarlynurturingandmoreabletoprepareworkontheirown,theywouldbefarlessdestructiveofstudents’interestsandenthusiasmsthanthAfterall,studentsmustlearntolistenbeforetheycanlistentolearn.(Para.15)授课这一方式不会完整从大学消逝。一是因为授课仿佛从经济上是必需的，二是授课发源于悠长的传统，并且人们又把传统自己看得很重。可是，授课往常出此刻学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要亲密的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。假如授课这一形式限制于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热忱的损坏力会比目前的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，并且更有能力自己拟订学习 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。毕竟，学生在能够从听授课中学到知识从前一定先要学会去听。UnittwoVocabularyA1.studded2.mischief3.evoked4.tyranny5.humdrum6.prelude7.frugal8.frail9.treacherous10.foraysB1-5BCCAD6-10ACBADClozeboarders2.build3.extended4.right5.regular6.familiar7.by8.homely9.mobile10.maintaining11.keep12.even13.well14.touch15.closer16.fewer17.sense18.step19.waiting20.imaginationTranslation[A]1.这一地区的每一角落都将在5年内获取供电,这是电力部长2年前许下的誓言。Everynookandcorneroftheregionwouldbeprovidedwithelectricityinfiveyears.Thiswasthepledgethattheministerofelectricityhadtakentwoyearsago.因为要在不一样地区做实地观察工作,他昨年一年搬了4次家，固然他每次都搬得很不宁愿。Inordertodofieldworkatdifferentplaces,hemovedfourtimeslastyear,thougheachtimehediditwithanillgrace.3.在走开这个凌乱无序、毒品充满的小镇前，他把自己全部值钱的家产都放到一同并按必定的次序寄存了起来。Beforeleavingthisdisordered,drug-riddensmalltown,hegatheredtogetherinoneplaceallhisvaluablepossessionsandintroducedsomesemblanceoforderamongthem.4.她小时候家境贫穷，没有几件对她来说存心义的东西,所以她拥有过的每一个玩具都能勾起她串串回想。Herfamilywaspoorwhenshewasachild.Thethingsthatmatteredagreatdealtoherwereveryfew.Therefore,everytoyshehadplayedwithcouldevokearushofmemories.5.整整一个小时，警察们在拥堵的楼群里困难地前进，找寻一位射杀了5人的外逃持枪者。Foranhour,policementhreadedtheirwaythroughthecrowdedbuildings,lookingforanelusivegunmanwhohadshotfivepeople.6.对好多人来说，旅游或离家出门一段时间是应付平时单一无聊生活的一个有效手段。Formanypeople,travelingorstayingawayfromhomeforsometimeisaneffectiveantidotetothehumdrumactivitiesofeverydaylife.7.此刻妇女比从前享有更为自由、独立的地位，所以她们愈来愈不肯意屈服于丈夫的专横残忍。Womentodayenjoyafreer,moreindependentpositionthaneverbefore,andareaccordinglylessandlesswillingtosubmittothetyrannyoftheirhusbands.8.心绞痛经常是心脏病的先兆，需要特别治疗，主若是药物治疗。Anginapectorisisoftenapreludetoaheartattackandrequiresspecialtreatment,primarilywithdrugs.9.我们决定挖空这些大圆木，以便更多的人能坐在里面并乘坐他们顺河而下。Wedecidetohollowoutthegreatlogssothatmoremencouldsitinsidethemandrideinthemdowntheriver.这场大火把宫殿里全部东西都毁掉了。没有一件华美的镶嵌着金银的家具幸存下来。Thefiredestroyedeverythinginthepalace.Nothingofthemagnificentfurniture,studdedwithgoldandsilver,hassurvived.Mostofusassociateverystronglywiththeplaceofourbirthortheplacewehavelearnedtocallhome.Itcanhurtverymuchnottobeabletogotherephysicallyinordertofeelsecure.我们大多半人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方密切相联。不可以回家以获取安全感是令人难过的。Otherstudentsareveryexcitedinthebeginningonlytofind,afterseveralweeks,thattheyarestartingtomisswhatwasfamiliarandwishforavisitwithfriendsandfamily.优选其余学生一开始很喜悦，几周后却发现自己开始思念所熟知的事物，并希看见到朋友和家人。Homesicknesscanstrikeanyofuswhenwehavemovedtonewsurroundingsandarebeingcalledupontomeetourneedsinadifferentwayandwithdifferentpeople.当我们搬家到新的环境，需要以不一样方式与不一样的人交往以知足自己的需要的时候,我们每一个人都会有想家的感觉Sometimesitcanbecomeamoreseriousdepressionifthepersoncannotbegintomeethis/herneedsforloveandbelongingwithnewpeople.有时,假如这个人开始对爱的需要不可以获取知足，想融入新集体的梦想又不可以实现,那么想家便可能会致使更严重的忧郁症。Often,homesicknessisanotherwayofsayingwearescaredtofacethefuture,orthatwe’redoubtingo往常,想家是另一种表示我们惧怕面对将来或思疑自己应付能力的方式。UnitthreeVocabularyA1.prime2.components3.derived4.biodiversity5.monoculture6.uncounted7.multiplied8.captivity9.legislation10.conservationB1-5ACDBD6-10ACBBDCloze1.contain2.isolation3.different4.only5.major6.urban7.natural8.native9.extensively10.dramatic11.extinction12.contributed13.numerous14.developing15.important16.storing17.maintains18.view19.survive20.claimTranslation[A]1.由生物多样性的丧失而惹起的对人类和地球的威迫和由天气变化所带来的危险相同大。Thethreattohumanityandtheplanetposedbybiodiversitylossisasgreatasthedangerspresentedbyclimatechange.收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关怀的信，并咨询他们能帮助做什么，我们老是很快乐。Wearealwayshappytohearfromyoungreadersexpressingconcernforanimalsincaptivityandaskingwhattheycandotohelp.这两个最流行的理论都认为恐龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。Thetwomostpopulartheoriesbothsaythatdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheearth’satmosp4.这场丛林大火最后被消防队所控制住了，花销快要50万美元。Theforestfirewasfinallybroughtundercontrolbythefire-fightingcrewsatacostofnearlyhalfamilliondollars.5.植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。Plantrootscanholdthesoilinpositionandpreventitfrombeingwashedawaybytherainwater.健康的生态系统以能源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可连续更替为特色。Healthyecosystemsarecharacterizedbysustainableturnoversofenergy,nutrients,organicmatterandwater.7.在世界野生动物基金会一份新的 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 中，科学家警示说全世界变暖可能在此后20年中灭绝北极熊。InanewreportbytheWWF,scientistshavewarnedthatglobalwarmingcouldkilloffpolarbearswithinthenext20years.犁过的地对流水没有防备能力，因此宝贵的表土经常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。Plowedfieldsdon’tnyhaveprotectionaagainstrunningwater,andoftenthevaluabletopsoiliscarriedawayduringheavyrainsorfloods.这个花园比前两天要寂静多了，但四周仍是有好多各式各种的鸟。Thegardenwasconsiderablyquieterthanithadbeentheprevioustwodays,buttherewerestillagoodvarietyofbirdsaround.10.只管有不一样的估计，但整体上人们认为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大概30%到40%是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。Whileestimatesdiffer,itisgenerallybelievedthataround30%–40%oftheactiveingredientsusedinmodernmedicinesarederivedfrom,orrelatedto,plants.Oneofthesereasonsisthateachlife-formoccupiesaspecialplacewithinitsecosystem—thatis,itscommunityofplantandanimallife,incombinationwiththenonlivingcomponentsofitsenvironmentsuchastheclimate,soil,water,andair.Forinstance,withinaforestthelargertreesdropofflittletwigsanddebris,makingalayerthatholdswaterinthesoilforotherplantstouse.Therootsholdthesoilandpreventitfromwashingawayinrainstorms.Whetherlivingordead,thetreeprovides优选shelterforanimalsandbirdsandfoodforinsects.Asthedeadtreerotsaway,itenrichesthesoiloftheforestfloor,enablingotherplantstospringupinitsplace.Suchlargetreesareanexampleofwhatwecallkeystonespecies;iftheydisappearedfromtheirecosystem,theconsequenceswouldbefeltthroughoutthecommunityofotherspecieslivingintheforest.keystonespeciesislikeadrillaccidentallystrikingapowerline,says”biologistEdwardWilsonofHarvardUniversity.“Itcauseslightstogooutallover.Duringthe”currentsixthgreatextinction,threespeciesoflife-formsaredyingouteveryhour,or74perday,whichequals27,000eachyear.Someofthese—andwedon’eventknowwhichones—areundoubtedlykeystonespecies.(Para.8)原因之一是,每个物种在它所处的由全部动植物和无生命的天气、土壤、水和空气等构成的生态系统中都据有一个特别的地位。比如,在丛林中，较高的树掉下的残枝在土壤中形成一个水份保持层，供其余植物利用。它们的根能够固定土壤，防备土壤被暴雨冲走。不论是活树仍是枯树都能够为动物和鸟供给栖息地，为昆虫供给食品。枯树腐化此后还可以肥饶丛林的土壤，得以使其余植物从原处拔地而出。这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种;假如它们从生态系统中消失,后来果会遍布全部居住在丛林的其余物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊说：“一个主要物种的消逝就像钻头不测处钻断电线，致使四周断电。”在目前第六次“大灭绝”期间,每小时均匀有三个物种灭绝，也就是每日有74个物种灭绝,每年共计达27,000个。此中有些物种——固然我们不确立是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。UnitfourVocabularyA1.institutional2.burgeoning3.envision4.marginal5.encompass6.outsource7.prowess8.shunned9.assimilating10.forgoB1-5BCADA6-10BDCCACloze1.previous2.created3.traits4.giving5.include6.to7.face8.when9.waste10.with11.offer12.seriously13.fluid14.rigid15.play16.initiative17.for18.assure19.stay20.aloneTranslation1.经过五年的实践,他此刻对同国际投资和贸易有关的法律事务已很内行了。Havingpracticedforabout5years,heisnowadeptatlegalissuesrelatingtointernationalinvestmentandtrade.依据一项检查，X一代对退休后依赖社会保障持思疑态度。和前辈们对比，他们早已开始在为退休而省钱了。Accordingtoasurvey,GenXersareskepticalaboutrelyingonSocialSecuritywhentheyretire.Theybegansavingforretirementearlycomparedwiththeirpredecessors.经过这类轻松舒坦的脚摩治疗，你白日全部的烦忧压力好象都消逝了。Allthecaresandstressesofyourdayseemtofadeawayundertherelaxingandcomfortabletreatmentoffootmassage.研究表示大多半职工都很看重他们卓有收效的工作能够获取认同或欣赏。Studiesshowthatmostemployeesplaceahighvalueonbeingrecognizedorbeingcomplementedforajobwelldone.急诊室里挤满了来看常有病的病人，因为他们没有固定的医生。Emergencyroomswerecloggedwithpatientswhocamefortreatmentofrelativelyroutinemedicalproblemsbecausetheydidn’thavearegulardoctor.任何一个试图训练或帮助一名新技术经理转变角色成为领导的人都能够从这本书中获取实用的想法。Anyonetryingtocoachorhelpanewtechnicalmanagermakethetransitiontoaleadershiprolecangetusefulideasfromthisbook.7.大多半时候假如你走捷径达成一个项目，结果则需要你做一些修理工作,而其所花的时间会是你走捷径所省下的时间的两倍。Mostofthetimewhenyoutakeashortcutforcompletingaprojectyouwillendupdoingsomerepairworklaterthatwilltakedoublethetimeyousavedbytheshortcut.那些不可以在个人和职业生活之间设置合理界线的职工是不可以理解生活和工作的意义的。Employeeswhofailtosetappropriateboundariesbetweentheirpersonalandprofessionalliveswillnotbeabletounderstandthemeaningoflifeandwork.这一运动的目的是训练人们在面对危险时有序而职业地作出反响。Thepurposeoftheexercisewastotrainstafftoreactinadisciplinedandprofessionalmannerwheninthepresenceofdanger.10.大多半X一代人都有放弃职业发展而花销更多时间来陪老婆和孩子的梦想,特别是在他们孩子还小的那几年。优选MostGenXershavethedesiretoforgocareeradvancementformoretimewiththeirwifeandchildren,especiallyintheearlyyearsoftheirchildren’slives.[B]GenXers,ontheotherhand,watchedthesacrificesthattheirparentsmadetomoveupthecareerladder,onlytobemetwithmassivelayoffsinAmericancorporations.但是，X一代人目击了他们的父亲母亲为了职业荣膺而做出牺牲，结果却遭受了美国企业的大批减员。Thesedifferentperspectivescanoftenleadtoclashesintheworkplace.Eachgroupispronetogeneralizationsabouttheother.这些不一样的看法视角经常致使工作中的矛盾。他们相互都易于把对方看法化。GenXersseenoreasontopaytheirduesbecausetheycangetthejobdonebetterandfasterandstillhavetimefortheirlifestylesandfamily.一代人认为自己没有原因要尽责苦干，因为他们能把工作做得又好又快，并且仍有时间来休闲和陪同家人。Somewouldsaytheonlysolutionisthelegalsystem,whereage-biaslawsuitsmayriseasboomersage.有人会说独一的解决方法是经过司法系统，因为跟着婴儿潮期间的人不停变老，与年纪鄙视有关的诉讼可能会增添。Buthistorywillrepeatitselfasthebabyboomersleavetheworkforce,theGenXersrisetopowerandgenerationYemployeescomeonthescene.可是，历史就是这样循还来去—跟着婴儿潮期间出生的人开始退休，X一代开始掌权，Y一代开始步入社会。UnitsixVocabulary1.deplored2.pervades3.requisite4.workaholics5.hereditary6.extravagant7.crave8.mania9.one-upmanship10.overwhelmB1-5CBDBA6-10DCBACCloze1.probing2.factors3.degree4.afford5.extra6.average7.complicated8.skyrocket9.static10.boost11.colleague12.seek13.accept14.rate15.close16.aspiration17.beyond18.size19.fail20.satisfyingTranslation[A]1.在追求幸福的过程中，人们注定要遭到很多挫折。Peoplearepreordainedtosuffermanyfrustrationsintheirquestforhappiness.美国是一个壮心勃勃的民族。各行各界的人们都面对着力争鹤立鸡群的激烈竞争压力。Americanisanambitiousnation.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifefacethepressureoffiercecompetitiontoexcel.当日买卖股票谋利是一种危险的谋财之道。Daytradingisadangerouswayoftryingtomakeafortune.数百万人怀着暴发致富的想象花销买彩票。Millionsofpeoplehaveafantasyaboutgettingrichquickandspendmoneyonlotteries.人们担忧假如军备比赛失控，世界形势将进一步恶化Thereisafearthatifthearmsracegetsoutofhand,theworldsituationwillbeworseoff.为了保护自己免遭失败的难过就放弃自己的志向是不理智的。Itisnotsensibletogiveupone’sownambitioninordertoshieldoneselffromthebitternessoffailure.很多人拼死挣钱，因为金钱能够买到大房屋、小汽车、大屏幕电视以及其余被认为代表地位和身份的花费品。Manypeoplestraintoearnmoneybecausemoneycanbuybighouses,cars,big-screenTVsandotherconsumerproductswhichareconsideredsymbolsofstatusandidentity.为了实现我们的志向而努力奋斗是值得的。Itpaystoexertourselvestofulfillourownambitions.十年前大多半中国人还买不起的手机此刻已成为很普及的生活必需品。Thecellphone,whichwasbeyondthereachofthemajorityoftheChinesepeopleadecadeago,hasnowbecomeawidelyowneddailynecessity.自从获取了荣膺此后，她就表现得自视过高。可是在我看来，她只可是是个不足挂齿的小人物。Sheactsasifsheweresomeonesinceshewaspromoted.Buttome,sheisamerenobody.[B]AmbitionisoneofthoseRorschachwords:defineitandyouinstantlyrevealagreatdealaboutyourself.1)Eventhemostneutralofworks,Webster’s,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,givesitselfaway,definingambitionfirstandforemosta优选“anardentdesireforrank,fame,orpower.”即便是最中立的著作《韦伯斯特字典》也裸露了它自己的追求目标，它在其新大学版第七版中将壮心第一定义为“一种追求地位、荣誉或权益的热切欲念”。Ardentimmediatelyassumesaheatincommensuratewithgoodsenseandstability,andrank,fame,andpowerhavecomeunderfairlyheavyattackforatleastacentury.“热切”这个词马上表现出与理智的判断和沉着的心态所不相当的热忱情绪，而地位、荣誉和权益也在起码长达一个世纪的时间里向来遇到相当剧烈的抨击。Onecan,afterall,beambitiousforthepublicgood,forthealleviationofsuffering,fortheenlightenmentofmankind,但是毕竟一个人能够发奋于促使公共的利益，减少人们的难过，或是启示人类的思想。Thefamilywouldbecomesuperfluousasasocialunit,withallitsformerpowerforbringingaboutneurosisdrainedaway.家庭将成为剩余的社会单位，不再拥有从前能够带给人们忧虑和惧怕的力量。Longevitywouldbeincreased,forfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbytumultuousendeavor.人们的寿命将会延伸，因为愈来愈少的人会死于由拼死工作而惹起的心脏病和中风。Unit7Translation[A]1.美国人盼望新的未开发地带，在那边他们能够挣脱任何约束，逍遥自在。Americanshankerafternewfrontierswheretheycanbefreeofanyconstraintsandbethemselves.令年轻人向往的正是在网上冲浪时获取的那种自由的感觉。Whatcapturesyoungpeople’simaginationispreciselythesenseoffreedomtheygetwhilesurfingtheInternet.3.不论种族、文化和社会经济地位，每一个人都能够在网络空间找到一个由与自己志趣相投的人所构成的社区。TheRegardlessoftheirrace,cultureandsocioeconomicstatus,everyonecanfindacommunityoflikemindedpeopleincyberspace.虚构社区宁愿由自己而不是由世俗政府成立和履行社区行为规范。Virtualcommunitiesprefertosetandenforcecommunitystandardsbythemselvesratherthanbytheterrestrialgovernment.5.网络空间近似于现实世界，包含从购物中心、学校区到红灯区等各种各种的地方。YouthswhodroppedoutofmiddleCyberspaceisakintotheterrestrialworld,whichincludesvariousplacesrangingfromshoppingmalls,schooldistrictstored-lightzones.只有知足自己成员需要的网络社区才能够繁华兴盛。Onlycyberspacecommunitiesthatcatertotheneedsoftheirmemberswillprosper.7.跟着远距离通讯技术的发展，世界不久将结合成为一个地球村。Withthedevelopmentoftelecommunicationstechnology,theunionoftheworldintoaglobalvillageisathand.免费下载知识财富在互联网使用者中十分广泛。ItisprevalentamongInternetuserstodownloadintellectualpropertiesforfree.9.互联网上的议论组主持人的职责是防备广告和没关信息进入论坛。ThejobofthemoderatorofadiscussiongroupontheInternetistokeepoutadvertisementsandunrelatedmaterialsoftheforum.言论自由的拥戴者常常冒然判定任何形式的政府管理都将阻碍他们的自由。Advocatesoffreespeechtendtojumptotheconclusionthatanyformofgovernmentregulationwillinterferewiththeirfreedom.What’suniqueaboutcyberspaceisthatitliberatesusfromthetyrannyofgovernment,whereeveryonelivesbytheruleofthemajority.Inademocracy,minoritygroupsandminoritypreferencestendtogetsqueezedout,whethertheyareminoritiesofraceandcultureorminoritiesofindividualtaste.网络空间的特别之处在于，它把我们从一定依照大多半人拟订的规则而生活的政府专制中解放出来。在民主国家中，少量派和少量人的偏好常常会遇到排斥，不论他们是少量民族和文化仍是少量人拥有的个人喜好。Cyberspaceallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish;incyberspace,communitiesarechosenbytheusers,notforcedonthembyaccidentsofgeography.Thisfreedomgivestherulesthatpresideincyberspaceamoralauthoritythatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon’thave.可是在网络空间，任何大小和类其余社区都能繁华发展；在网络空间，用户自由选择自己的社区，而不是依照地区的有时要素将社区强加给用户。这类选择的自由给予主持网络空间的规章制度以一种道德威望，而这类威望是陆地环境优选中的规章制度所不具备的。Mostpeoplearestuckinthecountryoftheirbirth,butifyoudon’tliketherulesofacyberspacecommunity,youcanjustsignoff.Loveitorleaveit.Likewise,ifparentsdon’tliketherulesofagivencyberspacecommunity,theycanrestricttheirchildren’saccesstoit.(Para14)大多半人被困于自己出生的国家没法脱身。但是假如你不喜爱某个网络社区的规章，你能够退出。要么喜爱它，要么走开它。相同的，假如父亲母亲们不喜爱某个网络社区的规章，他们能够限制自己孩子与它接触。What’slikelytohappenincyberspaceistheformationofnewcommunities,freeoftheconstraintsthatcauseconflictonearth.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,we’llhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmembers’inclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse’s.能够料想在网络空间将会形成不受那些在地球上致使矛盾的各种拘束的新社区。我们不会成立一个地球村，那不过一个美好却难以实现的梦想。我们将创建另一个由很多能知足其成员的意向同时又不阻碍别人意向的独立自主的社区构成的世界。Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.Incyberspace,we’llbeabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned—intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein;otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother.社区管理方式的真切市场化演变马上成为可能。在网络空间，我们将能够经过试验和改良规章制度来管理那些需要管理的——知识财富、内容和使用限制、对于隐私和言论自由的规则。有些社区将赞同任何人加入，有些将只赞同切合这类或那种条件的成员加入。Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).Thosethatcan’tsurvive—eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff—willsimplywitheraway.(Para15)那些能够自我保持、自我完美的社区将会鼎盛起来（并且或许会壮大并分裂为一个个依照更为详细的兴趣和身份而成立的分社区）。而那些不可以生计的社区——或是因为人们对它们失掉了兴趣或是因为人们被吓跑了——则将逐渐萎缩并消逝。Unit8Translation1.一个懒散的人简单才情枯竭，因为他总不用脑考虑。Alazypersonisapttogethismindimpoverishedbecausehedoesn’tmakeuseofhisintelligenceallthetime.看到这张照片，我忧如回到了无牵无挂的学生时代。Thisphotoconjuresupmemoriesofmycarefreeschooldays.他意识到他已经被大家产作是打杂跑腿的了。Herealizesnowhe’sbeentypecastasanexecutiveerrandboy.这个协会的目标就是为了让传统的家具设计技艺永久流传。Thegoaloftheassociationistoperpetuatetheskillsoftraditionalfurnituredesign.偏见经过用巨大的、能够鉴其余剪图来掩饰这个纷乱喧杂的大千世界，并以此来减少我们的脑力劳动。Stereotypeseconomizeonourmentaleffortbycoveringuptheblooming,buzzingconfusionwithbigrecognizablecutouts.6.真切的改变是一个漫长的过程：现实的点点滴滴汇入我们的脑海，直到它们逐渐带有模糊不清的生活实质。Thetrueprocessofchangeisaslowonethataddsbitsandpiecesofrealitytothepicturesinourheads,untilgraduallytheytakeonsomeoftheblurrinessoflifeitself.这位有名的女演员告诉记者说她在成名前特别快乐。Thefamousactresssaidtothereporterthatshewasperfectlyhappyuntilfamewasthrustuponher.8.他的一个好友警示他，假如他连续买些没用的东西就有破产的危险。Oneofhisintimatefriendswarnshimthatheisindangeroflosingallhismoneyifhecontinuestobuyuselessitems.9.经过对这个项目各个方面的认真研究，他们发现成功达成的可能性极大。Havingdelveddeeplyintoallaspectsoftheproject,theyfindthatthereiseveryprospectofsuccess.他们记得的是全班最不听话的坏孩子犯了错误，因为在记忆中他们是少量不合群的学生。优选Itwastheunpopularmembersoftheclass—the“badguys”—theyrememberedasbeingoutofstep.[B]Whenwejudgepeopleandgroupsbasedonourprejudicesandstereotypesandtreatthemdifferently,weareengagingindiscrimination.当我们以偏见和偏见来判断一个人或一群人并所以采纳不一样的对待方式，我们就是鄙视。Wemaycreatesubtleorovertpressureswhichwilldiscouragepersonsofcertainminoritygroupsfromlivinginaneighborhood.Womenandminoritieshavebeenvictimizedbydiscriminationinemployme