隐喻转喻对比分析

隐喻转喻对比分析 国内图书分类号:H313 文学硕士学位论文 隐喻转喻对比分析 ?( 硕士研究生:宋 洋 ， ，，1 ^， 导 师:邹春玲 申请学位级N-文学硕士 卜 学科、专业:英语语言文学 所在单位:外国语学院 答辩日期:2010年3月 (，;L?????????????一 ((LI?????????r?? ?一lr‘‖or卜:?(0???I 授予学位单位:哈尔滨理工大学 l， ’ ‘ ? ， - 硕士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:此处所提交的硕士学位论文《隐喻转喻对比分析》，是本 人在导师指导下，在攻读硕士学位期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。据本 人所知，论文中除已注明部分外不包含他人已发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本 文研究工作做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式注明。本声明的法 律结果将完全由本人承担。 作者签名: 崭、锈 日期:J燔,D年弓月夕弓日 硕士学位论文使用授权书 《隐喻转喻对比分析》系本人在攻读硕士学位期间在导师指导下完成的硕 士学位论文。本论文的研究成果归所有，本论文的研究内容不得以其它单位的 名义发表。本人完全了解关于保存、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向 有关部门提交论文和电子版本，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权可以采用影 印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文，可以公布论文的全部或部分内容。 本学位论文属于 保密口，在 年解密后适用授权 书。 不保密d。 请在以上相应方框内打4 f 作者签名:釉净 日期:?oD年言月03日 导师签名: 日期:扣p年;月砖日 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕士学位论文 A on and ComparativeStudyMetaphor Abstract Theresearchof and has three metaphor experiencedperiods，from metonymy rhetoricintothe as classical of research(Soasfar palacecognitivelinguistics theoretical isconcerned Substitution paradigm with，the Theory,theComparison Interaction Blended Theory,theTheory,and Theory,the Mapping SpaceTheory focusonthe mechanism(Asviewedfrom mainly nature，and between and suchas metaphormetonymy,scholars that and Barcelona 2000:31―58 andMendoza 2000:121????124 proposemetaphor ofteninteractwitheach thata numberof are metonymy other,andlarge metaphors motivated(Barcelona for examinesthe motivation metonymically metonymic to theinteractionbetween and conceptualmetaphorstudy metonymy metaphor, the that meanwhileno fact theinstancesof aremotivated denying metonymies by oncertaincircumstance( metaphors this theliteraturereview However,indissertation，after surveying authorhas thatthedeficienciesin found lie twO aspects: scholarsthemselvesto of and 【1】Most apply discrepanciesmetaphormetonymy the betweenthem( ‘t research，ignoringrelationship ? 一 , internalmechanismof and wellashowtoachieve 【2】The metaphormetonymy,as in constructionhaven’ treceivecleardemonstration( interpretationmeaning theresearch shouldmakethedrawbackinthis Naturally questions up regard: 哈尔滨理丁大学文学硕:卜学位论文 a therecontinuumin and 【l】Is metaphormetonymy? the is mechanismofcontinuum? 【2】What operational whatthese in theories construction? 【3】In way operatemeaning , Theseresearch arealsothefocusofthisdissertation(After questions surveying and form of thefirst conceptualmetaphor cognitive view,in metonymy point place theauthorconcludesten itemson common of groundingcomparativeanalysis( onthetencommonitemsmentioned author arelative Basing before，theproposes new and to continuumcontextualcontinuumthe classification勰conceptual testify between and thebasisof and relationshipmetaphormetonymy(On previous study issafetodrawtheconclusionthatthedistinctionbetween corpus analysis，it and scattered isnot but constructionrelies scalar,and metaphormetonymy meaning onthevalue thecontinuum( pointalong Chinese However，takespecificinstance“乡愁是一枚邮票’L余光中《乡 愁》in for tothetraditionaltherea is of word example，accordingview,if signmetaphorical of“X “妇”intheform is shouldbe hereisthat Y”，it metaphor(Whereas， theproblem abovemotioned isnot inlinewiththetraditional examplefully definitionof sourcedomainsand domainsshouldhavea is，the metaphor,that target necessary andsufficient abovecitationistoachieve in similarity(The economycognition, connivanceinthe of formsanovel anda processcomprehension，whichmetaphor new view( cognitive Fromthe of is perspectiveunstereotypicalrelationship Zou differentfromthetraditionalviewon and distinguishingmetaphor view the hastestifiedexistenceofthecontinuumfrom to metaphormetonymy( ? The ofcontinuumfrom to in construction 【2】2 operation metaphormetonymmeaning andDenotationin construction( thatisthe ofConnotation interpretation meaning Afterthoseeffortsaremadetoestablisha whichsucha metonymy????-??metaphor,upon continuumare onabductive further can Why built，relying reasoning，forinquiring will ontheinheritanceofthe X somebasicattributesof answer possess Y，the rely Mental―Modelbased linkedwith Relation pragmaticreasoning Stereotypical Xu ConnotationandDenotationModel proposedby Shenghuang 2007b:2-7 and Zou proposedby Chunling 2009:218，2010 ( Thisdissertationconsistsofsix parts( of Partoneistheintroductionthewholedissertationwhich the explainsobjectives， and ofthis statesthebasicfeaturesof data thesis，and metaphor scope，hypothesis and withabriefintroductionof collectionand metonymy framework,data orderto and the and ofthis expoundproveplausibilityfeasibility methodology,in theoriesdomesticandabroadofthe thesis(In authorreviewsrelevant two，the part thisthesis( in andacademic for providehistory background pastyearsretrospect，and Partthreedescribesthetheoretical and background thebasisofrelevant author four,on theories，the methodology(Part rewordsthedefinitionofcontinuumin and the metaphor ofthis thedefinitionand provides analysispatterns dissertation(Accordingly,it III ? 摘 要 隐喻和转喻的研历经了三个阶段，从古典修辞学走入了认知语言学研究的殿 堂。对于隐喻转喻，就其理论范式而言，替代论，比较论，互动论，映射论及 维方式，概念隐喻是转喻激活的，但也不否认有的转喻由隐喻来激活。然而，‘ 通过综述，本文发现前人研究不足体现为: [1]认知学者致力于二者的差异比较，从而忽略了两者之间的联系和互动; [2]关于隐喻转喻内部机制问题以及如何实现意义构建等问题没有完全澄清， 涉及的相关问题如下: [1]隐喻转喻的关系是什么?是否有连续体的存在? 连续体的运作机制是什么? 隐喻转喻如何实现意义构建? 以上问题同时也是本文的焦点，在研究隐转转喻互动过程，作者在文献综述的 V 哈尔滨理丁大学文学硕十学位论文 基础上，从概念隐喻转喻的本质，机制和分类三方面，运用对比分析的方法， 总结了十条隐喻转喻的共同特征。 基于这十条相通点，作者提出了新的分类角度即:概念连续和语境连续来验证 连续体的存在，并运用语料分析的方法结合大量的英汉例子加以证明。由此得 出结论隐喻和转喻他们之间的界限是模糊的，他们的区别不是离散的，而是标 量的，意义构建取决于连续统上的条件取值，受语境，个人认知背景，说话意 图等影响。以具体语料“乡愁是一枚邮票’’一余光中《乡愁》为例，传统认 为，这里存在隐喻的标志词“是"符合x是Y的形式，所以是隐喻。这里的 问题是，这不完全符合传统隐喻的界定，即:源域和目标域具有充要的相似， 而是为达到语言表达的经济性便捷性而形成的新隐喻，也同时形成了新的认 方法证明了了隐喻转喻连续体的存在，这也是有别于他人的地方，相关焦点 如 下: [1]隐喻转喻连续统形成的条件和原因，其中有，属性的偶然相似，转喻操作 中的必然邻近和偶然邻近关系; [2]意义构建的隐喻转喻连续统操作，即内涵外延传承解释二者的最终意义实 现。 在建立了隐喻转喻连续体机制后，基于假设性思考方法，为了进一步回答为什 X拥有Y的相关属性问题时，作者借助于一种新的研究方法“基于心理模型的 语用推理模型”即:内涵外延模型，并结合常规关系下的两个相似相邻维度， 来回答这个问题。 VI 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕士学位论文 以上为本文的主要研究内容，本文的讨论共分六章。第一章是前言，解释了本 文的研究目的、研究范围、研究假设、语料等基本问题，并提及隐喻转喻的基 本特点，并对理论依据、数据收集、研究方法等问题进行简要说明，以此论证 此研究的必要性和可行性。第二章文献综述对国内外相关研究进行了回顾，为 本研究提供了历史和学术背景。第三章提出了一组假设，研究目的和研究方 法。第四章在讨论相关研究基础上，对隐喻转喻连续统的定义进行重述性补充 探讨，形成本文的分析模式，给出了本研究对连续统的工作定义和分类。第五 章讨论此连续统的工作机制，将其设立为一种认知一语用现象。第六章结束全 文并阐明了研究发现，研究的优缺点以及今后进一步研究的问题等。 关键词隐喻;转喻;连续体;常规关系;内涵外延模型 VU 哈尔滨理工大学文学硕卜学位论文 Contents Abstract„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„I 摘 要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„V 1 P:llrt Introduction„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(1 1(1TheProblem„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1(2 and ResearchQuestions Objectives„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1(2(1Research questions„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((4 of and 1(3 Research Type Hypothesis„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。5 1(3(1The ofresearch„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。5 type 1(3(2 Hypothesis„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(„„(6 1(4Methodology„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„((6 1(5Summary„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((6 FrameworkandRelatedLiterature„„„„„„„„„„„„。7 Pan2 Theoretical 2(1TheoreticalFramework„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(„„„(7 2(1(1Common basis„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((9 experiential 2(1(2 Implicature„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((10 2(1(3 structure„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(12 Category 2(1(4Culturalmodels„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((13 2(2RelatedLiterature„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14 of and 。2(2(1Thenature metonymy„„„„„„„„„„„„„。14 metaphor 2(2(2 mechanismof and Working metaphormetonymy„„„„„„„„(19 of and 2(2(3Classification metonymy„(:„„„„„(„„„„„26 metaphor 2(2(4Other studieson and linguistic metaphormetonymy„„„„„„((29 PjIIrt3 Method„„„((„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„35 3(1Introduction„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(„„„„„(„„„„:;!; 3(2Material(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(31; e 自 #目目目l$自l_目g自自目 目目目自目目 g 目’――――一一 (。。。。l堕玺鎏矍三』耋窒釜堡垒兰丝塑竺圣。。。审―。。。，。;;一 and 3(3ProcedureDesign„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。JJ 3(2(1 Design„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(„(„„„„„„??„„„ „„??35 Procedure„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„一37 3(2(2 Part4 Result„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„??39 4(1 Theoretical 4(2The Analysis„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39 4(2(1 Conceptual conti肿um„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„?44 ??4(2(2C0ntextual 4(3Summarv„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„??46 5 Discussion„„„„„„„„„(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„一52 Part 5(1hl仰oduction„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„52 Practical neoretical and 5(2 Significance Theoretical 5(2(1 5(2(2Practical and and Metonymy„„„„„„„((56 Relation 5(3Slereotypical Metaphor and 5(4C咖otation 6 Conclusion„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„????01 Part 6(1S删[Imary„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((Ol 6(2 and Validity FurtherResearch„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„??63 and 6(3Limitation Bibliography„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„‘”。 Published Pap 盯„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„一70 Abstract(„ 摘要„„ 第1章绪 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 1(1问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1(2研究问题及目 标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1(2(1研究问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4 1(2(2目标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。5 1(3研究方法和假 说„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(5 1(3(1研究方法„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 1(3(2假说„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。6 1(4方法论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(6 1(5总结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6 第2章理论框架及相关文 献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 2(1理论框架„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 2(1(1共同经验基础„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 2(1(2语用含义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 2(1(3范畴结构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12 2(1(4文化模式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。13 2(2相关文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14 2(2(1隐喻转喻的本 质„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。14 2(2(2隐喻转喻的工作机 制„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(19 2(2(3隐喻转喻的分 类„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(26 2(2(4其它关于隐喻转喻的研 究„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(29 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕一 学位论文 第3章方法 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„35 3(1介绍„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(35 3(2材料„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „(35 3(3研究步骤及设 计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。35 3(2(1研究步骤„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(35 3(2(2设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。37 第4章研究结 果„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39 4(1介绍„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39 4(2理论分 析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(39 4(2(1概念连 续„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(40 4(2(2语境连续„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„44 4(3总结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„46 第5章讨 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。((„„„„„52 5(1介绍„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(52 5(2理论意义及实践意 义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(55 5(2(1理论意义„„„„„(:„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„55 5(2(2实践意义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(55 5(3常规关系与隐喻转 喻„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„56 5(4内涵外延+相似相邻„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。58 第6章结 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„。61 6(1总结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(6l 6(2信度及效 度„„„„„„„„„„(((„„„„„„„„„„„„„63 6-3局限性及进一步研 究„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„63 参考文 献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(65 攻读硕士论文期间发表的论 文„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„((70 哈尔滨理rT大学文学硕+学位论文 致 谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„(71 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕仁学位论文 Part1 Introduction The of hasa ofmorethantwothousand Was studymetaphorhistory years(Metaphor consideredtobearhetorical formthetraditional approach modern links to lifeand theory metaphorical metaphorpeople’Severyday thinking relates totheinteractionbetween process，andmetaphor people’ Scognition, andtheoutsideworld(ItCanbeseenthatmodern experience metaphoricaltheory asa of and existsin regardsmetaphorwaythinkingcognition(Metaphorpervasively lifeand an rolein people’Severyday language，andplaysimportantconstructing been on in has mostscholarsthe people’Sconceptualsystem，whichagreedby relevant with viewedasa studyfield(Metonymy,liketraditionally metaphor,is of ornamentaldevice inrhetoricalisbelievedthat figurespeech，an applied style(It andwritewith toachievesomeartisticandrhetoricaleffects peoplespeak metonymy ortOfulfill view in communication isreflectedtheirstandard eloquently(This tendtodescribe as“a of thatconsistsin definitions，which metonymyfigurespeech one forthat withwhich thenameof of else itisassociated” using thing something NewWorld Webster’S Dictionary ( and existsin lifeand Nowadays，metaphormetonymypervasivelypeople’Severyday an rolein language，andplaysimportantconstructingpeople’ Sconceptualsystem， whichhasbeen on mostscholarsintherelevantfield(Recent agreedby study years havewitnessedan interestintheroleof and asa ‘H increasing metaphormetonymy asLakoffandJohnson’S oftwo mechanism，such pervasiveconceptual projection Faucormier’S cognitivedomains Lakoff&Johnson，1980 andconceptualblending ?? theory Fauconnier&Turner,1998:133―187 ，etc( on and and ?? through efforts，such Studymetaphormetonymyprotractedunremitting 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕+学位论文 astheSubstitution Interaction Theory,theComparisonTheory,the Theory,the Blended have remarkable obtained Theory,which MappingTheory,thespace achievements(FromAristotleto definitionand Fauconnier&Tumer,the operational mechanism and havebeenstudiedalot( of metaphormetonymy onthe ofthecharacteristicsof explication Layingemphasiscomprehensive metaphor and isnotwhatwemostconcemed outofanattentionto metonymy about(Growing theinteractionbetween and dissertationintendsto metaphormetonymy,thepresent the between and thatthe exploreinterrelationshipmetaphormetonymy,presenting two areinteractiveratherthan and themechanismof concepts competitiverequiring this novel Callnotbe interaction(Proposingapproach separatedinheringprevious on and some asJohn studymetaphormetonymy,tolinguisticinvestigators，such distinctionbetween and isnot Geeraerts 2002 ，ete,themetaphormetonymywholly countless ale seems clear(Meanwhile，for motivated,it metaphorsmetonymically thatacontinuumexistbetween and as may metaphormetonymyservingprototypical atthetwoendandalsomiddleareas( categories fuzzy The thesis a on and ofthis present beginsbygivingsurreymetaphormetonymy, SO the and 011(After nature，mechanismclassification，interactive including patens thateffortsaremadetoestablisha and continuumand metonymy metaphor mechanismswhichsuchacontinuumis how and built，for upon inquiringmetaphor authorresortstoMental??Modelbased work，indissertation，the metonymy pragmatic linkedwith Relation Xu reasoning Stereotypicalproposedby 7 ( Thisdissertationconsistsofsix parts( Part1istheintroductionofthewholedissertationwhich thebasicfeatures explains 2 哈尔滨理T大学文学硕士学位论文 and of and in withthe properties metaphormetonymyconjunctionrationale，the methodsandthe ofthe purpose，datacollection，researchscope etc( presentstudy Part2 aliteraturereviewofthe studiesof gives and previous metaphormetonymy the ofthe the including nature，themechanism，and perspectives classification， I interactivetosketchthehistoricalandacademic tothe patens backgroundpresent study( ( Part 3isabrief use硒inthewhole methodology thesisisinvolved(Tothe improve ofthe be method，the efficiency followingapproachmay method，deductive butno the research，analytic method，corpus，lastleast， on most oneshouldbetheabductiove contrary,theimportant reasoning(Etc( Part 4 anew ofcontinuumfrom andcontextualonthe gives taxonomy conceptual ofa to revisitthe the ground patenspreviously,andconclusionthat proposed between and isnotscatteredbutscalar(There discrepancymetaphor are metonymy and set a manypointsalongmetaphor continuum，which metonymy up type structurein construction( hierarchy meaning Part5 a ofmetalmodelwithan beginsdescription aimoffurtherdiscussionof why andhowthe can createandunderstandthe utterancesandon speaker metaphorical the ofMental-Modelbased linkedwith grounding pragmaticreasoning Stereotypical Relation Xu proposedby ShenghUan 2007b:2-7 ( Part6concludes thedissertationto and explicatefindings weaknesses，and strengths forfurther suggestionsstudiesere( 3 哈尔滨理工大学文学硕士学位论文 g g,目 目E!!E?jj目E Ee !!! 目自目E自目I―II_一] (I(Ig目 目l? 目罨自目-毒_ 1(1The Problem ne of and study the metaphor fromthe metonymyexperienced Substitution process Theory,the Interaction ComparisonTheory,the Theory,the MappingTheory,the Blended whatisthe Space mechanismofeach Theory,concerningnature，and one hasbeenhashed out(Whereas: scholars 【1】Most focusonthe modulesof just separate and metaphormetonymv research and the between