高中英语优秀教案 必修四 Period 2　Learning about Language（人教版）

高中英语优秀 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 必修四 Period 2　Learning about Language（人教版） 学生学习的 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，教师备课的设计 教案教案 Period 2 In this period the students are to do some exercises on the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part.It is to help them use the useful words and expressions from the context.They are also to learn something about word formation,which will help them to remember English words so that they will enlarge their vocabulary.To achieve the above aims,the teacher can help the students to learn autonomously and cooperatively.That is,the teacher will get the students to work on the exercises individually first and then check the answers together with their partners.While dealing with word formation,the teacher will help the students do it as a task.That is,the teacher will first ask the students to read some words and sentences from the text in which some compound words,derivatives are used,then ask them to discover how these words are formed,summarize the rules and write as many words as possible 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Teaching & Learning M Autonomous learning,cooperative learning,task- A multi- Help the students learn to use the useful words and expressions from the Feelings and Value Through the study of this period they may have grasped an effective way in memorizing new words—word T:In the last period,we studied a passage about different theme parks in the world.And I asked you to write a summary using the key words.Now please look at the screen and read out your summary of the passage with the key words individually.I? Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy life for a while.In recent decades,however,many parks have been designed to provide entertainment.We call them theme parks.The new parks are usually huge places and have a variety of things to see and do.Theme parks have a certain idea—a certain theme—that the whole park is based on.For example,a sport theme park will offer visitors sports to play or watch;a history or culture theme park will let us see how our ancestors dressed,worked and lived.The oldest theme park in the world is Disneyland. It seemed like a place of fantasy. Besides these,we have the marine or ocean parks,the science Step 2 Discovering us T:From the reading passage,we can find some useful words and expressions.So now I?d like you to do Ex.1 and Ex.2 on Page 35,Ex.3 and Ex.4 on Page 36 individually first and then check your answers with your partners to see if you alternative expression Words and expression from the text A main subject or idea theme set of things needed for an activity equipment shoes used for sports and outdoor activity sneakers people going to live in a new area with small population settlers unlimited imagination fantasy a careful test to try out an idea experiment a small number or part;less than half minority become real;become alive come to life sneakers，fantasy，theme，experiment，equipment，settlers，came to life， 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 1.amused 2.various 3.charged 4.admission 5.profits 1.When I got close to 2.As I got closer to him,he moved I?m closer to my aunt because she and I both like shopping for clothes. 4.The map showed me that China is closer to Japan than England. 5.My brother is getting closer every year to becoming the leader of his company. Discovering useful T:Boys and girls,have you finished checking your answers?If so,let?s come to the next part— structures.First read the following sentences from the reading passage,pay attention to the underlined words and see 1.They are more than amusement parks with rides,such as a Ferris wheel,merry-go-round 2.They all charge money for admission The big companies that own theme parks expect to make a profit not just by the charges for admission,but also by selling souvenirs in their shops and advertising them on television 3.So basketball and football may be sold alon S:Let me try.From these words,we can see that some words are made up of two words or more;some words can not T:You really have good observation!As you can see two words or more can make up one word and some are words joined by a hyphen or two,we call these words compound words.Some words can be used both as verbs and nouns.This is another way how words are used,we call it conversion.If some words are formed by adding prefix or suffix,we call this method derivation.We have learned many compound words,derivatives and those words which can be used as different parts of speech.Grasping these will help you remember words easily and enlarge your vocabulary.So now I?d like you to work in ten groups to recall and write as many such words as possible according to Task for grou 1.合成名词 名词，名词构成复合名词 weekend air conditioner 形容词，名词构成复合名词 solar system fast food 动词的-ing形式，另一词构成复合名词 frying pan washing machine 用其他方式构成的复合名词 get-together outbreak 2.合成形容词 名词，形容词构成的复合形容词 snow-white world- 形容词，过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词 absent-minded duty-bound grey- 用动词的-ing形式，另一词构成的复合形容词 far-reaching close-fitting long- 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 用其他方式构成的复合形容词 five-storeyed well-known worn- 3.合成动词 white-wash safe-guard half- 4.合成副词 however beforehand 5.合成代词 1)代词宾格或物主代词 himself herself 2)某些不定代词 someone anybody 1.前缀 dis-否定 disable discourage ,非 incorrect incomplete in- 不 im- 不,非 impossible impatient un- 不 unable unfair non-不,非 non- mis- 误 re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider en- 使成为 multi- 多 tele- 远 kilo- 千 2.后缀 名词后缀 -an -tion/ation collection liberation -dom -er -or -ese -ess -ful -ian -ing -ism -ist -ment -ness -ship -th 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Task for group 形容词后缀 -able acceptable eatable -al -an -en -ern -ese -ful -ish -ive -less -y -ward 动词后缀 -fy/-ify -en -ize/-ise apologize/- 副词后缀 -ly -ward(s) 数词后缀 -teen -ty sixt T:Time is up.Let? T:Marvelous!You?ve written so many words.I?ve summarized most of the compound words and derivatives we have learned so far for your reference.You can copy them if you like after class.But you should pay much attention and don?t take it for granted how a certain word is formed.For example,you can put prefix “in-” before the word “correct” to form the new word “incorrect” with the opposite meaning,while you should put prefix “im-” before the word “possible” to form the new word “impossible” with the opposite meaning. Step T:In this period we have learned how to use the key words and expressions in the given context by doing some exercises,and we have learned much about word formation,which will help us a lot in memorizing new words and enlarging our vocabulary.Y 1.Do Exercises 1-2 on Page 70;Exercises 1- The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 5 Th Period 2 Record after Teaching 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Activities and Research To enhance the students? knowledge about word formation,the teacher may carry out a competition in which the students are encouraged to choose some vocabulary from the dictionary and analyze their prefixes and suffixes and Reference for Teaching Word formation 构词法 按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有合成法(compounding)、转换法 (conversion)和派生法(derivation)三种。 一、合成法 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词的构成大致有以下几种情况 1.合成名词 名词，名词构成复合名词 Weekend air conditioner fancy dress income tax credit card letter-box X- spaceship fantasyland newspaper snowstorm ice-cream bus stop birth- safety belt earthquake bookc landslide heartbeat flower shop classroom 形容词，名词构成复合名词 solar system fast food central bank higher education shorthand madman blackboard green-house 动词的-ing形式，另一词构成复合名词 frying pan washing machine flying-fish working people data processing sight-seeing reading roo sun-bathing window- 用其他方式构成的复合名词 get-together outbreak overcoat daybreak pain- by-product passer-by editor-in- comrade-in-arms long-term plan air-traffic cont bride-to-be good-for-nothing quick- father-in- 2.合成形容词 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 名词，形容词构成的复合形容词 snow-white colour-blind world- 形容词+过去分词或带-ed结尾的词构成复合形容词 absent-minded duty-bound grey- clean-shaven long-haired good- blue-eyed kind-hearted open- 用动词的-ing形式，另一词构成的复合形容词 far-reaching close-fitting long- well-meaning English-speaking hard- good-looking easy-going mouth- world-shaking man- 用其他方式构成的复合形容词 five-storeyed well-known worn- up-to-date see-through face-to- hand-made man-made snow- well-informed first-rate second-five-year(plan) ever-green red- better- 3.合成动词 white-wash safe-guard half-overeat baby-sit sleep- 4.合成副词 however beforehand sometimes meanwhile somewhere wherever 5.合成代词 1)代词宾格或物主代词， himself herself 2)某些不定代词some,any,no,every， someone anybody nob everybody something nothing 二、派生法(derivation) 在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词法叫派生法,词缀有前缀和后缀两种。除少 数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变此类,而不引起词义的变化。 1.前缀 dis- 否定 disable discourage disagree disappear dislike in- 不,非 incorrect incomplete inactive indefinite im- 不,非 impossible impatient imperfect impr 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 un- 不 unable unfair unwilling unusual unacceptable uncertain uncommon unequal unfamiliar unfortunate unhappy unhealthy unknown unnecessary unreal untrue undress non-不,非 non-stop non- mis- 误 misunderstand mislead re- 重,再 rewrite reconsider recycle recall renew replay en- 使成为 enable enrich multicultural multichannel multi- 多 tele- 远 telephone kilo- 千 kilometer 2.后缀 名词后缀 -an American Australian African -tion/ation collection liberation pronunciation competition determination preparation satisfaction attention -dom freedom wisdom -er farmer villager worker writer t -or visitor actor -ese Chinese -ess waitress hostess princess -ful handful armful -ian musician Asian math physician -ing feeling shipping -ism materialism socialism -ist pianist socialist -ment amusement entertainment excitement agreement development judgement -ness happiness illness kindness carefulness -ship friendship membership 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 citizenship -th truth warmth growth depth 形容词后缀 -able acceptable eatable unforgettable favourable agr imaginable chargeable moveable changeable survivable -al national -an Russian American -en golden wooden -ern northern eastern -ese Chinese -ful hopeful forgetful beautiful powerful -ish childish foolish -ive creative effective protective -less homeless harmless careless useless -y thirsty stormy noisy windy -ward backward eastward 动词后缀 -fy/-ify beautify simplify -en widen shorten deepen strengthen -ize/-ise apologize/-ise realize/-ise modernize/- 副词后缀 -ly badly happily -ward(s) backward(s) eastward(s) forward(s) 数词后缀 -teen fourteen -ty sixty ninety 三、转化法(Conversion) 英语中,有的名词可以作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的 方法叫转化法。 1.动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化;有时意思有一定变化;有的与一个动词和不定冠词构 成短语,表示一个动作。如 Let?s go out for a walk He is a man of strong build 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Let?s have a swim Theme parks charge(v Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charges(n 2.名词转化为动词 很多表示物件、身体部位、某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词也可以作动词。如 Did you book Please hand She nursed her husband back to he We lunched 3.形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如 We will try our best to better She cleans 4.副词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如 Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终将败露。 The army downed The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 1 Period 2 Learning about Language 1.Word formation Noun suffixes argue argument achieve achievement -ment feel feeling -ing discussion direction -ion decision -sion determination organization -ation 2.Subject-verb agreement Three principles:important rules 1)语法一致:由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时谓语为单数。否则用复数。 2) 就近一致:由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。 但注意:主语+with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词,谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。 3) 意义一致:集体名词 class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语时,如强调整体,用单数;如指各个成员,则用复数。 Record after Teaching Activities and Research The teacher may write a word which contains suffixes or prefixes and make the students think of as many words that have the same root as the word given.It is a good way to learn about word formation. 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Reference for Teaching Grammar 主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 A boy __________(be)sitting there.(is) Water __________(be)important to us.(is) 1.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语时谓语为单数。 In this way,get the students to sum up other rules. Bread and butter _________(be)a daily food in the West.(is) The worker and writer _________(be)from Wuhan.(is) 译:那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 2.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时谓语为单数。否则用复数。 The worker and the writer _________(be)from Beijing.(are) 译:那个工人和那位作家来自北京。 Each of the students _________ (have )a book.(has) 3.one/every one /each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语时谓语用单数。 be)badly needed in this flooded area.(is) Clothing _________( 4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时谓语用单 数 。 Physics _________ (interest)boys in our class.(interests) 以s 结尾但表示学科、国家、机构、 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 籍、报刊等名称作主语时谓语用单数。 5. Eg:maths,physics，Swiss，the United states Twenty years _________ (pass) since he left his hometown.(has passed) 6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时谓语用单数。 Anything _________(be) possible.(is) 7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语时谓语用单数。 Collecting stamps _________(be)what he likes.(is) Whatever was left _________(be)taken away.(is) 8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter _________(be)sold out.(have been) 9.由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语用复数。 The police _________(be)looking for the missing child.(are) 10.people,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语时,谓语用复数。 The cattle _________ (go) to the river to have a drink.(went,go) 二、就近一致原则 Not only he but also I _________(be)invited.(am) Neither my gloves nor my hat _________ (go) with the dress.(goes) 由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数 上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students _________ (be) in the classroom.(is) 但注意主语+ with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词,谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。 三、 意义一致原则 His family _________(be)a great one.(is) His family _________(be)music lovers.(are) 1.集体名词 class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 等作主语。强调整体用单数,指所有成员用复数。 All _________ present.(are) All the food _________ good.(tastes) 2.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。如果指代可数名词,用复数谓语;如果指代不可数名词用单数谓语。 Half of the students _________ girls.(are) Two thirds of the surface _________ covered with water.(is) 3.half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语时,要根据其后的名词 而定。如果其后跟可数名词,则用复数谓语;如果其后跟不可数名词,则用单数谓语。 Period 2 Learning about Language The General Idea of This Period This period is about the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part,from the exercises in this period,the students can consolidate what they learnt in the reading part,and learn the grammar about the -ing form as a noun. Teaching Important Points Learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Teaching Difficult Points Learn to use the -ing form as a subject as well as an object. Teaching Methods Asking-and-answering activity to check the students? answers of the exercises;individual,pair or group work to finish each task. Teaching Aids A multi-media computer A blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Learn some key words: trial,consider,prove,tell the truth,pretend,think highly of,besides Learn some important drills: I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. Besides,my father once told me that any person who finds something could keep it. I must say that I agree with you. I must say that I don?t agree with you. Help the students learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Enable the students to learn how to make judgments and give their opinions. Process and Strategies The teacher may lead the students to sum up some grammatical items themselves. Give some necessary explanation. Feelings and Value Through the studying of this part the students will know more about the -ing form as a noun.Besides,their ability of transference will be strengthened. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision 1.Greetings. 2.Ask the students to use the first person to retell the passage about Dr Yuan,and ask them to try to use the proper 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 conjunctions. Step 2 Useful words and expressions T:From the reading part,we can find some useful words and expressions.So now please find the words and expressions that means the same from the text.(Ex.1 on Page 11) After two minutes,the teacher begins to check the answers and give the right answers: Suggested answers: 1.sunburnt 2.hunger 3.rid...of 4.expand 5.circulate 6.lead a...life 7.would rather 8.thanks to 9.struggle 10.export T:Now Let?s come to Ex.2.Please complete the passage with words and expressions from the previous sections,then I?ll ask you to give me the answers sentence by sentence. After several minutes,the teacher ask the students to give their answers. Suggested answers: 1.prove 2.would rather 3.live a 4.life 5.rid 6.of 7.output 8.increased 9.sunburnt T:How about Ex.3,have you found the answers?I?d like to ask some of you to read the sentences and then give me the answers. Suggested answers: 1.super 2.satisfied 3.strain 4.exported 5.suitable Step 3 Discovering useful structuresT:Let?s come to discovering useful structures,at first let?s finish the exercises in this part.Do you know what does “ even a poor person can have a wish” mean? S:It means “Wishing for things costs nothing.”T:Very good!Now please rewrite the sentences in Ex.2 on Page 12. After five minutes,the teacher checks the answers.(Ss answer the questions one by one.) Suggested answers: 1.Helping people in need of help is nice. 2.Growing hybrid rice isn?t easy. 3.Learning more about farming isn?t difficult. 4.Doing research in the countryside isn?t easy. 5.Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries. 6.Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. T:Do you think it?s very easy to learn about the -ing form as the subject?But how about the -ing form as the object?Now I?d like to check the answers of Ex.3 on Page 12. (Ss give the answers one by one.) Suggested answers: 1.Dr Yuan likes talking to rice growers about his work. 2.He continued doing research until a better strain of rice was found. 3.Many city kids look forward to visiting the countryside. 4.Not all students enjoy working in the fields. 5.They started producing hybrid rice in 1974. 6.I remember meeting the scientist while he was in Beijing last time. Step 4 Grammar T:Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing as a noun.So at first who can tell me what a noun can be used as in a sentence?And please give me some examples. S:It can be used as subject.For example:Smoking is harmful to our health. T:Now I think you have known how to use the v.-ing as subject.But how about others? S:It can also be used as object.For example:I have forgotten seeing this film. T:You are right.The v.-ing form can be used as object,too.Now let?s come to know more about it. 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 T:Very good.(The teacher may give a systematical explanation of the grammar.) Step 5 Homework 1.Finish the related exercises on Workbook. 2.Prepare for the next class. 3.Finish the exercises about the -ing form as the subject and object. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about language 1.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的 chemistry n.化学 2.Phrases that can be used with the -ing form: be good at;care (little) about;dream of;devote...to;see the need for;be afraid of;be concerned about;be interested in Record after Teaching Activities and Research When leading in the grammar part,you may give the students some examples about the -ing form as a noun and encourage the students to sum up the grammatical rules.Then the teacher may ask the students to make up as many sentences as possible to consolidate it. Reference for Teaching Grammar 动名词 一、概述 和不定式一样,动名词也是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由动词原形加-ing构成。动名词有主动和被动两种语态,有一般式,完成式和进行式三种形式。如下表所示: 语 主动 被动 态 时 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 完成进行式 having been doing 无 动名词仍保留有动词的特征,可以和自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状语等构成动名词短语。动名词具有名词的功能,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 二、动名词的时态和语态形式 1.动名词的时态形式 ?一般式 动名词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或者表示一种无时间性限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 He enjoys writing letters in English. 他喜欢用英语写信。 Many young people like playing football.许多年轻人喜欢踢足球。 ?完成式 动名词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词的动作或状态,如: They regret having been unable to help you.他们为没能帮上你的忙而遗憾。 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 After having written the letter,he went to post it.他写完信,就去寄它了。 She regretted having missed the film.她后悔没有看到那部电影。 ?完成进行式 动名词的完成进行时表示动作发生于谓语动作之前,并一直持续到谓语动词的动作发生之时,或继续。 如: Forgive me for my having been interrupting you so much.原谅我打扰你这么久。 2.动名词的被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时,用被动式。如: He climbed through the window without being seen.他从窗口爬进去,没有被人发现。 She needs to work without being disturbed (=without people disturb her). 她要在无人干扰的情况下才能工作。 动名词的被动语态分成一般式和完成式两种。如: The railway is in the process of being constructed. 铁路在兴建中。 After having kept a prisoner in the Bastille for many years,Dr Manette had recently been set free. 曼奈特医生被关在巴士底监狱许多年后,最近获释。 特别提示:-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义 在want,need,deserve,require 等动词后,总是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于“to be+过去分词”。 如: My watch needs repairing (= to be repaired ). 我的手表需要修理。 The house wants cleaning.这房屋需要打扫。 在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样。如: The film is worth seeing.这部影片值得一看。 The place is worth visiting.那个地方值得一游。 三、动名词的否定式 动名词的否定式通常是在动名词前加否定词not。例如: I apologize for my not having kept promise. 我没能遵守诺言,十分抱歉。 I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。 1.作主语 动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式: (1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 Talking is easier than doing。说比做容易。 (2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是 某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun，no use,worth等。例如: It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It?s worth making the effort. 这事值得去做。 Is it any good trying to explain? 想再解释一次有好处吗? 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 (3)在there be结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do...”。例如: There is no hiding of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知,除非己莫为。 There is no joking about such matter。 这种事开不得玩笑。 There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。 注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的比较: 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。例如: As a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure. 还是个孩子的时候,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦。 Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. 到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 Doing nothing is doing ill. 什么也不做就是作恶。 He said,“To go on like this is no use.” 他说:“继续这样下去是无用的。” It?s an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有: It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 There is no doing 无法……,不允许…… There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干……无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比……更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干……无意义 There was no knowing where we would go. 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 注意:There is no need to do sth.干……没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing。 There is no need to tell her.没有必要告诉她。 提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 My sister?s being ill made we worried. 我姐姐病了,使我很担心。 Your being right doesn?t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 2.作动词的宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接 不定式作宾语。 (1)只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有 avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 等。如: I can?t avoid going.我不能不去。 Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake. 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? People couldn?t help laughing foolish man. 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。 (2)既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的 有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。 A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表 示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。例如: I considered going,but I have this composition to write. 我考虑要去,可是我要写这篇作文。 I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. 我喜欢从政治、体育及音乐等方面学习新的事情。 We believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air. 我们相信将会有更多的人喜欢乘坐飞机旅行。 在would like,love,prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如: I?d prefer to do that tomorrow.这事我想明天再做。 I?d like to do some shopping,but not during the day. 我倒是想去购物,但又不想白天去。 I?d like you to meet Dr Zhang. 我想让你见一见张医生。 Oh,I would love to be a contestant. 噢,我倒是想做个参赛者。 B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。例如: Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the Southern States. 20年代爵士音乐在美国南部各州开始发展。 The ship started to leak and begin to fill with water. 船体开始出现漏洞,并开始进水。 Hank started to walk through the carriages to get back to his seat. 汉克开始走回他自己坐的车厢。 Journalists have to stop working on one story and start working immediately on the important new one. 新闻记者不得不停下手中所写的,立刻开始写最新的重要新闻。 当begin/start 与see,think,feel,understand等动词连用时,用不定式。例如: They began to understand how important the forest is. 他们开始明白森林有多么重要。 begin/start用进行式时,只能后接不定式。例如: I was beginning to wonder if it was easy enough to go on the climbing. 我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。 I?m starting to put on weight again. 我又开始长胖了。 C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 表示后于谓语动作,例如: I remember posting the letter. 我记得我已把信寄了。 I?ll remember to post the letter. 我会记着去寄信的。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 Don?t forget to write to your mother. 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 I regret missing the report. 我真后悔没赶上那次 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 会。 I regret to say I can?t take your advice. 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如try to do (设法),try doing (试试),mean to do (打算,有意要做),mean doing (意思是,意味着)。例如: We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 我们用别的方法做这工作试试。 Let?s try doing the working in some other way. I didn?t mean to make you angry.我并不想叫你生气。 Your plan would mean spending hours.你的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 意味着要花费几个小时。 E.go on doing 和go on to do go on doing继续做一直在做的事;go on to do接着做另一件事。例如:Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。 F.stop doing与stop to do stop doing停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如: We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。 We stopped to talk.我们停了下来去谈话。 3.作介词的宾语 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。 A.介词+动名词,如: We?ve got to think of ways of changing people?s habits. 我们得想些办法改变人们的习惯。 I apologize for being so angry with you. 我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。 After being away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up. 离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪。 B.动词+介词+动名词,例如: I insist on taking proper food for this expedition. 我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。 Instead of smiling,each of them made a face. 同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。 She was very interested in working for our company. 她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Period 2 Learning about L The General Idea of This Period In this period the students are to do some exercises on the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part.It is to help them use the useful words and expressions from the context.They are also to learn something about the usage of -ing form.To achieve the above aims,that is,the teacher will get the students to work on the exercises individually first and then check the answers together with their partners.While dealing with the usage of -ing form,the teacher will help the students do it as a task.That is,the teacher will first ask the students to find and read some sentences from the text in which the -ing form is used,then ask them to discover the function of each -ing form,summarize the rules and apply them to the exercises.This is to help the students to learn autonomously and How to grasp and apply the the usage of - How to gain the ability to use the key words and expressions Autonomous learning,cooperative learning,task- A multi- Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Help the students gain the ability to use the Help the students learn something about the usage of - Individual work to finis Get the students to sum up the grammatical rules themselves.Meanwhile,train their ability of appreciating simple Teaching Procedures T:Nice to see you again.I?m sure each of you has prepared an English joke or funny story for us?Now first share them with your partners,so that everyone has a chance to present your work,and then some volunteers will tell their jokes T:Who would like to tell your English jokes or fu S:I?d like to.My joke is very short.One day the teacher asked the class when Rome was built?Tom answered,“At night”.The teacher felt puzzled and asked,“ Who told you that?”“You did.You said Rome wasn?t built in a day.”answered Tom. T:That? S:Let me tell you a funny story.The title of the story is Key to one’s success.It goes like this.One day a father was teaching his son and said,“The keys to your success are keeping your word and cleverness.Once you promise somebody a promise,you must carry it out no matter what will happen.This is called „keeping one?s word.?”“What is cleverness?” asked his son.“Cleverness is that you? T: T:Just now we had great fun telling jokes and stories.Let?s move on to the Discovering useful words and expressions part.I?d like you to do Exercises 1、2 and 3 first individually,as I think they are easy for you to finish them,and then 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 T:Let? Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text break down food using teeth chew outer covering of a body or plant skin the lower part or point of something bottom be happy and satisfied with;not wanting more content surprise greatlyastonish in every part of throughout special,more than usual particularly someone or something that is not successful failure extremely good outstanding when water is hot enough to turn into gas boil 1.chew 2.astonishes 3.bottom 4.contented 5.particular 6.throughout 7.failure Noun Adjective Noun Adjective enjoyment enjoyable difficulty difficult entertainment entertaining cruelty cruel mouth mouthful honesty honest help helpful fortune fortunate T:Finished?You see it is very important to learn to use the useful words and expressions in the given situation.Only in this way can you gain the ability to use them correctly.It is the same with the learning of grammar.So in the next part,while learning the usages of -ing form,you should also learn them by discovering the usages,summarizing the rules and then you can apply them to speaking and writing.Now let?s move on to the next part. T:First you are to read the text once again quickly to find out the sentences in which the -ing form is used,and try to tell the function of each - T:Have you finished your job?OK,let? 1.Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the ro 5.Their job is T:From these sentences what can you learn about the - S:Let me try.From these sentences,we can learn that the -ing form can be used as the attribute,the predicative and the T: S:When an -ing form word is used as the attribute,it is put before the noun,while when an -ing form phrase is used as 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 T:What a good observation!Another point for you to bear in mind is that when the -ing form is used as the attribute,it may tell the use of the noun or tell the action,character or quality of the noun,and the -ing form attribute can be replaced by an attributive clause.Now let?s consolidate thi T: S: T: S: T:It seems that you have master the usage of the -ing form as attribute.Now,do the same with your partners and finish T:Now let?s have a competition.Look at Exercise 3 on Page 21.I? T:This is a very interesting exercise,isn?t it?Let?s learn the usage of -ing form as the object complement.Can you tell the structure of - Ss: T:Yes.The object complement is used to explain what object has done,or doing,or to do.Or we can think that the speaker wants to express his/her meaning more completely.Of course,in this unit we only study the -ing form as the T:OK,now let?s check the answers for this Exercise.Who would lik The teacher can ask 9 students to read the 9 complete sentences to check the answers.If there are some questions,the T:Well,can you analyze the part of speech of the - S:In the first three sentences the - T: S:Yes.In the fifth,the sixth,the seventh,the eighth and the ninth sentence,the -ing form is also used as the object T: S:In the fourth sentence,the - T:Quite right.It is very important to analyze the sentences correctly while learning the usages of the -ing form.And here,I?d like to remind you to pay attention to the verbs that can be followed by the -ing form as the object T:Well,now let?s look at Ex 4.Who would lik S: S: S: S: S:The film is more interesting than any that I? T:Very good.All of them are right.In order to make sure that you master the usage of the structure,I?ll give you some more sentences.Now please look at the screen,and try to analyze the usage of the - 1.Its full-time job is laying eggs.(Laying eggs is its full-time T:In the first two sentences,the -ing form is used to express a constant action of the subject.In the next three sentences the - Ss: T:Well,I?ll give you some words that can be used as the predicative to show the character of the subje charming 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 interesting moving inspiring disappointing boring encouraging confusing astonishing tiring exciting frightening T:Well,it?s almost time for a break.We have to bring an end to the class.To consolidate what we have learned in this period,I?d like you to do the exercises in the Using words and expressions part and the exercises in the Using structures part as your homework.Yes,if you want to master a grammar item,you must do much practice,and practice Ss: The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 3 A taste of English humour Period 2 Learning about language The usage of the - Record after Teaching Activities and Research In this period the teacher may offer the students a situation and ask the students make up a story according to the situation given using the -ing form.It seems to be a two-birds-with-one-stone task,which can not only enable the students to apply the - Reference for teaching 动词-ing 形式 动名词可以在句子中充当定语,表示所修饰名词的用途或使用目的,并且位于所修饰词的前面。可以转换1. 成“for...”的结构。例如 swimming pool reading room waiting room dining room painting shop washing machine teaching building sleeping bag dancing hall 2.现在分词在句子中也可以充当作定语,表示正在进行的动作、状态、性质、特征。可以转换成定语从句 结构或表语结构。例如:a developing country=a country which is developing;the tiring journey=the journey is 注意:单个现在分词作定语放在所修饰名词的前面;分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词的后 a waiting man a missing boy 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 a walking man a drinking horse the girl wearing a red skirt the man standing at the school gate the old the farmers getting in crops the man chewing his own shoes the surprising news an interesting story moving deeds a disappointing answer the boring class encouraging words confusing choices astonishing loud sound 3.动名词可以在句子中充当表语,表示一般性、经常性的动作。这是主语和表语的位置可以互换。例如 Its full-time job is laying eggs.(Laying eggs is its full- 现在分词在句子中也可以充当表语,表示主语的性质、特征。这是主语和表语的位置不可以互换。例如 4. What she said was 常可以作表语的现在分词有 charming interesting moving inspiring disappointing boring encouraging confusing astonishing tiring 5.现在分词可以在句子中充当宾语补足语,表示正在发生的动作。例如 常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的多是一些使役动词(have,get,send,leave,keep)、感官动词 (see,hear,watch,observe,notice,catch,find,listen to,look at,etc.)。 Period 2 Learning about Language The General Idea of This Period This period will consolidate the words and expressions the students learnt in the reading part and deal with the grammar part:-ing form as the adverbial and the attribute.You will have systematic explanations of it and assign some exercises for the students to consolidate what they learn. Get the students to use the - Get the students to master the useful words and expressions lear How to help the students to use the - Question-and- 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Pair work or group work A multi- Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Help the students recognize the useful words and expressions learnt in Reading:be li Master the usage of the - Systematic explanation to help the students apply the - Get the students to apply the - Step 1 Revision T:Good morning,boys and girls!Last class I assigned you to collect some information about body language in diff S:Different cultures often have different forms of behavior by sending the same body signals.Nodding one?s head is generally meant to show agreement “yes”,but to Nepalese,Sri Lankans,some Indians and some Eskimos,it means not T: Step 2 Useful words and expressions T:You are expected to complete the exercises in Learning about language independently.Now let?s check the Suggested answers: 1.local (are) 2.represent 3.approach 4.major 5.express 6.curious 7.general8.likely to (do something) 1.major 2.introduce 3.body language 4.general 5.represent 6.actions 7.spoken 8.likely to;express 9.approach 10.curious;avoids New words Part of speech Words in reading passage Part of speech majority noun major adjective act verb action noun curiosity noun curious adjective introduction noun introduce verb representative noun represent verb locality noun local adjective avoidance noun avoid verb 1.nod 2.hug 3.kiss 4.shake 5.smile 6.clap 7.slap 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Pic 5:raise one? Pic 6:shrug one? Pic 8:shake one? Pic 11:scratch one? Step 3 Find sentences T:OK,so much for the homework.Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing form used as adverbial and attribute.First,I will give you 4 minutes to read the text again on Page 25 and find out all the sentences with the v.- After 4 minutes,ask some students to read out the sentences they? T:OK,time? S:They are visitors coming from several countries S:Four people enter looking around in a curious way S:This is an exciting experience for you,so you stand watching and listening S:You see her step back appearing surprised,and take a few S:The visitor from Japan comes in smiling at the same time S:His nose touches Mr Cook?s moving hand S:Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away. S:In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance,actions or posture S:Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands,but some cultures use other greetings as S:She arrives hurrying,recognizes Mr Garcia?s smiling face,and then they shake hands and kiss each other twice on S:It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. Step 4 Structure study T:Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing as the attribute.It means that the v.-ing form is used as the adjective to modify a noun.In the above sentences,which sentences have the v.-ing a S:They are visitors coming from several countries S:This is an exciting S:His nose touches Mr Cook?s moving hand,and the S:She arrives hurrying,recognizes Mr Garcia?s smiling face,and then they shake hands and kiss each other twice on S:It is an interesting T:Very good.You have totally understood the usage of v.-ing as attribute.Now,let?s learn more.Take the second sentence for example.Four people enter looking around in a curious way.In this sentence,the v.-ing describes the movement “enter”.So it?s used as an adverbial.In the above se S:Four people enter looking around in a curious way S:This is an exciting experience for you,so you stand watching and listening S:You see her step back appearing surprised,and take a few steps away from Mr Garcia. 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 S:The visitor from Japan comes in smiling at the same time S:Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away S:In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance,actions or posture S:She arrives hurrying,recognizes Mr Garcia?s smiling face,and then they shake hands and kiss each other twice on each cheek. Step 5 Exercises for consolidation T:So far you have got a clear idea about the v.-ing as the attribute and adverbial.Now let?s do some exercises to consolidate your understanding.Have a look at Ex.2 on Page 29.There are some verbs in the box.You have to use their 1.We were all nervous about the approaching 2.Business leaders look very serious.They do not often have smiling 3.The shaking buildings showed us that 4.It is exciting to watch competing 1.My mother is a happy woman.She always gets up smiling 2.After the dog fell in the lake,it climbed out shaking 3.After we saw the comedy show,we left the theatre laughing 4.The blind man walked touching T:OK.So much for the textbook.Now have a look at the following sentences.There are some mistakes in the following sentences.You are required to find out the mistakes and correct them.I will give you 5 minutes to finish this The sentences with some mistakes: 1.Having not seen the film,I can? 2.The men worked for extra hours got an 5.“Can? 6.Knocking at the door before T: S:1.Not having seen the film,I can? S: S: S: S:5.“Can?t you r S: S:7.European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world. Step 7 Summary and Homework T:Today we have gone over the important words and expressions in this unit.We?ve learnt the v.-ing form as the attribute and as the adverbial.I hope you? T: The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Unit 4 Body language Period 2 Learning about language 4.Structure study (v.- Record after Teac Activities and Research The teacher may first prepare some cards on which some words are written describing body movements.And then two students are needed to act-and-guess,that is,one is to act the body movements and the other may just speak Reference for teaching 动词-ing形式作定语和状语 作定语 1.动词-ing形式作定语,单个分词作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征，表示“供 作……之用”和“……的”。 a walking stick (a stick used for walking) 手杖 drinking water (water for drinking) 饮用水 a waiting room (a room for waiting) 候车/诊室 working people 劳动人民 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 2.动词-ing形式的短语放在所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。 他们是来自数个不同国家的参观者。 三天之后,我收到同意给我这份工作的来信。 站在那儿的女孩子是我同学。 作状语 动词-ing形式作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随或方式以及结果等。 1.表示方式或伴随 Four 有四个人走了进来,好奇地四处张望。(伴随 The boy sat in front of the farm- 那男孩坐在农舍前,砍树枝。 (伴随 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 (方式 He sent me an e-mail,hoping to ge 他给我发了一封邮件,希望可以得到更多信息。(伴随 2.表示时间 学生学习的方案，教师备课的设计 Hearing the news,he couldn? 听到那个消息,他禁不住大叫起来。 从窗外看出去,我看见了几个孩子在那儿玩。 Finding her car stolen,she hurried to a policeman 发现她的车被偷后,她赶忙去找警察帮忙。 在山里修隧道的时候,工人们发现了一个地下湖。 3.表示原因 因为我们是团员,我们乐意帮助别人。 Being poor,she couldn?t offer a computer.因为穷,她买不起电脑。 Having suffered from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he 由于长年受到心脏病困扰,怀特教授不得不走到哪都把药带在身边。 他们得再留在那里两个星期。 由于没有完成程序, 4.表示条件 Working hard,you? 如果你努力工作,你就一定会成功。 Using your head,you? 动动脑筋,你就会想到一个好办法。 5.表示结果 她很小心地画这幅画,以至于花了很长时间才完成。 The child slipped 那男孩子滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。 欧式足球在80个国家比赛过,令它成为全球最受欢迎的运动。 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the strong winds,blocking 大风刮倒了1500万棵树,阻塞了大小道路和铁路线。