[最新]英语长难句翻译

[最新]英语长难句翻译 32. If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue , it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 【词汇突破】diversity 多样性 differ 不同(不及物动词):例.Tastes differ.萝卜青菜各有所爱。 outlook 世界观 values 价值观 【主干识别】it would open up its diversity program and look for reporters.并列动词 【其他成分】If this group did notice the real difference 状语从句;now focused narrowly on race and gender 过去分词作状语;who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 定语 从句作后置定语。 【难点揭秘】后置定语过长，影响对并列动词的识别造成阅读的难点。 56. Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest. 【词汇突破】imperative 必须的，必须做的事，原则(常见的是形容词性，但是这里是名 词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示必须做的事) commanding 急迫的，紧迫的 urge 敦促relief 援助 【主干识别】there is no more commanding moral imperative 【其他成分】for people in the west 状语;than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest状语。 【微观解析】句中的比较对象为:any moral imperative 和to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest 比较内容为: commanding 急迫; 比较结果为:to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest最为急迫. 【难点解析】确定出比较的三要素是这个句子理解的难点，加上no以后就确定出than之 后的内 15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 【词汇突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼; disregard 抛弃，丢弃 irrelevant 不相干 instantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的 【主干识别】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词glimpse和disregard 【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修饰 the 98percent; focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语作状语，focus 的 动作发出者就是句子主语human mind。 【微观解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 为focus on 的并列宾语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列在主句中出现;而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语; 【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98, 的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可 疑的脸。 16. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 【词汇突破】reveal 揭露 constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位 【主干识别】A comparison reveals not…but also …主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of British geological publications定语修饰comparison, over the last century and a half定语修饰publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语 【微观解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修饰emphasis; research修饰definition ; what 引导一个宾语从句作of 的宾语，what为宾语从句中的主语。 【难点揭秘】出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从句，这样就增加了句子 的复杂性，并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。 45.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 【词汇突破】discrimination:歧视 alphabet:字母表 【主干识别】This refers to discrimination against those加定语从句 【其他成分】for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage:插入语，可改写为:for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet理解起来会方便很多;as yet至今;whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet定语从句。 【微观解析】若是对于句中的插入语理解起来有困难，不妨试着改变它的句式结构，将长定 语还原为定语从句，而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，使文章的句式更加灵活多变。 【难点揭秘】较长插入语的出现会混淆视听，不容易把握主干。 5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 【词汇突破】steer 指挥，控制 precise 精确的 【主干识别】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构 【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the language;such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语;形容词短语 做后置定语修饰the language 33.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. 【词汇突破】head-scratching:令人头疼的 puzzlement困惑 【主干识别】This project has turned out to be findings 加上后面一系列的对于findings的修饰。 【其他成分】sad to say 插入语，遗憾的说。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement 非谓语结构做定语(这里修饰的是findings);about what in the world those readers really want.定语从句修饰puzzlement;in the world 做插入语。从句的主干为:what those readers really want. 【微观解析】factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes。这个并列结构是factual errors 和spelling and grammar mistakes的并列。combined with 相当一个连词。 【难点揭秘】非谓语结构的加入会导致解析起来比较困难。 43The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 【词汇突破】 detect :检测，侦查massive:巨大的，大规模的(写作中可用到的替换词) 【主干识别】The notion is that 加表语从句 【其他成分】people have failed to detect the massive changes 表语从句(表语从句是对主语的 阐释。);which have happened in the ocean 定语从句，修饰为changes;because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past原因状语从句。 【微观解析】句子的主干是The notion is that+表语从句，而定语从句则是修饰表语从句中的 一个词，因此在理解翻译时需要注意主次关系。对于fail这一类带有否定意味的词可直接作 为not来理解。relatively 修饰short . 【难点揭秘】原句中的从句较多，需要有层次的去理解， 42. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 【词汇突破】apart from 除开;相当于besides; in addition to 的意思。 promote 促销 parliament:议会 live up to:不辜负，在翻译时常处理为符合 【主干识别】no regular advertiser dare promote a product 加定语从句 【其他成分】Apart from the fact 介词结构作状语;that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising同位语从句对fact的进一步阐释;that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements定语从句，修饰product。 【难点揭秘】这句话的主干较为清晰，复杂的地方在于多重的否定。我们可以找到no和fail 这两个具有否定意思的词，根据汉语知识可知双重否定为肯定，这样一来句意就会清楚很多。 对于否定词的敏感度不够会造成歧义。状语部分的识别也有一定难度、 14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge. 【词汇突破】utility 运用 supervision 监管 【主干识别】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的两个谓语由 and 连接; 【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility状语;with less human supervision状语;at least状语;goals that pose a real challenge整个句子的同位语。 【微观解析】同位语goals 被定语从句修饰; 【难点揭秘】动词的并列，状语的隔离;同位语的识别需要关注。 34.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that reengineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. 【词汇突破】re-engineering and downsizing 重新设计、缩小规模 contribution 原因和因素 【主干识别】New ways of organizing the workplace are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy.主系表结构 【其他成分】 all that re-engineering and downsizing 同位语;which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.非限定性定语从句。 【微观解析】such as 做后置定语 【难点揭秘】后置定语从句和后置定语的冗长会产生一定的阅读障碍 13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【词汇突破】authority 权威 harness 使……停止的意思;和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词是curb， 这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考研高频词。 conscious 有意识的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams; 【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句; 【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列连词not only …but also…连接两 个并列的动词harnessed 和 brought;to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列造成识别上的困难。 47.The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 【词汇突破】depletion:消耗(consume的同义替换词) ozone layer:臭氧层(碰到这种专业词汇不要慌张，判断出它是一个名词即可) 【主干识别】the enemies are those 加定语从句 【其他成分】argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University插入语，相当于上一句中的 says Hofstadter，of Stanford University做定语修饰Paul Ehrllch;a pioneer of environmental studies:插入语;who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth定语从句修饰those。 【微观解析】a pioneer of environmental studies插入语，改写为who is a pioneer of environmental studies就 可以很快判断出它是修饰Paul Ehrllch的，而并非是句子的主语。定语从句中supporting global warming作evidence的定语(仍旧是修饰形式的变化)。 【难点揭秘】在这个句子中，关于Paul Ehrllch的修饰成分作为插入语造成了主干隔离。 句子的后半部分，定语从句中修饰evidence的定语以非谓语的形式出现。另外由于插入语 的存在可能会导致判断主语的失误从而句意理解错误。 54.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man . 【主干识别】A home without love is no more a home. 【其他成分】than a body without a soul is a man状语从句 【难点揭秘】这个句子难点在于no more than结构的用法: (1)如果是对数量进行修饰的时候，no more than = only, 意为“仅仅，只有”，例如: There are no more than ten people in the room.(房间里只有十个人。) (2)在程度上进行比较时，no more than有“两者都不”之意，表示说话者主观上嫌其少 (差、不足、 不好)等，例如:This book is no more interesting than that one.(这 两本书都没趣。) 也就是说这个结构在程度比较的时候than后面所接的句子或其他成分都受到了前面否定词 no的限制，例如:I can run no faster than he can.(我跑的不快，他跑的也不快。) 分为两个句子为: i)A home without love is not home ii)A body without a soul is not a man. 用no more than 结构连起来就成了上面的句子。任何固定结构其实都是从简单到复杂的 一个过程，任何结构都是可以从最基本的句子成分入手进行解析的。 35. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 【词汇突破】 campaigned to do 致力于. (写作替换词:devote to，focus on, dedicate oneself to) social Security 社会保障 saving-account model 账户储蓄模式(如果不能准确的理解这个词的 意思，提取主干时去掉它也不会有影响，只要理解是一种模式就好。)trade 交换 guaranteed 保障，确保 swear to , guarant to , assure to 都是保障和确保的意思。 【主干识别】Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a model加独立主格结构 【其他成分】with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。 depending on investment returns。在这里需要搞清楚独立主格的本质，就是将两个主语不同 但有内在逻辑联系的句子合为一个句子，因而这个结构便可理解为retirees traded much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。 depending on investment returns非谓语作后置定语 修饰payments。 【微观解析】理解含有独立主格的句子的关键在于分割，要将with后面的句子还原，单独 翻译。而对payments修饰若是变为定语从句则为 which depended on investment returns.这种 对于名词修饰形式的转变可以灵活的运用于写作中的。 【难点揭秘】独立主格的存在会使直接翻译略显僵化。 36. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. 【词汇突破】deliciously 美味的，但在这个句子里若是这样翻译就太死板了。在无法准确的 理解副词意思的情况下，大可将其做very 来理解 【主干识别】it is ironic+时间状语从句 【其他成分】when you consider that 时间状语从句;who earns their living 非限制性定语从句， 修饰Shakespeare，它的特殊之处在于处于主谓之间，起到了主谓隔离的作用，这样处理使 句子内部长短相间，错落有致，写作中可以灵活运用。 【微观解析】首先要找清楚Shakespeare所搭配的动词是 was,而且was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.这个句子是强调句(部分强调)，可还原为when you consider that Shakespeare was an actor (with a beard) and his share of noise-making. 其次再找定语从句who earns their living的修饰对象是Shakespeare。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的巧妙之处在于定语从句的位置以及为配合语气所做的强调处理，建 议写作时适当运用. 24. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.[/color][/u] 【词汇突破】constitutional 宪法的 physician-assisted suicide 医生帮助下的自杀 permissible 可以被允许的 【主干识别】the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect" 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide状 语从句;in effect作状语;a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整个都是the medical principle of "double effect" 的同位语。 【微观解析】a centuries-old moral principle其后被 holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修饰。holding that +宾语从句，其中主干为:an action is permissible; having two effects修饰 an action;a good one and a harmful one为two effects的同位语，被that is intended和that is foreseen两个定语从句所修饰;if the actor intends only the good effect为 宾语从句的状语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的复杂就在于同位语的复杂，同位语中有现在分词短语带上宾语从句， 在宾语从句中又出现同位语，同位语中又出现定语从句。这样的句子虽然复杂但是还是从最 简单的结构一步步搭建出来的。the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect"解释 什么叫double effect;“holding that+宾语从句”修饰 double effect;an action having two effects is permissible为宾语从句的主干;a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解释什么是two effects;if the actor intends only the good effect 为状语从句。 46.From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 【词汇突破】democratic:民主的populist:平民主义的 【主干识别:】our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句【其他成分】says Hofstadter插入语;our democratic and populist urges have driven us to…可提炼出sth has driven sb to do… 这个句型;that smells of elitism定语从句，修饰anything。(注意smell的介词搭配) 【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变为Hofstadter aid ,”From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges havedriven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。”这样的由直接引语构成的 宾语从句会降低句子的难度 【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示 37.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 【词汇突破】 vaccines 疫苗 unaware 没有注意到 cruel残忍 【主干识别】animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst 加定语从句 【其他成分】who are unaware that 定语从句;that animal research was needed to produce these treatments宾语从句，to produce these treatments表示目的的不定式;these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines三个事物的并列，理解为these treatments 和new treatments and vaccines的并列。 【微观解析】句子的语序若是调整为animal research seems…to those who…这样的结构会更 加的条理。进而再解析其中的定语从句，以及定语从句中的宾语从句。 【难点揭秘】 原句中的语序调整，以及状语部分的长度会给找句子主干带来困难。 48."The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column", "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..." 【词汇突破】Wall Street Journal:华尔街日报 latitude:纬度(the widest possible latitude:尽可能大的自由，写作中可运用。) 【主干识别】the test lies in 加宾语从句。 【其他成分】he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column插入语;lies not in…but in… (是在于……而不在于……)，写作句式，在理解句意时大可忽略not 后的内容而关注but 后的内容。how well it can control expression宾语从句;whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude宾语从句，however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...让步状语从句，注意 however的用法在前面状语部分的第六个例句有详细的讲解。 【微观解析】宾语从句主干为 whether it gives freedom the widest possible latitude. give sb sth 是我们熟悉的表达，但是give sth sth 也是同样可以的。调整插入语的位置 可较容易的找到句子主干，要清楚not…but…结构中强调的but后面的内容，同时准确把 握从句的主干。 【难点揭秘】特殊的句式，较长的从句会使句子理解起来比较困难。 55.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly:summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 【词汇突破】sign 标志summer home 避暑山庄 【主干识别】people do not seem less interested in success and its signs 【其他成分】now than formerly状语;冒号后的句子summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.对前 面主句进行解释。 【微观解析】summer homes, European travel, BMWs名词词组表示列举，松散的句 子结构。“—”之后the locations, place names and name brands may change，but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.对summer homes, European travel, BMWs进行解释;主句中比较对象为:Now 和 formerly;比较内容为:人们对这些事物的兴趣;比较结果为:人们的兴趣没有减弱;从 句中比较对象为:today 和 a decade or two years ago;比较内容是:人们对其的需 求程度;比较结果为:现在的需求也以前的需求是一样的。 【难点解析】出现比较结构，而比较中又包含有否定;且出现由标点引起的松散句子结构， 但是在局部的分析中句子结构也是很严密的。 38.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 【词汇突破】 much-publicized:公开的 resignation:辞职 build-up: 集结的，巨大的(写作词汇) doctrine:信条downshifting:降档，这里根据语境应灵活翻译为悠闲，闲适。 【主干识别】I have discovered that 加宾语从句 【其他成分】as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress非限制性定语从句，可还原主干为 as Kelsey will (discover)…， after a build-up of stress作状语;that后面是一个宾语从句，主干为bandoning the doctrine and making the move brings with it rewards. 【微观解析】解析这个句子应该先找discovered后的宾语从句的主干，再解析。of "juggling your life"是doctrine的定语，far greater rewards than financial success and social status.是关于 回报的一个比较。而as所引导的非限制性定语从句则是对整个句子的一个修饰，应放到最 后来解析。 【难点揭秘】过长的状语时阅读的一大障碍，as引导的句子中省略了动词这个句子中的非 限制性定语从句中应还原discover,且它修饰整个句子。这个知识点常用于写作当中。 39.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents". 【词汇突破】argue 认为 introduce 制定，引入 raised eyebrows: 表示惊讶，不可思议，舆论一片哗然(把别人的眉毛给抬起了)morality 道 德American occupation authorities:美国占领当局 【主干识别】Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows+时间状语从句 【其他成分】who was then education minister 定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama;when引导 的时间状语从句的主干为he argued that liberal reforms had weakened the morality，iberal reforms had weakened the morality宾语从句;introduced by the American occupation authorities 非谓语结构作定语修饰reforms;after World WarII置于句中，作时间状语。 【微观解析】抓住句子主干后应该一层一层的理解句子中的成分。解析定语从句应找到其相 应的先行词，而when 引导的时间状语从句比较长，确定主谓宾关系后再将各个修饰成份加 入。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的从句比较多，若是不能准确划分主干则很难准确理解句意。对于状 语的识别和位置的灵活掌握也是这个句子的重点之一。 49.The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. 【词汇突破】irresistible :不可抗拒的(写作常用句型:sth has become a irresistible tendency.) momentum: 势头，趋势individualism 个人主义 【主干识别】the shift is part of the momentum. 【其他成分】away from family life to solo lifestyle 介词短语做定语修饰shift; observes a French sociologist插入语;over the last century状语。 【微观解析】注意对shift进行具体描述时用from…to…这个结构。 【难点揭秘】本句同样是对于插入语的识别:observes a French sociologist.= a French sociologist observes 40.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 【词汇突破】advisable: 明智的 advocate: 倡导者 farfetched:牵强的 【主干识别】it is advisable to find out 加时间状语从句，原因状语从句，让步状语从句。 【其他成分】when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion时间状语从句;what its advocates are aiming at 宾语从句;for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal原因状语从句。 【微观解析】 it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal形式主语从句， in yeas to come为状语，however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today让 步状语从句，其正常语序为:their principles may seem however farfetched and unreasonable， they 指代principles。 例:However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam( 无论他多么努力地尝试，他还是没有通过入学考试。 需要明白 however 词性一为副词，?不管到什么程度, 无论如何，不管怎么?然而, 可是, 不过，仍然;词性二为连词，?不管怎样。当然however 做副词表示“但是，转折”的意思， 这是我们最熟悉的，提醒一点，做转折讲的时候是不能连接两个句子的。However的用法还 需要注意以下两点: (1)用作副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……”“无论如 何……”，具体结构有以下两种: 1)however+形容词+主语+系动词，例: However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money. 无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。 2)however+副词+主语+谓语，例: However fast he runs，he can’t catch up with us. 无论他跑得多快也不能赶上我们。 (2)用作连词，引导让步状语从句，意思是“怎么样都行”。例: In one’s own home one can acts however he wishes. 在自己家里一个人想干什么都行。 【难点揭秘】原因状语从句中插入让步状语从句会使句子的后半部分显得比较复杂。 【译文赏析】当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导 者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理 论会被视为正 53.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle --as a personal recognition of your limitations. 【主干识别】 Down-shifting in the mid- 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift. 【其他成分】For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s介词短语作状语;growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one同位语;as a personal recognition of your limitations状 语。 【微观解析】for 介词 the women of my generation名词 who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s定语从句修饰the women of my generation。 【难点揭秘】not so(as) much…as 这个比较结构的理解通常理解为:与其说，不如说; 例如:He was not so much angry as disappointed.(他与其说愤怒不如说失望。) 41. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature. 【词汇突破】Futurist:未来主义 with regard to:关于(替换词:with respect to，in the light of,in terms of ) 【主干识别】the case is rather difficult 加原因状语从句 【其他成分】With regard to Futurist poetry状语;for it can hardly be classed as Literature.原因 状语从句;whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right原因状语从句中的让步状语从句。 【微观解析】 whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right中，even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right在句中充当状 语，admmiting 后接宾语从句，主干为the theory may be right，on which it is based作定语修 饰the theory，it 指代futurist poetry。 这个句子的难点还在于whatever的用法。whatever的字典释义为: (1)代词(pron.) ?任何(事物), 每样(事物) ?无论什么, 不管什么?(用于问句，表示 惊讶或困惑)到底是什么，究竟是什?(用于回应，表示不在乎或不感兴趣)或许吧，无所 谓 ?(表示不在乎，什么都可接受)什么都可以 (2)形容词(adj.)?任何, 什么…… (3)副词 (adv.)? 任何? 一点儿都(不);丝毫(不);什么都(没有)?不管发生什 么。 whatever的用法主要有以下两点需要关注: (1)引导名词性从句，相当于anything that，意思是“所……的任何事情”，在语气上比what 更加强调。例: Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是对的。 Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧。 (2)引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，“不管什么”，whatever 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例: Whatever happens，you mustn’t lose your heart. 无论发生什么事情，你都不要丧失信心。(作主语) Whatever you do，do it well. 无论你做什么事情都要把它做好。(作宾语) Whatever I am，it is useful to know foreign languages. 无论我干什么，懂几门外语总是有用的。(作表语) You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去。(作定语) 【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点在于结构复杂的状语从句，在状语中还加入了处理的办法是先 将句子简化，理解之后再逐渐加入其他的成分，这也是长难句的通常解决办法 12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 【词汇突破】estimate 估量，评估 not…but 不是……而是…… 【主干识别】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes. 【其他成分】括号中的内容对biomass进行解释和说明;of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定语修饰biomass， in that biomass over time后置定语修饰changes; 【难点揭秘】estimate的宾语为the actual biomass 和changes的并列，并列连词为but , 在阅 读的过程中往往 会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍; 11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 【词汇突破】the treasury secretary 财政部长(美) anecdote轶闻，趣闻 statistics数据(还有一个我们不熟悉的意思:表格) picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势 【主干识别】There is a disjunction. 【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语;between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics后置定语修 饰a disjunction. 【微观解析】between the mass of business anecdote and the picture; 为定语的主体部分;that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote;reflected by the statistics修饰statistics。 【难点揭秘】由于插入语的加入，造成了对主干是别的难度，尤其是在between… and…结 构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其难于理解。 10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【词汇突破】argue for 支持 argue against 反对 on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表 career prospects 就业前景 radical 彻底的，根本的，激进的 【主干识别】An invisible border divides those and those. 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 现在分 词短语分别修饰两个those 作后置定语。 【微观解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects相当于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 【难点揭秘】divide those …and those…在两个those后面加上了很长的修饰成分造成了结构 识别的困难。 9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. 【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的 establishment 机构，建立 nonetheless 但是 case 事实,实情 【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表结构 【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位语从句修饰notion; 主干为that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主谓结构;in it 为状语。to the greater part of the academic establishment状语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是在主干中加入了状语和同位语从句使句子结构变得复杂。 很多同学会对but 和 nonetheless 连用感到困惑。两个句子之间是需要连词连接的，but是 连词，起连接两个句子的作用。 但是两个句子之间的转折关系并不是像but所表达的那样强烈，前后两句之间为“部分肯定” 的转折关系，因此使用nonetheless 转折副词，表明转折的意味并不强烈。这里的but也可 以换为and 51. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【词汇突破】appropriate:恰当的，合适的 liability:责任(duty，obligation,commitment 的同义替换词) 【主干识别】it isn"t clear that +主语从句(it 为形式主语) 【其他成分】while warnings are often approprite and necessary and many are required by state or federal regulations让步状语从句;the dangers of drug interactions, for example.插入语;that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability宾语从句;if a customer is injured条件状语从句。 【微观解析】由while引导的时间状语从句中，大的并列可还原为while warnings are often…and many warnings are required… 【难点揭秘】各种从句交织在一起会导致主干模糊，其中也包括出现插入语的现象 【译文赏析】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告-- 许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害 时，这些警告其实是在使其生产者和销售者豁免责任。 8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care. 【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的 dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱 medical procedures 医疗手段【主干识别】The report identifies…and…as the twin problems of end--of--life care 主谓宾宾补结构;the under treatment of pain和 the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。 【微观解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying为定语从句修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor做谓语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使 identify 和as 之间的距离拉大，产生了阅读障碍。 7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.[/color] 【词汇突破】illustrate 例证; in terms of 根据，以…为依据; 【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词 【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。 【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词 science做定语。 【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾，而是放在了 中间部分，这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰，但是难点既亮点，我们在写作的过程中就可以 灵活的运用:based especially on这样的表达了。 6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[/b] 【词汇突破】agony 痛苦 despair 绝望 prolong 延长 【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 (many 作为代词表示很多人，或者很多个 体) 【其他成分】On another level 做状语和in the medical community做定语;the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients为宾语从句主干; 特别提示:fuel本来意思是燃料，但是这里可以理解为由于，因为，加剧的意思; 为了以后阅读理解更透彻，可以直接把结构 A is fueled by B 理解为:A是结果;B是原因 例句:China's success is fueled by the age of globlization. 【微观解析】in part宾语从句中的状语，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰patients; 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是:Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的them 和前面句子 中的patients 为相同名词，因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句，但是在翻译的时候是 要分译的。 这句话在定语从句的前世和今生: suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients. The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. (两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了whom ;for whom 一 并提前。) 【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之间。 50.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 【词汇突破】 professional training:职业训练 【主干识别】 professional training might be the way to go 加原因状语从句。 【其他成分】for a small group of students 介词短语做状语;since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.原因状语从句。 【微观解析】原因状语从句的主干为:since skill can be the difference between having a job or not. all other factors being equal独立主格结构的插入语，还原为一个句子则 是:all other factors are equal. 【难点揭秘】这个句子的结构是一个典型的长短相错，利用状语，插入语将主从句主干分割 开来，建议试着仿写。由于插入语的原因，寻找主干时需要注意主从句各自的主语与动词相 对应。 ----------------------- 52.This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting. 【词汇突破】enthrone: 使……成为…….(其同近义词为entitle) densely:密集的 nation’s head counting:全国人口普查(同census) implication 重要意义和重要性，影响 【主干识别】this deelopment has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region. 【其他成分】and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead插入语;in years ahead在未来的几年中(前面我们有学到in the years to come);for the first time:介词短语作状语，可换为firsly;in the history of the nation’s head counting时间状语。 【微观解析】这个句子中值得积累的句型为 sth has enthroned sth as… (某物使某物成 为……) 【难点揭秘】对enthorne搭配的掌握以及in years ahead的理解。 30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 【词汇突破】lest 以免，以防 (后面所接从句需要使用should+动词原型的虚拟语气) acquire 获得 deceptive 欺骗性的 【主干识别】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor 加情态动词的主系表结构。 【其他成分】 lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 状语从句。 【微观解析】lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth， 状语从句中出现并列动词go and acquire，其中 go 为系动词，并且省 略的should; go unchallenged 意思为:不被质疑。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是虚拟语气的识别和并列动词的识别，是为了讲解虚拟语气 而列的一个句子。 29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 【词汇突破】critical 重要的， concerning 关于 【主干识别】and连接两个完整的并列句。第一个句子主干为: science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.第二个句子主干为:it is critical that +主语从句。 【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主语从句 【微观解析】由于表语是critical表示重要性，在从句中用了“shoud +动词原型”的虚拟语气 动词形式，should 被省略了;that science can provide定语从句修饰judgment;concerning the future consequences of present actions.现在分词短语也是在修饰judgment。 【难点揭秘】出现多个后置定语造成翻译的障碍 28.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. 【词汇突破】analytical 解析 verbal 文字的 components 成分 【主干识别】Sternberg notes that+宾语从句 【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 宾语从句;并列的动词best assess 和 fail to measure;components also critical to problem solving and life success 为creativity and practical knowledge的同位语; critical to problem solving and life success为形容词短语修饰components。 【难点揭秘】同位语中加上了由形容词短语充当的后置定语加大了阅读难度 27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 【词汇突破】manipulation 操纵 detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的 【主干识别】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】Such large, impersonal，of capital and industry定语修饰manipulation;as a class 定语修饰shareholder;an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。 【微观解析】in national life，representing irresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。 【难点揭秘】同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。 26.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.【词汇突破】institute 机构 substantial 实际的 bombard不断攻击;向...连续提出问题 lengthy冗长 【主干识别】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines 【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位语;for tort law定语修饰new guidelines;stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定语修饰new guidelines。 【微观解析】companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones;动词为warn 和bombard并列; warn sb of sth ; bombard sb with sth.。 【难点揭秘】同位语有一个隔离现象产生;stating+ that +句子其中出现两个并列的动词; 25. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has beenreinforcedby the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. 【词汇突破】reinforced 加强 introduction 引入和制定 refereeing 推荐 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 journal 期刊 【主干识别】The overall result has been to make entrance harder.主谓宾宾补的结构;entrance to professional geological journals宾语, harder for amateurs 宾补. 【其他成分】to professional geological journals定语修饰entrance;for amateurs状语;a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主语result的 同位语。 【微观解析】that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定语从句修 饰a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ，为状语by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 为定语修饰 introduction; 【难点揭秘】同位语后面定语从句中状语by和后面定语by的区别。 23.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 【词汇突破】verse 歌词，诗句 stockholder 股东 assert 声称，认为，宣称 social ill 社会问题 【主干识别】Levin asserted that +宾语从句and even cited his son. 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting状 语;music is not the cause of society’s ills 宾语从句主系表结构;a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位语;who uses rap to communicate with students.定语从句修饰a teacher。 【难点揭秘】并列的动词和同位语构成一定的阅读难点 22.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 【词汇突破】statistics 数据 写作过程中可以使用固定词组:statistics and details achievers获得成功的人 【主干识别】They gather all the data. 主谓宾结构。 【其他成分】they can 的完整表达为:that they can gather ; 出于简洁的考虑省掉了that 和 gather;not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data 的同位语。 【微观解析】同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details;第二个部分 为the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers，其中with high achievers 为定语修饰experiments. 【难点揭秘】同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。 21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性 hospitality 友好性 security 安全性 【主干识别】The examples show that…+宾语从句;主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位语;我们 把其看作为:A of B 的结构，A为上义词，B 为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要 生硬的翻译为“……的例子”;a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句 【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰a web site; 宾语从句主干为:a Web site will attract online customers. 【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句 的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。 20.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms." 【词汇突破】explanatory 解释性的 upsetting 不安 consists of 包含 【主干识别】 it is a little upsetting to read that+宾语从句and then to find that+宾语从句;形式 主语句，句子主语为 to read and to find.在主语中带有两个动词不定式中的宾语从句; 【其他成分】 in the explanatory notes 状语;a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge宾语从句主干;off which they both fall into the river起连接 句子作用的定语从句;the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers 宾语从句主干;"Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."是Line的同位语。 【微观解析】off which they both fall into the river还原为一个句子就是:they both fall into the river off the bridge. 【难点揭秘】主语是两个并列的成分识别并列主语是一大难点; 19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的; spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激进的，根本的 journalist 记者，新闻工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 参与制民主 enrolled in 注册入学，入伍 【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态 【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles;“:” 之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。 【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子:The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为:The spectacles seem in ample supply;now more than ever为状语。代 表人物一 the critic of American materialism(美国物质主义的批评者) with a Southampton summer home;(其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄);代表人物二 the publisher of radical books(激 进书刊的出版者)who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒 店就餐(因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的);代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life(支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者) whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上 学(私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的)。 【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成 了阅读的困难; 18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 【词汇突破】auditors 审计人员 distract 分散注意力 【主干识别】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句 【其他成分】for auditors 状语;scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。 【微观解析】scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干;who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist;where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句;by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语;of keeping one eye on the cash register修 饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。 【难点揭秘】主语从句中出现定语从句，定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为 显著了。 17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 【词汇突破】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。 的基础;导致…发生。例如:The social problems underlying these crises remain underlie 构成… unsolved.(引起这些危机的社会问题尚未解决。) trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒 globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用) 【主干识别】I believe that+宾语从句 【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 为宾语从句 主干;that underlie the globalization process为定语从句;“:”后为对forces的解释; 【微观解析】三种力量的并列为falling transportation and communication costs,以及 lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一个定语从句 that require enlarged operations和后置定语形容词短语:capable of meeting customers demands