自动挡汽车档位介绍

自动挡汽车档位介绍 Automatic car stalls are introduced 1. gear introduction The so-called automatic, as the name suggests, is no driver to manually shift, the vehicle will be based on the speed and traffic conditions automatically select the appropriate gear travel. But why are there still so many gears in the automatic transmission? Now let's make a brief introduction to the various gears and functions of the automatic transmission. Take the Honda accord as an example. The gearbox of the new accord has P, R, N, D, 3, 2, 1 stalls: P stands for parking, parking (off engine and idle parking for extended periods)! ~ R stands for reverse gear, and I'm sure I don't need to explain! N stands for neutral and manual transmission, meaning for short parking! D indicates the forward gear. Under this gear, the gearbox will switch automatically in the 1~5 gear according to the speed and the throttle 3, also the forward gear, in this gear, the gearbox in the 1~3 stalls automatically switch, will not rise to 4, 5, two files. It can be used as a restricted gear when the traffic is not smooth, and the jumping between the 3 gears and the 4 stalls can be avoided! (specifically how it is avoided will be introduced below) 2 stands for the 2 gear, when the gear is on the 2 gear, used for wet road starting or as a restricted gear for slow progression, to avoid jumps between the 1 and 2 stalls, and between 2 and 3 stalls! ~ 1 is the 1 gear, when this file, the gearbox is in a file. That's why I don't have to explain. Just watch the situation Other possible automatic vehicle stalls and S files, L files (e.g. Honda fit etc.) and there is a snow on the gear box keys (such as Buick sail etc.) and OD OFF keys. S stands for movement mode (Sport). In this gear, the gearbox can be shifted freely, but the opportunity of the gear shift is delayed, which keeps the engine at a high speed for a long time and increases the power of the vehicle. Of course, obviously this will increase fuel consumption. L means low gear, and should be in line with new accord's 1, which means that the gear will remain in the 1 gear without lifting the gear. The "snow key" means wet start. When this button is pressed, the vehicle will not start from the 1 gear, but start from the 2 gear to reduce the torque output, so as to avoid skidding when the vehicle starts on the wet road. OD OFF button is the most high-grade prohibited, the car with this button is often no D3, because press this button, top gear (4 speed gearbox), 4 files have been banned, play a role equivalent to D3. It is in some vehicles gearbox above 2, does not represent a single 2 stalls, but 1 to 2 files (such as Buick cars) with the shift gearbox in the 1, 2 automatic switching, and not to rise higher. The gearbox manual may not have so many stalls, which in addition to P, R, N (the three file is an automatic car will come forward), is a D file (such as FAW Mazda 6), the other gear function can be realized by manual mode to. 2. driving skills The biggest advantage of automatic vehicles is convenience, Especially in the traffic jam, especially encountered traffic jam, is uphill, the automatic file advantage is more obvious. Now the automatic car is more and more popular, from automobile advanced national opinion, most of the vehicles have to have automatic transition, automatic manual transmission has become the main vehicle to replace the daily driving is the development trend of automobile. Many fans are D in the end in the automatic driving vehicle, this automatic car is certainly possible, but if combined with the road traffic situation proper to select the correct file, then you can greatly reduce the burden of automatic transmission, reduce the abrasion of gear box. In order to make it easier for you to understand the truth, combine actual driving conditions to illustrate the use of automatic transmission limit files. To understand how to use the limit properly and correctly, first of all, you should clearly know your car gear shift timing and shift interval. The gearshift timing of each car is different. When normal running, the engine speed of automatic gear shift is called shift interval, and the shift interval of automatic gear is between 2000~2500 turns in normal driving. I was in Honda accord as an example, we can also according to this standard to find out the time to shift their own car gearbox is: the new accord will automatically adjust the time to shift according to the driving situation of the driver (now the automatic gearbox better basically have this function), if you stomp the throttle automatic gearbox will delay the time to shift, in order to obtain high power output of long time, generally at 3000 rpm will shift up, on all conditions to speed up the red zone was promoted to the next file (the basic set instead of the S file function). On the contrary, if you step on the gas pedal, the gearbox will start at the first speed of 2000, and then move to the next gear to meet the driver's purpose and fuel saving purposes. In normal driving time to shift new accord is the engine at 2400 rpm, speed 20, 40, respectively in 60, 80 yards will stall 2, 3, 4, up to 5 files. As I mentioned above, the gearbox is not a dead set timing. It can be used to advance or delay the gear shift according to your intention. (Note: the new Accord uses a 5 forward gear, and now most of the automatic cars on the market are 4 forward gear, more advanced high-end cars, there are 6 forward gear, there is no big difference in actual operation.) I think many riders have heard of automatic to step on the loose what can be achieved in advance and accelerate faster to shift up, this concept is not entirely correct, automatic stepping on a song about can be achieved ahead of the upshift is correct (but also to choose a good step, loose time), but it is relatively the objective of saving at the expense of accelerating, and can make the vehicle to accelerate faster. For example: (or driving a Honda accord, driving the vehicle:) after the start, quickly shift to 2 files (Note: 1 ~ 2. There is no need to perform the following operations, because the engine stall resistance 1 is large, you let go of the throttle speed will slow down, as long as you quickly stepped on the accelerator gear will be appropriate when entering the second), then slightly heavier throttle (to quickly accelerate), when the engine speed is just over 2000, the speed of about 30km, a little bit loose throttle, The gearbox will advance to 3 stalls, then stepped on the gas to 2000 speed, speed up to 50, release the accelerator, the gearbox will advance to the 4 grade, the same situation also appears to speed around 70 when the gearbox in advance to 5 stalls. This will enable early advance without affecting too much acceleration. Different vehicle timing or difference, you can understand the car in their own circumstances, according to their vehicle shift, select the opportunity to perform the above operations. Moreover, even if not to advance into the file, this is also beneficial to properly control the throttle a shift time, when the speed rises to shift after the interval, as long as you light the throttle, the automatic transmission will automatically make up shift instruction, and in the moment you receive oil engine speed will drop, just to Gangsheng gear tooth than convergence, then come forward, you will feel the whole process of shifting more smoothly, more comfortable ride. This process requires a certain contact and understanding to complete on their own car, you do not rush to implement riders out of the car, waiting for you to make the above operation temper is handy): * Note: ahead of the upshift, no throttle degree is too large, otherwise the gearbox will think that driving who need urgent acceleration, and the current gear power output can not meet the requirements of automatic downshift, back to the lower gear caused by jumping! This point, you can operate in the experiment a few times, master their vehicle transmission control scales. The above are all vehicles in the D files under normal driving conditions, understand these, we will talk about the limit file! Why do you need to know the timing of the car before you know the limit? This is because, in the normal speed limit file is used when the vehicle speed and engine speed in the shift interval to wander up and down when used for shift control of automatic transmission - I think this is to limit the effect of gear driving in general the most accurate explanation (this is my original interpretation of the absolute ^_^) I've seen many introduced automatic articles, almost all of which has this sentence: "when the speed is lower than 60, should choose a lower than D to travel..." In fact, this formulation is not very accurate. As I said above, in normal driving, the limit gear only works when the car just wanders around the gear shift. For example, if the vehicle running for 40 yards, then the gear should be 3 files (in advance into the stalls, 3 stalls speed range of 30km ~ 50km), in this case the D file or D3 file there is no difference, the gearbox would have been stable at 3 above the fundamental will not create the file, jump file. Or more slowly, the car to 10km speed stability, and then you use D or 1 files, there is no difference, the gear box is 1 stalls, there will be no stalls change changes. When should I use the limit file? The limit gear should be fast and slow in traffic condition and cannot be used at a steady speed. For example, the speed of the car has been sloshing around 40~50, when the gearbox is likely to be on the 3 gear for a while, on the 4 gear above, or up and down. This process will cause the gearbox to accelerate the wear and tear and the carbon deposit production, then should use the limited gear D3 to control the jump gear production, Stabilize the transmission on the 3 gear without jumping to the 4 gear. The same situation also appears in the 1 ~ 2 grade, 2 to 3 gear shift interval, such as traffic jam, the car can move slowly, speed can reach 20, but once again stopped, this process is through the gearbox, 1 speed up the process of 2 stalls, then once again back to 1 the file, if the file selection limit 1, you can avoid this process, reduce the wear of the gearbox! Therefore, the car is mainly in front of its own vehicle shift interval, as appropriate, select the limit gear, which is the protection of automatic gearbox is absolutely good! There are two more roles that limit play, that is, on the uphill and downhill times. The first is uphill, when the vehicle is uphill, if the slope is big, the vehicle with D climbing may be what circumstances, when the vehicle is in a lower gear, the torque output can meet the requirements of the vehicle when the vehicle uphill, will accelerate uphill, when entering the shift interval, the gearbox would ascend to higher, and more high torque output can not meet the dynamic requirements of climbing, and the vehicle will slow down, when the speed slow down, and the gearbox gear down to continue climbing. Thus, during the climb, the gearbox will move up and down again and again, and this process will also accelerate the wear and tear of the gearbox and the generation of carbon deposits. Therefore, in the process of climbing, the owner should be based on the choice of the appropriate limit gear, if the slope is very large, and even can hang 2 or 1 to complete the climb, then hang into the car, when normal driving. The downhill, limit the file is used as the auxiliary brake, we all know that a manual car travelling in the mountains, high slope, slope (of course, small slope is not necessary so operation) can be hung on the lower gear as the auxiliary brake, and the automatic files in the D file when there is no auxiliary braking action and it would be more slippery more quickly. At this time, you can put in the limit file, use the limit gear up to realize the auxiliary brake with the engine as the brake, in order to reduce the working pressure of the brake pad. This does not believe that I do more explanation, you should all clear owners. Limit file can sometimes be used as kick-down, that is when you need long time powerful torque output, you can use it to control the gear in a lower gear up to achieve, or when overtaking, you can directly put the gear down. But the automatic transmission is based on your throttle degree to decide whether you want to downshift, for example over the front of the train, you can release the accelerator and a foot down, then the gearbox will automatically drop 1 stalls and 2 stalls to meet your power requirements, the completion of overtaking loose open throttle, gear you will return to the speed of the right gear position, in this case there is no need to limit the use of gear, light throttle to control it. The use of automatic car in motion, probably introduced the whole, understand you see the riders can combine their own vehicles, hope this paper can turbid, to help ~ here to remind you that the correct use of constraint can indeed make the gearbox be protected, which is a good way to reduce wear and reduce the coke produced, but do not casually use limit file, The file is closed because of restrictions on a more upscale, in this case, even if you put the engine pulled into the red zone it will not upshift, limiting the use of file error will cause great damage to the engine and gearbox!!! If you don't really want to know about the use of restricted files, then I'd advise you to leave a D, so it's relatively safe.) 3. automatic gear matters needing attention Add some automatic vehicles where you need to pay attention: 1) only in P, N two grades can launch vehicles, from the P file extraction lever must put on the brakes. The use of N file is when you start the vehicle engine directly after moving forward, you can first turn on the power (not the name of the engine, brakes) to shift to N, and then the ignition, then hang into the D file directly forward, so as to avoid the P file after ignition, need to go through the R file. The gearbox after a reverse impact! This is a little better, ha ha:) and the role is that when the car suddenly flameout, you can guarantee the safety of the case, quickly pushed gear to N gear, ignition, and then start the engine. 2) general gear in N, D, 3 between the switch, do not press the shift button, from 3 down the limit file hanging, must press the shift button, from low-grade to high-grade hanging, do not press the shift button. (lever button on the gear lever has staggered no shift button, such as Buick Excelle etc.) 3) driving must not shift to N slide, because the automatic gearbox lubrication, when driving gear pump discharge in the N above is not normal oil for lubrication, the gearbox parts temperature increases, causing complete damage! In addition, speed skating is also very dangerous and not very fuel-efficient! There are a lot of introduction, I will not repeat it. Sliding to stop at low speeds can be put into the N file early, but it doesn't matter. 4) automatic car in motion must not be pushed into the P file, unless you don't want a car): in the direction of travel changes (forward or backward instead of forward to backward) is from reverse hang into forward or forward reverse gear is engaged, the vehicle must stop to do the operation. 5) when the car stops at the end of the stop, the automatic gear must turn off and hang into the P file to take out the key. Many people used to stop directly to the P file and then turn off, pull the handbrake. Careful people will find that, after the general vehicle flameout due to uneven pavement around the small move, while the P gear box has a device and gear teeth bite, then the move will cause a little impact on the transmission gear! The correct approach should be: the car into the parking position, the brakes will pull the lever to pull the handbrake, N files, and then release the foot brake flameout, then the gear lever is pushed into the P file! Of course, this also belongs to the protection of the gearbox of excellence): to be clear, the difference between the P block and N block is a P block, the gear is engaged with the gear box, it is not only used for parking, and will help in the vehicle brake, when the vehicle must be pushed to the file P file, do not hang in the N file only to rely on the handbrake brake! Parking is especially important where there is a slope!! 6) in addition to the temporary parking (e.g. waiting for the red light), The question of whether the automatic file should be in N or D has been a bit of a debate, but it doesn't really matter. N or D are not wrong, but according to their own habits, temporary parking brakes hanging in the D on the car without damage, because the gear box is provided with a torque converter group with one-way clutch reaction wheel, its role is to enlarge the torque from the engine crankshaft, the engine idle, it is not only the rotation. It will take effect until the engine speed rises. So the brakes when the red light is Never mind, linked to the N pull the handbrake anyway, it also makes the right move, take the time to properly relax:) can apply a relatively rigid index: if the parking in more than half a minute you hang into the N pull the handbrake, if the parking time is the short is stepping on the brakes as well ~ ~ it is worth noting that this is the general automatic car explanation, when your vehicle has special requirements you cannot follow this, such as Buick sail, in its use of CD inside the temporary parking, not hanging on N file, because it automatically gapped function, you put on the brakes in a few seconds after the gearbox will automatically jump to the neutral. I don't quite understand that. Does it have two gaps in the gearbox design? Is it even different for me to jump in the gap? Well, here, I think it was almost all the knowledge I know and can think of automatic basic here, because of the limited level, I also non professionals, so inevitably some mistakes, willing and happy more exchanges, common progress. Use your own car!! But in the end still need to advise you automatic car, automatic transmission is a very expensive things, or read the instructions carefully before use, should pay attention to the use of Car Buying or have questions or to find the model with consulting professional status! Only in this way can I use my car better. In general, the automatic transmission of automatic transmission gear stalls are divided into P, R, N, D, 2 (or S), L (or 1) and so on. The following details are described below: P (Parking) parking, or parking gear P is used as a parking device. It uses a mechanical device to lock the moving parts of the car so that the car can not move. When the engine is running, the automatic transmission car is easy to walk as long as the selector lever is in the running position. While parking, the selector lever must be pulled into the P position, thus locking the output shaft through the parking brake device in the transmission and tightening the handbrake to prevent the vehicle from moving. When the car needs to stay in a fixed position for a long time, or before leaving the vehicle after the docking, you should pull the brake and push the lever to the position of "P". It should be noted that the P must be used only when the vehicle is completely stopped. Otherwise, the mechanical part of the automatic transmission will be damaged. When you do not have parking stalls, here, at this time the wheels locked in a state machine can prevent slip. In addition, the automatic transmission car with neutral start switch, so that the car can only "P" or "N" file to start the engine, so as to avoid the other gear on the wrong start when the car suddenly jumped forward. R (Reverse) reverse gear: R is used when reversing. Automatic transmissions don't use semi linkage as opposed to manual transmissions, so you should pay special attention to the control of the accelerator pedal when reversing. Usually according to the allocated link on the insurance button, Bogan will be moved to the "R" file. It should be noted that when the vehicle has not completely stopped, absolutely can not forcibly transferred to the "R" file, otherwise the transmission will be seriously damaged. N (Neutral) neutral: A N position is a neutral position, which can be used at start or trailer and for temporary parking (e.g., red light). To prevent the vehicle from sliding on the slope, be sure to step on the brake when the gap is reached. Put the lever on the "N" file, and the power between the engine and the transmission has been cut off. For a short stay, place the lever in this file and pull the lever. The right foot can be removed from the brake pedal for a short rest. When waiting for signals or traffic jams, the selector lever is kept in the D position at the same time, and the brake is stepped down. If the time is short, this is allowed, but if the stop time is long, it is better to change into the N position and tighten the handbrake. Because the selector lever is in the driving position, the automatic transmission car generally has a weak driving trend, a long time to brake, equal to force to stop this trend, so that the transmission oil temperature rise, oil easily degenerate. Especially in the air conditioner work, the engine idle higher situation is more unfavorable. Some drivers to save fuel, the selector lever to pull N sliding at high speed or downhill, it is easy to burn out the transmission, because the transmission output shaft speed is very high, while the engine is running at idle speed, fuel supply shortage, lubricant deterioration, easy to burn out the transmission. D (Drive) forward file, also called drive file: At this D, the gearbox will automatically switch from 1 to overdrive (equivalent to 1~4 stalls) depending on speed and throttle, which is used for general road travel. Due to the different designs of different countries, the "D" gear usually includes from 1 stalls to high-end or 2 gear to high-grade, and will change automatically because of the change of speed and load. Place the lever on the "D" file. The driver controls the speed of the car. Just control the accelerator pedal. When traveling normally, the selector lever is placed in the D position, and the car can be automatically shifted between the 1~4 gears (or 3 stalls). The D position is the most commonly used driving position. What you need to know is that because the automatic transmission is based on the size of the accelerator and the speed of the car to determine the gear, so the acceleration pedal operation method is different, the speed of the gear shift is not the same. If you start, the accelerator will quickly step down, up late, acceleration ability, to a certain speed, and then the accelerator pedal will soon be released, the car will immediately rise gear, so that the engine noise is small, comfortable good. Another feature of the D is a compulsory low, for high speed overtaking, will accelerate the pedal rapidly in D running, the switch can be automatically switched on forced downshift downshift, the car accelerates very quickly, overtaking after release the accelerator pedal and automatic upshift. S or 2 (Second, Gear) 2 files: The 2 gear is the low speed forward gear, and also the limit gear. When the gear is started, the 1 gear is started. After the start, the gear box is on the 2 gear. The utility model is used for starting the wet slippery road or being used as the limit file when the slow speed is advanced. On a very large slope, or on a relatively sloping grade, You can start with this file. The stalls here, you can limit the automatic car stalls only in the low bit (equivalent to manual car the first and second gears) on the switch, in order to ensure the car get maximum momentum. Put the lever in the 2 gear, the car will start from the 1 gear, and when the speed increases, it will automatically transfer to the 2 gear. 2 files can be used as the upper and lower slopes, this file benefit is on the ramp or down ramp, the vehicle will remain stable in 1 or 2 position, not because of unbalance, make the transmission of non-stop conversion on inclined load or speed. When the ramp is lowered, braking is done using the low speed resistance of the engine, which does not cause the car to travel faster and faster (another S file means Sport mode, as described below). S stands for motion mode (Sport) S stands for movement mode (Sport). In this gear, the gearbox can be shifted freely, but the opportunity to shift is delayed, keeping the motor at a high speed for longer periods of time, increasing the power of the vehicle. Of course, obviously this will increase fuel consumption. L (Low) or 1 (First, Gear) low gear, also known as 1 files: L file is a low forward, in the downhill or long distance ramp, shifting gears in here, you can limit the automatic car stalls only in the most low-grade (equivalent to a manual car), can make the brake the use of engine power in the downhill, the driver does not need long time the brakes lead to overheating brakes are dangerous. At this point, the transmission can only work in the 1 gear, can not change to other gear. It works best in severe traffic jams and on steep slopes. When the upper slope or lower slope is taken, the torque of the automobile engine can be fully utilized. Two, S, L bit low-end use The automatic transmission is on the low side of the S or L position and can be used on ramps and other conditions. When turning downhill, change into S or L potential to make full use of engine brake, avoid wheel brake overheating, resulting in reduced braking efficiency. However, from the D position into the S or L bits, the speed can not be higher than the corresponding speed up, otherwise the engine will vibrate strongly, so that the transmission oil temperature rises sharply, and even damage the transmission. In rainy weather, if the road conditions are poor, can change into S or L, fixed in a low traffic, do not use can automatically shift position, to avoid the car skidding. At the same time must bear in mind that when slipping, the selector lever can be pushed into the N position and the power of the engine is cut off to ensure the safety of driving. Three, the use of automatic car 1 when the engine starts, the automatic transmission also limits the gear, which is adjusted by the manufacturer for safety reasons. Normally, the engine can be started only when the gear lever is in the gear P or N position. The engine cannot start if the transmission lever is in gear, such as D, R, etc.. The purpose of this restriction is to prevent cars from colliding with front and rear objects. If the novice can not start the engine, it should first check whether or not the wrong file. If it is not a P or N file, you should adjust it first and start the car again; 2, start using N file method: when you start the car, without reversing the car and go straight forward, you can first put on the power, step on the brakes, the gear pushed to N, and then ignition, After that, hang in the D file and go straight ahead, so that you can avoid the R gear after you hit the P gear, so that the gearbox will pass through a reverse impact! Another role is that when the car suddenly stops, you can guarantee the safety of the rapid shift gear to N gear ignition, and then start the engine; Automatic car shift is introduced Only in P, n two grades can launch vehicles, from the P file extraction lever must put on the brakes. The use of N file is when you start the vehicle engine directly after moving forward, you can first turn on the power, the brakes to shift to N, and then the ignition, then hang into the D file directly forward, so as to avoid the P file after ignition, need to go through the R file, the gearbox after a time reverse impact! This is a little better, and the other role is to suddenly turn off in the running, you can guarantee the safety of the case, quickly pushed gear to n gear, ignition, and then start the engine. General gear in N, D, 3 between the switch, do not press the shift button, from 3 down the limit file hanging, you must press the shift button, from low-grade to high-grade hanging, do not press the shift button. Driving must not shift to N Slide, because the automatic gearbox lubrication, when driving gear pump discharge in the N above is not normal oil for lubrication, the gearbox parts temperature increases, causing complete damage! In addition, speed skating is also very dangerous and not very fuel-efficient! There are a lot of introduction, I will not repeat it. Sliding to stop at low speeds can be put into the N file early, but it doesn't matter. Automatic car in the drive can not be pushed into the P file, unless you do not want the car, in the direction of change in movement, that is, from the reverse gear into the forward gear or forward, hang into reverse gear, must wait for the vehicle to stop after the operation. When the car stops at the end of the stop, the automatic gear must be switched off and put into the P file to remove the key. Many people used to stop directly to the P file and then turn off, pull the handbrake. Careful people will find that, after the general vehicle flameout due to uneven pavement around the small move, while the P gear box has a device and gear teeth bite, then the move will cause a little impact on the transmission gear! The correct approach should be: the car into the parking position, the brakes will pull the lever to pull the handbrake, n files, and then release the foot brake flameout, then the gear lever is pushed into the P file! Of course, this also belongs to the gear box excelsior protection In addition, the question of whether automatic parking should be used in N or D files during temporary parking has been a matter of debate, but it doesn't really matter. N or D are not wrong, but according to their own habits, temporary parking brakes hanging in the D on the car without damage, because the gear box is provided with a torque converter group with one-way clutch reaction wheel, its role is to enlarge the torque from the engine crankshaft, the engine idle, it is not only the rotation. It will take effect until the engine speed rises. So the brakes when the red light is Never mind, linked to the N pull the handbrake anyway, it also makes the right move, seize the time appropriate to relax can apply a relatively rigid index: if the parking in more than half a minute you hang into the N pull the handbrake, If the parking time is short it is stepping on the brakes as well it is worth noting that this is the general automatic car explanation, when your vehicle has special requirements you cannot follow this, such as Buick sail, in its use of CD inside the temporary parking. Don't hang in N, because it has automatic gapped function, you put on the brakes in a few seconds after the gearbox will automatically jump to the neutral.