压缩机制冷原理

压缩机制冷原理 制冷压缩机工作原理浅述 制冷压缩机是空调系统的核心部件，通常称为制冷机的主机。科学技术的进步，新式空调系统不断出现，推动了制冷压缩机制造技术的不断进步。从目前制冷压缩机的发展趋势来看，结构紧凑、高效节能以及微振低噪等特点是空调压缩机制造技术不断追求的目标。下面对制冷压缩机做一个概述. 作用: l、从蒸发器中吸m蒸气，以保证蒸发器内一定的蒸发压力; 2、提高压力(压缩)，以创造在较高温度下冷凝的条件; 3、输送制冷剂，使制冷剂完成制冷循环。 一、压缩机的种类很多，根据工作原理的不同，空调压缩机可以分为定排量压缩机和变排量压缩机。 l、定排量压缩机的排气量是随着发动机的转速的提高而成比例提高的，它不能根据制冷的需求而自动改变功率输，而且对发动机油耗的影响比较大。它的控制一般通过采集蒸发器出风口的温度信号来实现，当温度达到设定的温度，压缩机停止工作;当温度升高后，压缩机开始 T二作。定排量压缩机也受空调系统压力的控制，当管路内压力过高时，压缩机停止工作。 2、变排量压缩机可以根据设定的温度自动调节功率输出。空调控制系统不采集蒸发器m风口的温度信号，而是根据空调管路内压力变化信号来控制压缩机的压缩比从而自动调节m 风口温度。在制冷的全过程中，压缩机始终是工作的，制冷强度的调节完全依赖装在压缩机内部的压力调节阀来控制。当空调管路内高压端压力过高时，压力调节阀缩短压缩机内活塞行程以减小压缩比，这样就会降低制冷强度。当高压端压力下降到一定程度，低压端压力上升到一定程度时，压力调节阀则增大活塞行程以提高制冷强度。 二、根据工作方式的不同， 可分为两大类—— 容积型与速度型。 容积型压缩机是靠工作腔容积的改变来实现吸汽、压缩、排汽等过程。属于这类压缩机的有往复式压缩机和回转式压缩机。速度型压缩机是靠高速旋转的T作I1"轮对蒸气做功，压力升高，并完成输送蒸气的任务。属于这类压缩机的有离心式和轴流式压缩机，目前常用的是离心式压缩机。1、往复式压缩机的工作原理 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 往复式压缩机又称活塞式压缩机。压缩机的工作腔是汽缸。活塞在汽缸内作上下往复运动，从而完成了压缩、排汽、膨胀、吸汽等过程。图1中的四个过程分别 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示了压缩机1二作中的四个过程。 到最低位置(称活塞的下止点)时，汽缸吸满蒸气。而活塞转而向上，这时吸、排汽门都关闭，汽缸容积缩小，蒸气被压缩，一直压缩到排汽压力为止。图中(b)为排汽过程:当压力达到一定值(大于排汽管内压力)时，排汽阀开启，活塞继续上移，蒸气排出，一直到活塞上移到最高位置(这位置称活塞的上止点)时，排汽结束。图中(c)是余隙膨胀过程:为了防止活塞与吸排汽阀碰撞，活塞上移到上止点时，活塞与汽缸顶部之间留有一定间隙，称余隙。当活塞转而向下运动时，排汽结束时留在余隙内的高压蒸气阻止吸汽阀开启，吸汽不能开始。这时余隙内的蒸气随着活塞下移而进行膨胀，一直膨胀到吸汽压力以下时才结束。图中之(d)是吸汽过程:吸汽阀开启，随着活塞往下运动而吸汽，一直进行到活塞下移到活塞下止点为止。 ( 2)优点:它应用比较广泛，制造技术成熟，结构简单，而且对加工材料和加工lT艺要求较低，造价比较低，适应性强，能适应广阔的压力范围和制冷量要求，可维修性强。 (3)缺点:无法实现较高转速，机器大而重，不容易实现轻量化，排气不连续，气流容易出现波动，而且工作时有较大的振动。由于曲轴连杆式压缩机的上述特点，已经很少有小排量压缩机采用这种结构形式，曲轴连杆式压缩机目前大多应用在客车和卡车的大排量空调系统中。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2、螺杆式压缩机的构造与工作过程 螺杆式压缩机是一种回转式容积式压缩机。它利用螺杆的齿槽容积和位置的变化来完成蒸气的吸人、压缩和排IqJ过程。无油螺杆压缩机在本世纪三十年代问世，主要用于压缩空气。后来汽缸内喷油的螺杆式压缩机出现，性能得到提高，目前，喷油式螺杆压缩机已是制冷压缩机中主要机种之一。螺杆式压缩机分为双螺杆和单螺杆两大类，双螺杆压缩机习惯上称为螺杆式压缩机。 (1)图2为喷油式螺杆式压缩机的构造。在断面为双圆相交的汽缸内，装有一对转子—— 阳转子和阴转子。阳转子有四个齿，阴转子有六个齿，两根转子相互啮合。当阳转子旋转一周，隐转子旋转2,3周，或者说，阳子的转速比阴转子的转速快50,。图3是螺杆式压缩机从吸汽靠排汽的工作过程，在汽缸的吸汽端座上开有吸汽口，当齿槽与吸汽口相通时，吸汽就开始，随着螺杆的旋转，齿槽脱离吸汽口，一对齿槽空间吸满蒸气，如图(a)。螺杆继续旋转，两螺杆的齿与齿槽相互啮合，有汽缸体、啮合的螺杆和排汽端座组成的齿槽容积变小，而且位置向排汽端移动，完成了对蒸气压缩和输送的作用，如图 (b)。当这对齿槽空间与端座的排汽 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 口相通时，压缩终了，蒸气被排出，如图(c)。每对齿槽空间都存在着吸汽、 压缩、排汽三个过程。在同一时刻存在着吸汽、压缩、排汽三个过程，不过 它们发生在不同的齿槽空间。 (2)螺杆式压缩机的优点: ?螺杆式压缩机只有旋转运动，没有往复运动，因此压缩机的平衡性好，振动小，可以提高压缩机的转速。 ?螺杆式压缩机的结构简单、紧凑，重量轻，无吸、排汽阀，易损件少，可靠性高，检修周期长。 ?在低蒸发温度或高压缩比工况下，用单级压缩仍然可正常工作，且有良好的性能。这是由于螺杆式压缩机没有余隙，没有吸、排汽阀，故在这种不利工况下仍然有较高的容积效率。 ?螺杆式压缩机对湿压缩不敏感。 ?螺杆式压缩机的制冷量可以在10,一100,范围内无级调节，但在40,以上负荷时的调节比较经济。 (3)缺点:噪声较大，以及需要设 置一套润滑油分离、冷却、过滤和加压的辅助设备，造成机组体积大。 (4)应用范围 双螺杆压缩机在化工、制冷及空气动力工程中，它所占的比重较大。螺杆压缩机的容积流量范围是2 50m 3,12f a)吸气结束 f b)压缩行程 f c)排出开始之前 图4旋涡式压缩机工作原理 1、定圈2、动圈3、动圈涡旋中心4、5、6、8、制冷剂气体7、最小压缩容积9、排气口 10、动圈涡旋中心l1、开始压缩客积(最大容积)12、回旋半径min，终了压力一般小于12MPa，个别场合可达4(5MPa。在化工系统中，大都采用于式结构，而空气动力工程与制冷领域中school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 常采用湿式。 3、旋涡式压缩机的工作原理旋涡式压缩机的机理早在20世纪初由法国人所发明，但是由于当时加工精度不高和结构上存在问题，而一直未得到推广使用。到了七十年代，这项技术在美国才开始得到应用。自本世纪80年代以来，涡旋压缩机以其机构紧凑、高效节能、微振低噪以及工作可靠性等特点，开始在小型制冷及空调领域获得越来越广泛的应用，也因此成为压缩机技术发展的主要方向之一。旋涡式压缩机也是一种容积型回转式压缩机，一般为直立型。其结构主要分为动静式和双公转式2种，目前动静式应用最为普遍，它的工作部件主要由动涡轮与静涡轮组成。动、静涡轮的结构十分相似，都是由端板和由端板上伸出的渐开线型涡旋齿组成，两者偏心配置且相差180o，静涡轮静止不动，而动涡轮在专门的防转机构的约束下，由曲柄轴带动作偏心回转平动，无自转，只有公转。 (1)工作原理 如图4所示，一对相同型线且相 互错开180度的涡旋叶片圈组合一对啮合，动圈2以回旋半径的圆作不旋转的回运动。如(A)所示，在吸气完了时，一对涡旋圈共形成两对月牙形容积。最大的月牙容积l1即将开始压缩。动圈涡旋中心绕定圈涡旋中心连续公转，原最大的月牙容积实现a—b—c的压缩，达到预定压力，由排气口9排出。在月牙11压缩的同时，在动圈和定圈的外周义形成吸气容积4、8，连续回转运动过程中，也实现了相同的压缩，如此周而复始完成吸气、压缩、排气过程。 (2)涡旋式压缩机优点: ?容积效率高，因为相邻的月牙形空间之间的压差小，泄漏少，无吸汽和排汽阀，阻力小，无余隙容积的再膨胀。 ?绝热效率高，在同样制冷量情况下，旋涡式比往复式约高10,。 ?动涡盘与主轴等运动部件的受力变化小，整机振动小。 ?零部件少。约为往复式的40,。 ?驱动动涡盘运动的偏心轴可 以高速旋转，因此涡旋式压缩机体积小、重量轻，约比往复式轻l5,。 ?涡旋压缩机运转可靠，而且容易实现变转速运动和变排量技术。 (3)缺点:要求加工精度高。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification