2012江苏省职称英语社科类回答问题翻译-部分

2012江苏省职称英语社科类回答问题翻译-部分 一-1本题解析: Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban 【有道中英文对照】Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the in the foreseeable future. car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements. 一些专家悲观地认为,汽车势必淘汰。他们看到一天在不远的将来,所有的汽车将被取消,允许生锈。其他当局认为,The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will 汽车将呆在这里。他们认为,汽车将仍然是市内交通的主要工具在可预见的未来。 calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. more pollution-free than present types. 一些悲观的专家认为汽车将会被淘汰。他们看到在不久的将来，所有的汽车都会被丢弃，任其生锈。其他部门，然 而，认为汽车是留在这里。他们认为，汽车仍将是城市交通的主要工具在可预见的未来。 汽车无疑将显著改变在接下来的30年。它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济,不应该由汽油发动机。未来的汽车应比汽车无疑将改变在未来30年。它应该变得更小，更安全，更经济，而不应是由汽油发动机。未来的汽车应比目前更 现在的汽车产生更少的类型。 无污染类型。 不论其来源，未来的汽车仍将是城市交通拥挤的主要问题(拥挤)。提出的解决这个问题是自动公路系统。 Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic 当汽车进入公路系统，一个可伸缩臂(可伸缩的)将从汽车和轨道接触，这是类似于地铁列车供电电。一旦连接到 congestion(拥挤)o One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. 铁路，汽车就从供电系统，和控制的车辆将通过一台计算机。然后计算机将监控所有的汽车运动。 驾驶员将用电话拨打目的地的指令的系统。计算机将计算出最佳路线，并预留空间，汽车一直到正确的公路出口。 无论其电源,汽车在未来仍将是主要的问题在城市交通拥堵(拥挤)o提出解决这个问题的办法就是自动高速公路系司机将自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器(蜂鸣器)，提醒他他退出。据估计，一个自动公路将能够处理每小时10000辆，比1500 统。 至2000辆，可以由一个现代公路。 When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable(可伸缩的)arm will drop from the auto and make 2 contact with a rail，which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail，1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________. the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central A. its power source computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car，s movements. B. its driving system 当汽车进入高速公路系统,可伸缩(可伸缩的手臂)将会下降来自汽车和与铁路,这类似于那些驱动的地铁列车电。一 旦附加到栏杆,汽车将成为从系统电动力及控制的车辆将传递到中央计算机。计算机将监视所有的汽车,s运动。 C. its monitoring system The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. D. its seating capacity The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer(蜂鸣器)that will warn him of his coming exit. It is 2 2. What is the author’s main concern? 司机将使用一个电话拨号指令对他的目的地输入系统。计算机将计算最佳路径,并预留空间给汽车到正确的退出的高 速公路。司机将免费的放松和等待蜂鸣器(蜂鸣器),他的到来将警告他退出。这是 A. How to render automobiles pollution-free. estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10，000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2，000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles. 估计,一个自动化的公路将能够处理每小时10000辆,而1500年为2000辆,可以携带一个当今高速公路。 C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams. D. How to develop an automated subway system. Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the 2not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think 3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system? the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. A. A rail. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far B. An engine. more pollution-free than present types. 1 C. A retractable arm. 圣经是指一些收藏的作品视为神圣的犹太教和基督教的宗教。它也被称为圣经。两种宗教都把圣经作为上帝的启示。 他们基础的信念及许多海关教义在圣经中找到。《圣经》是历史上分布最广泛的书。它还被翻译更多次,进更多的语言, D. A computer controller. 比任何其它的书。 The Jewish and Christian Bibles differ from each other in several ways. The Jewish Bible is commonly called 2the Hebrew Bible because most of it was written in Hebrew. It tells the story of Creation. It also contains 4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________. information on pre-Israelite times and the history and religious life of ancient Israel from about 1300 B. C. to 100 B.C. The Hebrew Bible, which Christians call the Old Testament, forms the first part of the Christian A. keep in the right lane Bible. The second part of the Christian Bible, the New Testament, was written in Greek. It covers about 100 years, from the birth of Jesus Christ to about 125 A. D. Some Christian groups also include in the Old B. wait to arrive at his destination 犹太教和基督教圣经相互之间的差别在几个方面。犹太教圣经,通常称为希伯来圣经,因为它的大部分是用希伯来文C. keep in constant touch with the computer center 写的。它讲的是创造的。它还包含pre-Israelite信息时代和历史和宗教生活古代以色列从大约公元前1300年到公元前 100年之间希伯来圣经,基督教徒称为《旧约》中,形式第一部分基督教圣经。第二部分的基督教《圣经》,《新约》,是D. inform the system of his destination by phone 用希腊文写的。它涵盖了100年,从耶稣基督的诞生到公元125年一些基督教团体也包括在旧的 2Testament additional originally Jewish writings that are not found in the Hebrew Bible. The individual 5. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos? writings collected in the Bible are known as books. The books that are officially accepted by any group as part of its Bible are called the Canon(基督教《圣经》的正经). A. Enthusiastic.B. Pessimistic. 原来犹太人著作,证明额外未发现希伯来圣经。收集的人的作品在圣经里被称为书籍。书的正式接受没有任何组织作 C. Optimistic.D. Cautious. 为它的圣经被称为佳能(基督教《圣经》的正经)。 21。一个显着改善汽车的未来可能会________。 Both the Jewish and the Christian Bibles view God as the supreme power behind the events they describe, 答:它的动力来源 though God's role may not always be apparent. The Bible does not define God or try to prove God's existence. B驱动系统 Instead，it testifies to God's presence in history including, in the Christian Bible, the life of Jesus Christ C .监测系统 and the development of the early church. D .其座位容量 22。什么是作者的主要问题, 两个犹太和基督教圣经视图神最高权力背后的事件描述,尽管上帝的角色可能并不总是那么明显。圣经里没有定义上答:如何使汽车污染。 帝或试图证明上帝的存在。相反,它证明了上帝的存在历史,包括在基督教的圣经,耶稣基督的生活和发展的早期教会的。 如何使较小的和更安全的汽车。 如何解决交通堵塞的问题。 Scholars value the books of the Bible not only as important religious writings but also as great literary 如何建立一个自动化的地铁系统。 works. The Bible includes many forms of literature, such as letters, stories, history, laws，prophecies，23。什么汽车提供电力自动化公路系统中, prayers，songs，love poems and epics. Its vivid，realistic tales of the struggles, failure and triumphs of 答:铁路。 both great and ordinary people entertain as well as teach. Literary critics have praised its beautiful poetry B .发动机。 and stirring calls to faith. C伸缩臂。 D .电脑控制器。 学者价值的书《圣经》不仅是重要的宗教作品也是伟大的文学作品。《圣经》包括许多形式的文学,例如字母、故事、24。自动化公路系统中，所有的驱动程序需要做的是________。 历史、法律、预言、祈祷、歌曲,爱情诗和史诗。其生动、真实故事的斗争,失败和成功的两大和普通人们娱乐以及教。答:保持在正确的车道上 文学评论家称赞其美丽的诗歌和搅拌调用信仰。 B .等到达目的地 Readers have long differed over how to explain the meaning of the Bible. Some people believe that every C .经常保持联系的计算机中心 event mentioned in the Bible actually happened exactly as the Bible says it did. Others feel that many events D .通知系统的目的地电话 in the Bible must be read as symbols of religious belief. 25。什么是作者对未来汽车的态度, 答:热情。B .悲观。C .乐观。D .谨慎。 读者们早已上如何解释《圣经》的意义。有些人相信圣经中提到每个事件实际发生的正是圣经说它确实。其他人则 认为,在圣经里许多事件必须要阅读宗教信仰的象征。 一-2.本题解析: 1。 Which might be used as the Word to describe the tone of the passage? Bible is the name given to several collections of writings held sacred by the Jewish and Christian religions. A. subjective b objective C。 Critical D。Concerned。 It is also known as the Holy Scriptures. Both religions regard the Bible as inspired by God. They base many 2。 Which of the following statements about the Jewish Bible TRUE? of their beliefs and customs on the teachings found in the Bible. The Bible is the most widely distributed A。 The Jewish Bible and the Christian Bible only differ in the names。 book in history. It has also been translated more times, and into more languages, than any other book. 2 B。 The Jewish Bible was later translated into many languages, yet it was d为促使人们相信在旧约中，而不是新 original1y Written in Latin。 约。 C。 The Jewish Bible includes the description of the life of Jesus Christ and the development of the early church。 ?according to the passage ,which of the following is not true of the Christian bible? 一-3.本题解析: A。 It contains both the old Testament and the New Testament, and the latter cannot be found in the Hebrew Bible。 礼物是一个基本要素，文化与我们的生活作为社会生物。他们也是一个重要的部分我们的业务关系。有时候送礼物B。 Cannon are books(the individual writings collected in the Bible) that are 要比口语沟通，由于信息能通过语言和文化差异的障碍。提出一个简单的礼物，你在国外的主人，并有机会使他或她将officially accepted by any group as part of its Bible。 完全了解你，尽管你可能不懂对方的语言。它能传达丰富的含义你欣赏他们的热情和对你们之间关系的重视。结合的行C. God’ definition and the proof of the existence of god can be found in it。 为给予一些知识和文化的敏感性受体和你有一个宝贵的机会赢得尊重和建立一个长期的、互利的业务关系。 D。It was written in Greek。 所有国家，考虑气候，特别是对于服装。有些礼物可能被极热或潮湿的气候毁坏了，可能导致他们的接收器相当大4. which of the following statements is NOT true? 的痛苦。考虑到各种产品，丰富的有关国家和尝试的东西，是少见的有。想想语言技能水平:一书数百页的英文文本可A。 some people think everything recorded in the Bible is real。 能是最无用的，在最坏的尴尬，一人有限的英语。告诉自己，尽可能多地了解当地的风俗，礼仪和规则，特别是做包装，B some people think the Bible is a book of religious belief。 迷信，禁忌和重要的是，海关和检疫法规。以下是一个简短的帐户送礼物的礼仪在亚洲一些国家和中东。 C the Bible is composed of several collections of writings 本书以大量的插图是最赞赏在印度尼西亚。不恰当的项目:酒精，产品从猪，暖和的衣服。领带和袖扣是不常见的D There are no love poems in the Bible。 磨损。伊朗短袖衬衫和视觉表现裸体或部分人，男性或女性，是非常不适当的。别担心，视频或记录。在所有伊斯兰国5 what is the main purpose of the passage? 家，有一个严格的禁忌任何猪肉产品。 a It is to argue that the Jewish and Christian Bibles are totally different two 代表阿拉伯传统，礼品应尽力赞美收件人在伊拉克和永远不应该被命令不能被合理回报。 collections of writings。 避免某些颜色:红色，白色和黑色(颜色的纳粹旗);和红色，绿色和黑色(巴勒斯坦国旗)在以色列。 b It is to state the history and origin of the Bible。 交换礼物通常是在会议开始与日本应给予和接收的双手。它被视为不礼貌的给打开的礼物。应该强调的是高质量的，c It is to explain what the Bible is and its value。 但不一定是昂贵的，项目。 d It is to urge people to believe in the old Testament instead of the New 再次，汇率应该用双手在韩国。此外，类似于日本，是注重介绍。不要用红墨水写接收者的姓名。值得一提的是，Testament。 它是传统的礼物分享给一个朋友是围绕有关，所以物品借给自己这种做法就像一瓶上好的威士忌都极受好评。 不要打开礼物的存在者在菲律宾。不建议是指宗教物品。许多人天主教反其他许多穆斯林。这也意味着文学和艺术1，这可能是用这个词来形容的语气通道, 的任何可能的建议的淫荡或种族主义是严格避免。 A.主观b目标C。关键D。关注。 1. What might be the best title ofˉthe passage? 2，下面的语句关于犹太圣经是真实的吗, A。 Influences of cultures on Gift-giving A。犹太圣经和基督教的“圣经”中的名称有所不同。 B taboos of gifts B。犹太圣经后来被翻译成多国语言，但它是 C wrap up your visit with the perfect gift original1y用拉丁文写的。 D。Gift-giving and climate C。犹太圣经的描述耶稣基督的生命， 2。 Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the gift-giving? 早期教会的发展。 A。differences in culture and language can be overcome by gifts。 ?根据短文，以下是不正确的，基督教的“圣经, B。 Overseas customers are suggested to give presents to their hosts。 A。它包含旧约和新约，而后者 C a thick coat is a good gift in a tropical country 无法找到在希伯来文圣经。 D. It is not wise to make an English book as a gift to a person with limited B。景隆书(“圣经”中收集的个人化写作) English。 正式接受任何团体作为其圣经的一部分。 3。 What is the tone of the passage? C.神的定义和证明神的存在可以找到它。 A. Critical。b objective c concerned D。 Argumentative。 D。它是用希腊文写成。 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about gift-giving in these countries? 4。下面的语句是不正确的, A. An Israeli business manager would appreciate the gift of a black, white and A。有些人认为圣经中所记载的一切是真实的。 red striped tie。 B部分人认为“圣经”是一本书的宗教信仰。 B. Japanese would be happy to receive an unwrapped gift。 C的圣经是由多个集合的著作 D .In Iran, short-sleeved shirts are not good presents。 D有没有在“圣经”中的爱情诗。 1。ˉ通过可能是最好的标题是什么, 5，什么是通道的主要目的, A。送礼文化的影响 一个是认为，犹太教和基督教的“圣经”是完全不同的两个 乙禁忌的礼物 收藏的著作。 Ç完美的礼物包裹您的光临 b它是说明“圣经”的历史和起源。 D。送礼和气候 C它是解释什么是“圣经”和它的价值。 2。下面的语句是不正确有关送礼吗, 3 A。在文化和语言的差异是可以克服的礼物。 C。 British people detest cereals。 B。海外客户送礼物给他们的主人。 D。 Ketchup sales in Britain arc falling。 ;厚厚的棉衣在一个热带国家，是一个很好的礼物 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about spain is D.它不是明智的一本英语书作为礼物送给一个人用有限的 WRONG? 英语。 A。 The birth rate is falling。 3，什么是通道的语气吗, B。 spain is a Catholic country。 A.关键。B目标C关注D。议论。 C。 spanish people consume more ketchup than before. 4。下面的语句是TRUE在这些国家有关送礼, D nowadays,the one-person household is still rare 答:以色列的业务经理会喜欢这份礼物的黑色，白色和 5。 What is the author’s attitude towards the uniformity European food and 红色条纹领带。 drink? B.日本将很高兴收到一个打开的礼物。 D。在伊朗，短袖衬衫是很好的礼物。 1，什么可能是通道的主要思想吗, 一个欧洲的消费者有越来越多类似的生活方式。 B。社会因素导致的欧洲消费者的生活方式。 一-4本题解析: C。人口因素的影响，欧洲消费者的生活方式。 我们开始看到演变的欧洲消费者。这似乎是从所进行的研究europanel，协会研究公司在23个国家，利用消费者的D。跨国食品和饮料公司的营销策略 购买模式，面板。 多样的。 社会和人口因素和营销策略的跨国食品和饮料公司合并使生活方式不同的欧洲国家一样。主要人口因素导致这一增2，根据通过，下面的语句关于法国 加统一整个大陆的出生率下降和更容易离婚，根据一个成员europanel。他说，“结果是较小的家庭，其中更多地依赖于错了吗, 诸如微波和方便食品，不论国籍。”即使是法国，谁是他们的骄傲，把微波炉。法国也越来越少，法国作为他们继续逃避一个法国人并不像以前那样热情的朝酒。 酒。相比之下，英国人喝酒。一个重要的人口因素是平均家庭大小，测量了一些成年居民。国家之间的传播已经相当狭乙法国人感到非常自豪自己的粮食，他们讨厌使用 窄。这种差距将进一步缩小，令人惊讶的是，出生率在天主教国家，如西班牙和意大利，正在下降。 C。法国人消耗更多的谷物产品。 另一个因素是提高一个人的家庭，经常误解是窝藏一个未婚或离异男人或女人独自生活。据统计，一人家庭，包括D。在法国，番茄酱销售意外增长。 单亲家庭的数目，其中射击。这种现象正在增加。在西班牙的一个成人，家庭非常罕见，十年前，并没有统计，但现在3。通过下面的语句是正确的, 的数字是10%，因此，需求增长的方便食品。其他因素影响消费者的习惯。例如，吹笛者说，广泛流行的中央加热在寒A。英国人喝超过了法国。 冷的英国的主要原因是下降的流行不只是茶，但所有热饮。另一个主要因素是积极的跨国营销。毕竟，法国不能放任一乙热饮料的消费量在英国的普及到期 个渴求面包片如果这一切都是提供一个面包(法国棍子面包)。产品在超市货架。事实上，必须有足够的空间来放 中央供暖系统。 提供的新选择。一旦一个主要制造商赢得了主导份额，在成熟的市场，将国外寻找新的牧场。早餐谷物是一个这样C。英国人讨厌谷物。 的产品。成长机会在成熟的英国市场放缓，厂家横渡海峡。 D。番茄酱销售在英国弧下降。 作为结果，谷物在法国的销售增长了18%，一年之间1986和1992，并继续增长，由去年的10%。同样，番茄酱销量4。根据这篇文章，下面的语句关于西班牙是 也在不可能的地方，西班牙和法国，增长率分别为18%和28%。 错了吗, 多远的过程将是任何人的猜测。更多的选择是非常好的，但对任何厨房在欧洲服务了milk-sodden谷物在早上和晚A。人口出生率正在下降。 上微波炉比萨确实是一个令人沮丧的一个。 B。西班牙是一个天主教国家。 1。What might be the main idea of the passage? C。西班牙语的人比以前消耗更多的番茄酱。 A Euro consumers are having similar lifestyles increasingly。 ð如今，一个人的家庭仍然是罕见的 B。 social factors lead to the lifestyles of European consumers。 5，什么是作者的态度对统一欧洲的食品和 C。 Demographic factors affect the lifestyles of European consumers。 喝的吗, D。 The marketing strategies of multinational food and drink companies are diverse。 一-5 2。 According to the passage, which of the following statements about France is Teaching involves more than leadership. Some of the teacher's time and effort is directed toward WRONG? instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an efficient A。 French people are not as passionate toward wine as before。 organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take B French men are extremely proud of their own food and they detest the usage place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members C。 Frenchmen are consuming more cereal products。 will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive D。 Ketchup sales in France are unexpectedly growing。 learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united A。 The British people are drinking more than the French。 groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in B The consumption of hot drinks in Britain falls due to the popularity of the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a central heating。 4 system of relationships that encourages cooperation. A. the standards and rules should maintain order Standards and rules must be established that maintain order, ensure justice and protect individual rights, B. the standards and rules should not violate school policy but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another's individual rights? Without C. the standards and rules are accepted only by the teachers and administration clear guidelines mutually agreeable to students, teachers, and administration, the classroom can become D. the standards and rules should ensure justice and protect students' individual rights chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without input from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in mining the class environment finding ways to 5. Which of the following is NOT true? break rules. A. If the teacher well unites his students and creates a positive atmosphere, he then No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and establishing a positive atmosphere, the will complete his task. task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members B. If guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such be a mess. as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task C. Outside pressures may cause stress among students. for the teacher is to restore a positive environment by helping students cope with conflict, change, and stress. D. Students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd. 本题解析: 教学不仅仅是领导。一些老师的时间和工作的指示，指令，一些对评价。但它是教师作为一个group-leader建立一 1。本文主要的目的是-------。 个高效的组织结构和良好的工作环境，教学和评价活动可以采取的地方。这是一组完全混乱，不清楚自己的目标，或其 A .提供的信息教学 成员之间不断的战斗，就不是一个好的学习小组。领导模式包括帮助形成和保持一个积极的学习环境，教学和评价活动 B .研究教师在课堂上的行为 可以采取的地方。 C .比较教师行为与学生 在第一天上课，老师面临的一个房间里充满了个人。也许一些紧密团结和友谊已经存在。但没有意义组团结，没有 D .教学和组织类 一套规则进行的小组，没有归属感。如果教师成功的领导人，他们将帮助学生建立一个系统的关系，鼓励合作。 2。老师，在某种程度上，是因为_______领导。 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 和规则，必须建立，维持秩序，确保司法公正和保护个人权利，但不违反学校政策。发生什么事，当一个学生 他负责组织严密的类和一个良好的学习环境 伤害另一个人权利,没有明确的准则，双方同意的学生，教师和管理，课堂上可以成为混乱。学生可以打破规则，他们 他对学生在相同的方式作为一个领导者对待人 不知道。如果标准定的投入从班，学生可能花了大量创造性能量破坏课堂环境，如何打破规则。 他应该培养学生之间的和谐 他也维持秩序，给教学和评价 无论多么巧妙老师团结学生建立积极的氛围，任务是不完整的。定期保养是必要的。冲突发生。个人需求的改变。 一种新的学习任务，需要一个新的组织结构。有时，压力如假期即将到来的测试，或体育比赛，或家庭困难造成压力3。老师应该多教。这是他的责任-------。 的教室。一个任务的老师是恢复一个积极的环境，帮助学生应付冲突，变化和应力。 建立一个组织结构和积极的学习结构 建立标准和规则应遵循学生 1. This article is written mainly for the purpose of———————. 帮助学生处理冲突，变化，和应力 A. providing information for teaching D .上述所有 4。以下声明是真实的标准和规则的建立 B. studying the teacher's behavior in the classroom 除_______。 C. comparing the teacher's behaviors with students' 答:标准和规则应维持秩序 D. teaching and organizing a class B .标准和规则，不应违反学校政策 C .标准和规则只接受由教师和管理 2. The teacher, to some extent, is a leader because _______. D .标准和规则应当确保司法公正和保护学生的个人权利 A. he is responsible for a well-organized class and a good learning environment 5。下列哪项是不正确的, B. he deals with students in the same way as a leader deals with people 如果老师以及他的学生和统一创造积极的气氛，然后他 C. he should develop harmony among students 将完成他的任务。 如果准则是不可接受的两个学生和教师，教室 D. he has to maintain order and give instruction and evaluation 乱七八糟的。 C .外部压力可能造成应力之间的学生。 3. The teacher should do more than teach. It is his responsibility to ———————. D .学生需要老师就像绵羊需要一个牧羊人。 A. create an organizational structure and a positive learning structure B. establish standards and rules students should follow 一-6本题解析: C. help students deal with conflict, change, and stress It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society D. all of the above where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes 4. The following statements are true of the standards and rules to be established an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and EXCEPT _______. economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There 5 are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, A) advance the final argument is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few B) reflect the writer’s attitude technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution C) reverse previously expressed thoughts and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only 答案如下:26. D 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B to the environment but also to civil liberties. 26。作者的态度是________核能源。 Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, 一)漠不关心 乙)好评 三)宽容 四)负 for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility 27。根据对手的核能源，下列哪个是真核能源, of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price 一)原始 乙)耗尽 三)便宜 四)不安全 nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable 28。一些人认为核能是必要的，因为________。 resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. 一)它提供了一个完美的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，大规模失业 Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy 乙)它是一个巨大的进步，我们的科学发展 outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in 三)能满足日益增长的需求，社会的工业发展 industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. 四)核电站可以运行和保持相对较少的技术和行政人员 Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for 29。下列哪个陈述作者是否支持, sources of energy other than nuclear power. 一)需求的商业产品不一定会不断增加。 乙)核能源是不能没有。 人们通常认为核能是我们不能没有。我们生活在消费社会，有一个巨大的需求，对各种商品。此外，工业生产率的三)铀是一种好的能源来源的经济和生态原因。 提高被认为是一个解决大量失业的问题。这样的增长意味着要有充足和廉价的能源供应。许多人相信，核能提供了取之四)更大的安全规定会导致扩大核能源方案。 不尽的经济资源，它对社会的工业发展至关重要。还有其他一些优势，在使用核能源。首先，核电，除了事故，是干净30。函数的最后一句话是________。 的。另一个好处是，核电站的运行和维护可以用相对较少的技术和行政人员。该核反应堆是一个巨大的步骤的科学进步，一进决赛的争论) 二)反映了作者的态度 三)反向以前表达的思想四)显示缺点的核电 不论反核组织说，这是错误的期望回报的更原始的来源 一-7 燃料。然而，反对核能源指出，核电站带来直接威胁不仅对环境，也是公民自由。此外，它是否最终核电是一种廉本题解析: 价的能源。有，例如，是非常昂贵的事故在美国，英国，当然，在俄罗斯。有可能增加铀的成本除了更大的安全规定的大地震后，湖人在1994，地震科学家报告了一个好消息:损伤和死亡人数(死亡人数)本来可能更糟糕。 成本价格核电退出市场。从长期来看，环境保护主义者认为，核能源浪费宝贵的资源，使生态系统到一个程度，会带来超过60人死于这次地震。相比之下，同样强度的地震，震撼了美国1988索赔25000受害者。 毁灭人类。因此，如果我们要生存，我们无法承受的核能源。尽管对核能源所述，核能源方案扩大。这种扩张呈不断增受伤和死亡人数相对较少在洛杉机bccausc地震发生在凌晨4 : 31假日，当交通灯在城市公路。此外?变化的建筑长的工业生产和消费需求。然而，令人怀疑的是，这种增长是否可以或可以继续。在权衡了双方的论点，似乎有很好的codcs湖人在过去20年中加强了城市的建筑物和公路，使他们更耐地震。 经济和生态原因能源来源比其他核电源。 尽管利好消息，土木工程师不停留在过去的成就。他们的绘图板上钉着蓝图(蓝图)改进抗震建筑。新的 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 应提 26. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ________. 供更大的安全，经常发生地震的城市。 A) indifferent 在过去，使建筑物结构抗震意味着坚固而有弹性的材料，如钢材和木材，弯曲不破坏。后来，人们试着举起一个建 B) favorable 筑的基础，并插入橡胶和钢材，在建筑物和地基之间减少地表震动的影响。最新的设计给建筑物以及混凝土和钢支撑， C) tolerant 称为智能建筑。结构响应像活生物体的地震振动。当地面震动和建筑物前倾，电脑会使建筑物向相反方向移动。 D) negative 新的智能结构可能是非常昂贵的建立。然而，他们可以拯救许多人的生命，将不太可能在地震中受损害。 27. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy? 1。为什么生命的损失在洛杉机地震比较低, A) Primitive B) Exhaustible 1. Why was the loss of lives in the los Angeles earthquake comparatively low? C) Cheap A。 Because new computers had been installed in the buildings。 D) Unsafe B。 Because it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways。 28. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ________. C。 Because large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday。 A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment D because improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution highways。 C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society 2\ what is the function of the computer mentioned in the passage? D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff A To counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the building。 29. Which of the following statements does the writer support? B To predict the co?ling of an earthquake with accuracy。 A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. E To help strengthen the foundation of the building。 B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. D To measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations。 C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. 3 what would be the influence of the smart buildings discussed in the passage? D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes. A It would cause serious financial problems。 30. The function of the last sentence is to ________. b It would be worthwhile though costly。 6 C It would increase the complexity of architectural design。 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way D It can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes。 of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... 4 aCCording to the passage, what should be focused on in order to minimize the What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, damage caused by earthquakes? marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. A The increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction。 Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove b The development of flexible building materials。 useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. C The reduction of the impact of ground vibrations。 Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an D. Early forecasts of earthquakes artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired 5 what is the author’s main Purpose in writing the passage? temperature free of charge. A To Compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the Us。 The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness B。To encourage Civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers。 has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your C. to outline the history of the development of quake –resistant building materials。 (汉堡包), but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum. fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers D to report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings 冰箱被认为是必要的。它已从60年代当包装的食品，首先出现的标签:“存放在冰箱里。” 1。为什么生活在相对较低的洛杉矶大地震的损失呢, 在我的fridgeless五十年代的童年，我吃的很好，健康。送牛奶的人每天都来，杂货商，屠夫(肉商)，面包师和A。由于新的电脑已经安装在建筑物中。 冰淇淋的人救了两次或三次一周。星期日的肉会持续到星期三，剩余(剩余)面包和牛奶变成了各种各样的蛋糕。没有B。因为它发生在住宅方面，而不是在公路上。 浪费，我们从来都不被腐烂的食物。三十年已停止运送粮食，新鲜蔬菜在该国几乎无法获得。 C。由于大量的洛杉矶居民的度假了。 在冰箱发明的贡献相对较少的食物保存的艺术。一个巨大的行之有效的技术已经existed-natural冷却，干燥，吸D，因为改进已在楼宇建筑和 烟的盐，糖，装瓶。冰箱促进了marketing-marketing硬件和电，销售软饮料，行销世界各地的动物尸体中寻找一个好高速公路。 的价格。 2 \在通道中提到的计算机的功能是什么, 因此，世界上大多数的冰箱被发现，而不是在热带地区，他们可能是有用的在与气候温和的富裕国家，他们不需要一个为了抵消对建筑物的地震的行动。 的气候。每年冬天，数以百万计的冰箱的嗡嗡声不断，在广阔的牺牲，忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间内的一个人工B要预测准确度的地震，共同?凌。 加热的房子，而在外面，大自然免费提供理想的温度。 E要加强基础建设。 D要衡量地震的振动的影响。 冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，而它对人类幸福的贡献是微不足道的，如果你不，相信我，自己试试，投资在食3，文章中讨论了智能建筑的影响会是什么, 品柜和冰箱关掉你的下一个冬天。你可能错过的汉堡包，但至少你摆脱这种可怕的嗡嗡声。 A它会导致严重的财务问题。 b它是值得的，但昂贵的。 11. The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Line 1, Para. C它会增加建筑设计的复杂性。 2) suggests that ________. D它可以减少由地震引起的地面振动。 A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties 根据短文，应该重点，以尽量减少 B) the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties 地震造成的破坏吗, C) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s 一个越来越多地使用橡胶和钢铁基本建设。 b开发灵活的建材。 D) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s C的地面振动的影响减少。 D.早期预测地震 12. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? 5什么是作者写文章的主要目的吗, A) People would not buy more food than was necessary. 一个比较的地震发生在我们的后果。 B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. B。为了鼓励土木工程师进行更广泛的使用电脑。 C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. C.勾勒出历史地震耐建材的发展。 D到新的发展报告建造抗地震建筑 D) People had effective ways to preserve their food. 一-8本题解析: 13. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared A) Inventors. with the label: “store in the refrigerator.” B) Consumers. In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the C) Manufacturers. (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would butcher D) Traveling salesmen. last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are 14. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect almost unobtainable in the country. 7 own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspaper efficiently, which on the environment? means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill A) “Hum away continuously”. and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading. B) “Climatically almost unnecessary”. 一份好报纸的价值 C) “Artificially-cooled space”. 一份好的现代报纸就是一份不错的阅读材料。报纸的独特之处首先在于它的内容:新闻范围涉及当地案件、国际政 治、体育、商业、时尚、科学，还有评论和特写，从社论到特写文章到专访，又涉及书、艺戏剧及音乐的评论。一份报D) “With mild temperatures”. 纸的更特别之处在于人们阅读的方式:从不完全读完，从不按部就班，总是这儿一点那儿一点的跳着看，一篇文章随意 15. What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges? 瞟几眼，另一篇通篇阅读，而下一篇文章仅读几个段落。一份好的现代报纸提供多样化的内容来吸引不同的读者，但并 不会每个读者都对这份报纸感兴趣。时事性将这种多样化结合在一起，时事性是将现在正发生在你周围及当地的事情及A) Neutral. 时联系起来。但是报纸的及时性与生产速度也意味着在报纸上刊登出来的内容只具有短暂的价值。因为上述原因，没有B) Critical. 人读一模一样的报纸，每个人所做的只是把当天的报纸选择、排序，使之成为自己的报纸。因为上述原因，随着你改变 C) Objective. 并应用阅读技巧，有效率地读报纸需要窍门和自我意识，那意味着从报纸中得到你想要的，而不会漏掉你需要的东西， 也不会浪费时间。 D) Compromising. “在我的fridgeless五十年代的童年，我吃的很好，健康。”(1行，第。2)表明，________。 (A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following Except its . 1一)作者饱健康甚至没有冰箱五十多岁 乙)作者是不习惯使用冰箱甚至五十多岁 A(wide coverageB(uniform styleC(speed in reporting newsD(popularity 三)有没有冰箱在作者的主页上世纪50年代 四)冰箱是在其早期阶段的发展在20世纪50年代 2(According to the passage the reason why no two people really read the “same” newspaper is that . 12。为什么作者说没有浪费前发明冰箱, A(people scan for the news they are interested in 一)人愿意买更多的食物比是必要的。 乙)食物送到人们两年或三次一周。 B(different people prefer different newspapers 三)食品出售新鲜和不易腐烂。 四)人有有效的方法保存食物。 C(people are rarely interested in the same kind of news 13。谁得益最少的冰箱根据作者, 一)发明家。 D(people have different views about what a good newspaper is 乙)消费者。 三)制造。 3(It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers . 四)旅行推销员。 A(apply reading techniques skillfully B(jump from one newspaper to another 14。下列哪个词组第五段显示冰箱的负面影响的环境, 一)“不断地嗡嗡作响”。 C(appreciate the variety of a newspaper D(usually read a newspaper selectively 二)“气候几乎不必要的”。 人工制冷的空间”。 三)“ 4(The best title for this passage would be . 四)“温和的”。 15。什么是作者的总体态度冰箱, A(The Importance of Newspaper Topicality B(The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper 一)中性。乙)的关键。三)目的。四)损害。 C(The Variety of a Good Newspaper D(Some suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper 一-9„..The Value of a Good Newspaper(翻译时另加题目) 参考答案: 1(B 2(A 3(D 4(B A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, 1。一个现代报纸是显着的所有以下除。答:覆盖面广 and the range of comment and special features as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews b.uniform风格 to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: c.speed新闻报道 never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out glancing at one piece, reading d.popularity another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers 2。根据文章之所以没有人读“同”是。 a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings 答:人们扫描的消息，他们有兴趣 this variety together in one place is its topicality, its immediate relation to what is happening in your 不同的人喜欢不同的报纸 world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much 人们很少有兴趣在同一类新闻 of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient value. For all these reasons, no two people really 人们有不同的看法，一个好的报纸是什么 read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his 3。从中我们可以得出这样的文章，报纸的读者。 8 答:运用阅读技巧熟练B跳跃从一个报纸的另一个 D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes. C .欣赏各种报纸D通常读报纸的选择1 32. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that _______. 4。这篇文章的最佳标题是。 A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation 答重要性报纸的时事性 B) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation B .特征的一个很好的报纸 C) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be C .各种好的报纸 D) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience D .建议关于如何阅读报纸 33. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized ________. 参考答案:1。2。3。4。乙 A) the freedom and convenience provided on trains B) the practical aspects of train travel 一-10. C) the adventurous aspects of train trips Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership(客运量)along the lines comprising D) the safety and cleanliness of train trips its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western 34. The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because_. routes where ridership had been declining significantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiences cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other B) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programs forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America’s C) their profits could be increased by some 15 percent standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling D) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects 35. According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because of train travel in order to change their attitude and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered ________. for travel in the west. A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers--- those concerned with safety, B) it provided an exciting travel experience relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers --- those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and C) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused D) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. 31。什么是作者写这篇文章的目的, Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more 一)显示无法火车与飞机竞争方面的速度和便利。 famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.). These 二)应力的影响，汽车在美国方便的标准。 ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in 三)强调功能的旅行社在市场推广。 order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was 四)说明的重要作用，说服传播在改变消费者态度。 focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route. 32。从文章中可以推断出来，美国铁路客运公司动量下降是由于这一事实，_______。 美国铁路公司(美国铁路客运公司)经历了下跌的乘客(包括客运量)线沿线的铁路系统。主要关注美国和其广告一)列车不适合短途旅客运输 代理美国尼达姆，是长途航线运量西方已明显下降。]在同一时间，火车是唯一可行的方式穿越西部广大地区的。火车最乙)火车并不是最便捷的交通方式 快，最豪华，方便和其他交通工具相比现有的同时。然而，时代的变化和汽车成为美国方便的标准。此外，空中旅行，三)列车不是快速和方便他们使用的是 容易成为最快的旅行方法的距离。因此，任务的分布式数据库尼达姆鼓励消费者考虑其他方面的火车旅行，改变他们的四)火车无法与飞机在豪华和便利 态度和增加的可能性，列车将被视为在西。 33。鼓励消费者乘火车旅行，尼达姆强调________分布式数据库。 一个)的自由和便利提供列车 2部分市场总体目标:1)焦虑fliers-those关注安全，放松，和清洁和2)travel-lovers-those自己视为放松，休闲，乙)的实际方面的火车旅行 和感兴趣的旅行经验为他们的假期。该机构开展了一个活动，集中在旅行经验，诸如自由，逃避，放松，并享受西部大三)冒险方面的火车旅行 户外。它强调经验使用火车和描绘西方火车旅行奇妙冒险。 四)的安全和清洁的火车之旅 34。列车广告被放置在家庭电视节目涉及自然和美国because_。 广告显示图片的美丽风光，沿途可以欣赏到一些著名的西方航线和浪漫气息的名字，其中一些列车(帝国建造者，等。)。一)他们可以把重点放在有意义的旅行经验 这些广告被放置在家庭 乙)可以提高效率的电视节目 三)他们的利润可能会增加一些百分之15 电视节目涉及自然和美国，以便最有效的接触到目标观众。结果是令人印象深刻。帝国建造者，这是集中在一个广告，四)最travel-lovers和紧张的飞行员被认为是在观众 享受利润增长了百分之15的芝加哥至西雅图航线。 35。根据短文，帝国建造者享受增加乘客量和利润，因为________。 一个)的吸引力，其名称和路径是有效的广告 31. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage? 乙)它提供了一个令人振奋的旅行经验 A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience. 三)乘客可以享受西部大户外 B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of convenience. 四)被广泛刊登在报纸和杂志在芝加哥和西雅图 C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion. 9 31。什么是作者写这篇文章的目的, D) Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research. 一)显示无法火车与飞机竞争方面的速度和便利。 25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________. 二)应力的影响，汽车在美国方便的标准。 A) is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic devices completely 三)强调功能的旅行社在市场推广。 B) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference 四)说明的重要作用，说服传播在改变消费者态度。 C) hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problem D) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight 一-11.The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with 现在航空公司面临的安全威胁可能不是持枪的恐怖分子，但人与便携式计算机在商务舱。在过去的15年里，飞行员the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents 报告了超过100的事件，可能已造成的电磁干扰。这种干扰的来源还没有被确定，但越来越多，将其归罪于便携式电子that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains 设备，如便携式电脑，收音机和盒式磁带播放器和移动电话。 unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable 美，该组织建议航空(航空)，建议所有禁止航空公司(禁止)使用这样的设备在“关键”阶段的飞行，特别是起computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. 飞和着陆。一些专家已经更进一步，呼吁全面禁止所有航班。目前，对这些设备的使用规定只由个别航空公司。尽管有 些航空公司禁止乘客使用这种设备在起飞和降落，大多数都不愿意全面禁止，因为很多乘客想在飞行过程中工作。 RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines 困难的是如何预测电磁领域可能会影响飞机上的电脑。专家知道便携式电子设备发出的辐射波长的影响那些飞机用ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical” stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. 来导航和通信。但是，因为它们无法在实验室内再现这些影响，他们不知道是否干扰可能是危险的或不。 Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these 事实上，飞机可能是脆弱的(易受损的)干扰引起的危险，恐怖分子可能使用无线电系统为破坏导航设备。由于担devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such 心，虽然，是旅客谁不能听到指令关闭他的收音机，音乐太大声。 equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers 21。这篇文章主要是关于________。 want to work during flights. 一个新规则基地航空公司) 乙)缺陷的电子设备 The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts 三)可能造成飞机坠毁 know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation 四)有效的安全措施，空中飞行 and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have 22。也就是说超过100的飞机事故在过去15年, no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. 一)他们可能已造成损害的无线电系统。 乙)他们可能发生在起飞和着陆。 The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists 三)被证明是造成乘客的手提电脑。 may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’四)他们怀疑导致电磁干扰。 t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud. 23。一些航空公司要实行全面禁止乘客使用电子设备，因为________。 一)他们不相信有这样的一个危险的无线电干扰 21. The passage is mainly about ________. 乙)电磁干扰的有害影响尚未得到证明 A) a new regulation for al airlines 三)大多数乘客拒绝乘飞机禁止使用收音机、录音机 B) the defects of electronic devices 四)有其他有效的安全措施，依靠 C) a possible cause of aircraft crashes 24。为什么是很难预测的可能影响电磁领域在飞机上的电脑, D) effective safety measures for air flight 一)因为它是极其危险的进行这样的研究在飞机上。 22. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? 乙)因为它仍然是一个谜波长什么容易受到干扰。 A) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems. 三)因为研究科学家不能够在实验室中生产相同的效果。 B) They may have taken place during take-off and landing. 四)因为专家缺乏足够的设备做这样的研究。 C) They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’ portable computers. 25。从文章中可以推断出来，作者________。 D) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 一)是支持禁止乘客使用电子设备的完全 23. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because 乙)高估了危险的电磁干扰 ________. 三)没有形成自己对这个问题的看法 A) they don’t believe there is such a danger as radio interference 四)将它视为不合理行使全面禁止在飞行 B) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved C) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players D) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on 一-12 24. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’ The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications s computers? technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public A) Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. relations or PR. B) Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. C) Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs. 10 Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public A) limited in outlook relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top B) like people from the provinces five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are C) rigid in thinking becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies D) interested in world financial affairs include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. 29. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ________. companies. It may A) speak at least one foreign language fluently B) are ignorant about world geography not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. C) are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts D) enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly 30. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应 的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U.S. employees know two languages. B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages. employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”. international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, 26。根据这篇文章，u.s.leadership在公共关系受到威胁是因为________。 publications not often read in this country. 一)空前数量的增加公共关系公司 乙)文化差异的缩小和新的通讯技术 Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently 三)减少一些跨国公司在美国 announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global 四)努力增加公共关系的其他国家 communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things 27。伦敦很快取代纽约为中心，因为________公关。 as foreign. 一)英国公司不仅仅是美国公司 跨国公司的兴起(跨国公司)，全球市场营销，新的通讯技术，和文化差异的缩小导致空前增加全球公关公关。 乙)英国公司更重视公关比美国公司 令人惊讶的是，既然现代公共关系主要是美国人的发明，美国领导的公共关系正在受到威胁的公关努力在其他国家。三)英国公司是大量参与，在活动策划 十年前，例如，世界五大公共关系机构的美国。1991，只有一个。特别是英国人变得越来越复杂和创意。最近的一项调四)四名世界顶级的公共关系机构英国 查发现，超过一半的英国公司包括公关作为其公司(公司的)活动策划，而大约有三分之一的美国公司。它可能 28。“省”(2行，第。3)最有可能的意思是“________”。 在不久之前，伦敦取代纽约的首都公关。 一)有限的前景 为什么美国是滞后于全球公关比赛,首先，作为一个整体美国人往往是比较狭隘，他们更关心地方事务。世界地理乙)喜欢外地人 知识，例如，在这个国家从来就不强烈。其次，美国人落后于欧洲和亚洲同行(相对应的人)了解另一种语言。不到百三)刚性思维 分之5 burson-marshall的美国雇员知道语言。奥美和马瑟有相同的百分比。相反，一些欧洲公司有一半以上的员工流四)有兴趣在全球金融事务 利的外语。最后，那些参与海外关系更加密切关注国际事务。在金融领域公共关系，例如，大多数美国人阅读杂志的华29。从第三段我们可以使员工在美国公关业________。 尔街。在海外，他们读杂志以及伦敦金融时报和经济学家，出版物不经常在这个国家。 一)讲至少一门外语 也许是公关行业可能采取的教训特德特纳美国有线电视新闻网(美国有线新闻网)。特纳最近宣布，“外国”将不乙)是无知的世界地理 再使用美国有线电视新闻网的新闻广播。根据特纳，全球通信使世界各国相互依存的，因此不再有任何诸如外国。 三)不复杂，作为他们的欧洲同行 四)喜欢阅读各种英文商业出版物 26. According to the passage, U.S.leadership in publicrelations is being threatened because of 30。什么课会公关行业特德特纳在美国有线电视新闻网, ________. 一)美国公关公司应更多国际视野。 乙)美国公关业的全球通信技术的发展。 A) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies 三)工作的人在公关应该更流利的外语。 B) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies 四)参与公关应该避免使用单词“外国” C) the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S. D) increased efforts of other countries in public relations 27. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ________. 一-13 A) British companies are more ambitious than U.S. companies The Roles of Men And Women in a Family B) British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies 家庭中夫妇的角色 C) British companies are heavily involved in planning activities In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks D) four of the world’s top public relations agencies are British-owned are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of 28. The word “provincial” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “________”. sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this is turn leads to further sharing. In such a 11 home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes. ” 在夫妇所扮演的角色基本相同，且在某种程度上，大量家务得到分担的家庭中，男性至上的观念是难以得到维持的。 Excessive authoritarianism(命令主义)has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, 夫妇共同分担家务，一起拿主意的模式有助于夫妇之间形成平等的关系，同时这样有助于进一步分工。在这样的家庭中and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (相关的，切题的) not only to a healthy 成长起来的子女较其父母会更容易接受这种平等关系，且更容易完全容入到这个以合作为主题的社会中，而不是设法来democracy, but also to a healthy family. 参与“性别战斗”。 在一个家庭在男性和女性的角色不是明显地分开，许多家庭的任务分享较大或较小的程度上，男性至上的观念是很难维 If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some 持的。模式的共享的任务和优柔寡断是平等，这反过来又导致进一步的分享。在这样的家庭中长大的孩子，学会接受平cases-we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. 等比他们的父母更容易做好充分准备去参加一个互助的而不是“性别大战”。 如果这样做过于漫长，且男性的角色受到了忽视-这种事发生在某些情况下-我们和以前一样，状况并不乐观，只是如果过程中走得太远，人的作用被视为不太重要–和发生在某些情况下–我们一样糟糕之前，只有反向。 倒过来了。 是时候重新评估的作用，他在美国的家人。我们有点累”的字眼，“–但我们不想换个“neo-popism”。我们所需 It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are a little tired of a “Momism”-but 要的，相反，是认识到抚养子女需要平等的伙伴。有迹象表明，精神科医生，心理学家，社会工作者，和家庭方面的专we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing 家越来越意识到男士所起到的作用，他们认为女人不应该得到所有的信用–也不怪。我们几乎放弃说一个女人的地方是up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, 在家里。我们的开始，然而，分析男人在家庭中的地位，坚持说他有一个在它的地方。那个地方并不是无足轻重的孩子and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that 的健康成长。 women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s 家庭是一个合作的企业，很难制定统一的规则，因为每个家庭都需要解决自己的方式解决它自己的问题。 place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he 过度的威权主义(命令主义)有不幸的后果，无论穿裙子或裤子，和平等的权利和责任是相关的(相关的，切题的)does have place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. 不仅是一个健康的民主，也以一个健康的家庭。 现在是时候让我们来重估美国家庭中男性所扮演的角色了。 对于“唯母是尊”的家庭模式，我们都有些厌烦了-但 我们并想将其更换为新兴的“唯父是尊”式家庭。当然，我们所需要的是认识到抚养子女需要夫妇双方共同的努力。 有31. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is _________________. 迹象表明，研究家庭问题的精神病专家，心理专家，社会工作者和专家们更加意识到男性在家庭中所扮演的角色，他们A) fundamental to a sound democracy 同时认为不应该将全部的功劳都归属于女性-也不能将所有的过错都记在女性头上。我们几乎都不在说女性的作用只有在B) not pertinent to healthy family life 家庭中才能得以发挥。然而，我们开始分析男性在家庭中所发挥的作用，且强调男性在家庭中起到的重要作用, 都是有C) responsible for Momism 助于子女健康成长的作用。 D) what we have almost given up The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules because each family 32. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that ___________. needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy A) the role of the father may become an inferior one’ consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities B) the role of the mother may become an inferior one is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family. C) C) the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexes 家庭是一个合作型企业，很难为此制定规则 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ，因为每一个家庭都需要寻找出能够化解其矛盾的方法。过分的独D) sharing leads to constant arguing 裁会导致恶果，不论独裁者是男还是女。平等的权利，相同的责任是每个家庭的理想，这不仅和健康的民主有关，和健33. The author states that bringing up children ________________. 康的家庭也是分不开的 A) is mainly the mother’s job B) belongs among the duties of the father In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks C) is the job of schools and churches are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of D) involves a partnership of equals sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, 34. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ____________________. the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully A) minor because he is an ineffectual parent for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. B) irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C) pertinent to the healthy development of the child If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important – and that has happened D) identical to the role of the child’s mother in some cases – we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. 35. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A) A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of B) Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. “Momism” – but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition C) Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, D) A woman’s place in the home – now as always. social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have 31。理想的平等权利和责任_________________。 decided that women should not receive all the credit – nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that 一)基本健全的民主 a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man’s place in the home and to insist 乙)不相关的健康的家庭生活 that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. 三)负责字眼 四)我们几乎已经放弃了 The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family 32。危险在分享家务的母亲和父亲是___________。 12 一)父亲的作用可能成为下一个的 全字阅读的方法强调词汇意义的字母意义，思考解码的视觉词汇，单词发展能力解锁的发音不熟悉的单词。它适合 二)的作用，母亲可能成为下一个 在与自我导向，“学会学习”的活动的建议，主张(倡导者)“开放”的教室和概念，孩子已经发育准备开始阅读。1963 三)丙)孩子们长大后会认为，生命是一个性别之战 之前，没有重大的出版商把决这些“run-spot-run”读者。 四)共享导致不断的争论 然而，在1955，鲁道夫弗莱什引发了所谓的“大辩论”开始阅读。在他的畅销书为什么强尼不能读，弗莱什起诉(控 33。作者认为，抚养孩子________________。 诉)全国公立学校学生使用的方法miseducating看与说。他说，更多的学术研究和rovert戴克斯特拉后confirmed-that 一)主要是妈妈的工作 珍和另一个方式来开始阅读，成立拼音(语音学)，是远远优于。 乙)属于职责的父亲 系统首先教孩子联想拼音字母和字母组合与声音;然后，教他们如何将这些声音一起做的话。而不是建立一个相对 三)的工作，学校和教堂 有限的词汇记忆的话，它赋予一个代码，读音的大多数最常见的英文单词是可以学会的。发音不贬值思维的重要性有关 四)涉及一个平等的伙伴关系 的词汇和句子的含义;它只是承认，解码逻辑和必要的第一步。 34。根据作者，父亲的角色在家庭____________________。 一)小的因为他是一个无效的父 二)与孩子的健康发展 从一开始就教孩子阅读是小学最重要的任务，但是依靠教育者正确地处理这个任务会犯重大错误。许多学校仍继三)有关孩子的健康发展 续使用被证明是无效的教学方法。教授如何开始阅读的“看与说”或者“全词”教学法具有强制力，这也许是有效指导四)相同的作用，孩子的母亲 阅读失败的最好例子。 35。下列哪一种说法作者最有可能同意吗, 一)健康，合作家庭是一个基本组成一个健康的社会。 全词阅读方法强调单词的含义超过强调字母的含义，考虑把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读，发展认识熟悉单词的乙)人基本上是反对分担家务。 能力超过发展认识不熟悉单词读音的能力。它适合于教室“开放” 的倡导者们所推荐的自我指导的、“学习如何学习”三)司的家庭责任是可行的，只有在理论。 的活动，也符合孩子们必须发展地准备开始阅读的理念。1963年以前的出版物都是教授使用全词阅读方法的。 四)妇女在家庭中的地位–总是像现在。 一-14 然而，在1955年，Rudolf Flesch点燃了开始阅读中的“伟大辩论”。在他的畅销书《为什么约翰尼不能阅读》 中，Flesch控诉公立学校使用“看与说”的方法对学生进行错误的教育。他说，另外一种建立在语音学基础上的开始阅 Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But 读的方法要好得多。后来，Jeane Chall 和Rovert Dykstra证明了它是一种更学术性的学习方法。 relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say”or 首先，系统语音教孩子们 把字母和字母组合与读音联系在一起。然后，教他们如何把这些读音组合起来说话。“whole-word”method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to 它传授给孩子们一种规则，通过这种规则可以学会英语中绝大多数最常见单词的发音，而不是把记忆中相对有限的单词instruct effectively. 堆积在一起。语音学并不是贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性，它只是承认把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读是合乎逻辑的、 必要的第一步。 The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the 62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is . pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be [A]only logical and natural [B]the expected position developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run”readers. [C]probably a mistake [D]merely effective instruction However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate”in beginning 63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because . reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and [A]it overlooks decoding [B]Rudolf Flesch agrees with him Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior. [C]he says it is boring [D]many schools continue to use this method Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it 64.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is . then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most [A]look-say is simpler [B]phonics takes longer to learn common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first [C]look-say is easier to teach [D]phonics gives readers access to far more words step. 65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means . 教孩子阅读从一开始最重要的任务是小学。但依靠教育，正确地完成这个任务可以是一个很大的错误。许多学校继 [A]talk about shortly [B]start or cause 续使用的教学方法已证明无效。后劲的“看与说”或“字”的方法开始阅读教学的也许是最公然有效地指示此失败的例 子。 13 66.【解析】[C]推断题。本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出whole-word阅读方 [C]compare with [D]oppose 法的特点:强调单词的意思，没有decoding;由此即可知B、D是错的;在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not 66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true? devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A也是不对的。 [A]Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant. 【答案解析】 [B]The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding. 62.【解析】[C]细节题。本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。 [C]In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding. 63.【解析】[A]细节题。作者先在第一段的最后一句说“look-say”或“whole-word”的阅读教学方法是失败 [D]Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common 的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, words can be learned. thinking over decoding ...”。 62。笔者认为，依靠教师教读正确的是。 64.【解析】[D]推断题。文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话 [一]只有逻辑和自然[乙]预计位置 “Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the [碳] 可能是一个错误[ J ]只是有效教学 pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可 63。作者指出因为看与说阅读方法。 见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。 [一] 它忽略了解码[乙] 鲁道夫?弗莱什同意他 [ J ]他说是无聊[ J ]许多学校继续使用这个方法 65.【解析】[B]词义题。本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版 64。之间的一个主要区别看与说的方法学习阅读和语音的方法。 的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”[一]看与说是简单[乙]发音需要更长的时间去学习 一场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。 [ J ]看与说是容易教[ J ]拼音让读者获得更多的话 65。“触摸”(1行，第。3)最有可能的手段。 66.【解析】[C]推断题。本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出whole-word阅读方 [一] [ A ]谈不久开始或原因 法的特点:强调单词的意思，没有decoding;由此即可知B、D是错的;在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not [三]与[ J ]反对 devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A也是不对的。 66。根据作者，下列哪个陈述是正确的, 一-15 [一]读法视全字方法不重要。 Archeologists in Egypt uncovered the remains of twenty ancient people late last year. Some of the dead [乙]全字方法强调解码。 were family members who had been buried together. The archeologists say the twenty people lived thousands [碳]在拼音的方法，它是必要的和合乎逻辑的聘用解码。 of years ago during what is called the Greco-Roman period. That is when Greece, and later Rome, ruled ancient [ J ]拼音优越是因为它强调单词的含义，因此绝大部分可学到最常用的词。 Egypt. 【答案解析】 The human remains have lasted so long because they were specially treated before burial. Experts covered 62.【解析】[C]细节题。本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting them with a substance called embalming resin. The treated remains are called mummies. on educators 是相同的意思。 The area where the twenty mummies were found is called the Valley of the Golden Mummies. Untold numbers 63.【解析】[A]细节题。作者先在第一段的最后一句说“look-say”或“whole-word”的阅读教学方法是失败of human remains are buried in the Valley. Its discoverers believe the area holds some of the most important 的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, archeological finds since King Tutankhamen. thinking over decoding ...”。 Last month, research scientists used a device called a C.T. scanner to examine the body of King Tut. The 64.【解析】[D]推断题。文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话researchers want to learn what killed this young ruler of ancient Egypt. “Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可Scientists are using technology in the Valley of the Golden Mummies and other areas. They use radar to 见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。 find burial areas and x-ray equipment to study bones. Experts also are performing experiments on the mummies and the objects found with them. 65.【解析】[B]词义题。本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版 的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”考古学家在埃及发现的遗骸二十古代人去年。有些死者家庭成员谁被埋葬在一起。考古学家称有二十人生活在几千一场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。 年前，在什么是所谓的罗马时期。那是希腊，和后来的罗马，统治着古埃及。 人类遗骸已经持续了这么长时间是因为他们特别处理，在埋葬。专家们都用一种叫做香油。治疗仍然是被称为木乃 伊。 14 该地区二十具木乃伊被发现被称为金木乃伊谷。无数人的遗骸埋葬在山谷。它的发现者相信地区举办的一些最重要C。Examining the bones。 的考古发现，自从法老图坦卡门国王。 D. Explaining the reason why human remains were found there。 上个月，研究的科学家使用一种称为“CT扫描仪检查身体的法老王。研究人员想了解什么，杀了这个年轻的古埃及 统治者。 1。希腊 - 罗马时期是什么, 科学家们正在使用的技术在金木乃伊谷和其他地区。他们用雷达发现墓葬区和X射线设备研究的骨头。专家们还进 行实验的木乃伊和对象与他们发现。 A。这是埃及统治希腊和罗马后的时间。 1. what is the Greco-Roman period? B。这是希腊统治埃及的时间。 A。 It is the time when egypt ruled Greece and Rome later。 C。这是古代埃及时undcr控制Ggreece和罗马。 B。 It is the time when Greek ruled Egypt。 D。是当时埃及打了希腊与罗马。 C。It is the time when ancient Egypt was undcr the control of Ggreece and Rome。 2什么是真正的回合金木乃伊谷, D。It is the time when Egypt fought Greece with Rome。 。20具木乃伊被埋葬在这里。 2 what is true bout the Valley of golden Mummies? B。科学家们发现了图坦卡门国王。 A。Twenty mummies were buried there。 C。人们不知道，多少人的遗体被buricd有。 B。 scientists found King tutankhamun。 D。人们没有发现的希腊 - 罗马时期的人类遗骸。 C。 People don’t know how many human remains are buricd there。 3 \ C.T扫描仪用来做什么, D。 People haven’t found human remains of the greco-Roman period。 A。发现历史的真相。 3\ What was C.T scanner used to do? B。要埋葬20人的遗骸。 A。 To discover the truth of history。 C。在山谷中发现的人类遗骸。 B。 To bury the twenty human remains。 D。检查山谷发现图坦卡蒙的遗体。 C。 To find out the human remains in the valley。 4 \如果你是一个考古学家，可能你研究的人类遗骸, D。 To examine the valley to find the remains of King tut。 A。雷达。 4\If you were an archeologist, what may you study the human remains with? B。一台打印机。 A。 Radar。 C。防腐树脂。 B。 A printer。 D。的X-射线。 C。Embalming resin. 5 \的故事雷达的功能是什么, D。X-rays。 A。埋葬人类遗骸。 5\what is the function of radar in the story? ，寻找埋葬领域。 A。 Burying human remains。 C。研究的骨头。 B, Finding burial areas。 15 In the end, Our preference test results suggests that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may D.解释的原因，发现有人类遗骸。 really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and prize. 口味是个非常主观的问题，我们通常不进行偏好休息的食品。 三-1 你可以说任何人的喜好是，它是一个人的意见。 Telecommuting -- substituting the computer for the trip to the job--has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. 但是，由于两大可乐公司-----可口可乐经典和百事可乐----如此积极销售，我们不知道如何大的作用，的口味偏好 For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care 其实都是在品牌的忠诚度。 conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and 我们成立了口味测试，挑战人谁认为自己无论是可口可乐和百事可乐的球迷:你的品牌在盲品。 absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides 我们邀请了强烈的喜欢，无论是可口可乐经典Pesic，健怡可乐，健怡百事可乐的员工志愿者。这些人以为他们scheduling flexibility. 会没有麻烦告诉自己的品牌，其他品牌的。 In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality. 最后，我们的口味偏好测试的结果表明，只有很少的百事可乐与可口可乐的球迷真的可以告诉自己喜欢的品牌，口 But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and 味和奖金。 an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. 远程办公——用电脑取代了去工作——被誉为解决各种办公室工作问题。 三-4 There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. 它将工人从办公室，更少的时间浪费在交通，并帮助解决冲突。远程管理，有助于保持较高的船上，最大限度地减少迟They probably came about just to give children something to do. 到和旷工消除通勤独处的时间，允许高浓度的任务，提供灵活的时间安排。 In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. 在一些地区，如南加利福尼亚和西雅图，华盛顿，地方政府鼓励公司开始远程办公 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 以减少交通拥堵和空气质量的改In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of 善。 their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and 但这些益处也不容易。要使电子交通成功需要仔细的计划和理解之间的差异远程办公的现实状况和流行的想象。 responsibilities of the adult world. 似乎从来没有被一个文明没有玩具，但何时以及如何发展是未知的。 他们可能是只是为了给孩子做的东西。 三-2 During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States，the flags of various European 在古代世界，是今天，大多数某些种类的玩具和大多数女孩与男孩打了另一个。 nations were flown over the land，as symbols of possession. Later, in the colonial andRevolutionary War 被牢固地确定社会角色的社会里，男孩模式的活动，他们的父亲和女孩的任务后，他们的母亲后，他们的发挥。 periods，flags representing famous persons，places，and events were flown in the American Colonies. The first 这是真实的，因为男孩和女孩正在准备，甚至在比赛中，加强成人世界中的角色和责任。 official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14，1777.It consisted of 13 alternate 三-5 red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue，representing the 13 colonies that had declared The first man known to use a signal other than a bonfire used a chandelier. their independence in 1776.Congress adopted a new flagof 15 stars and 15 stripes in1795，to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union，Vermont and Kentucky. He hang the chandelier, containing many large tallow candles, in the highest tower of his castle. Thus he warned passing ships of the danger along the coast. 在发现问题和解决就是现在的美国，欧洲各个国家的国旗飘扬在土地，作为符号的占有。后来，在殖民地 andrevolutionary战争时期，旗帜代表著名人物，地点，事件是在美国殖民地。第一次正式的美国国旗是由国会于六月 Candles soon became the common fuel for signal lights. They were later replaced by oil lamps, which 制定的141777。它由13个交替的红色和白色条纹和13个白色的星的蓝色，代表13个殖民地宣布独立的1776。大会通could burn larger and brighter. 过了新的flagof 15星级和15条纹1795年，来代表的新加入联邦的州，佛蒙特州和肯塔基。 Kerosene and gas lamps also were tried. These are still in use now in some smaller 三-3 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference rests for food. lighthouses. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. But today most lighthouses send electric light blazing out over the sea. But because the two big cola companies-----Coca-Cola Classic and Pepsi Cola----are marketed so 使用以外的篝火信号的第一个男人，用一盏吊灯。 aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-cola or Pepsi 他挂枝形吊灯，包含了许多大蜡烛，在他的城堡最高的塔。因此，他警告过往船只的危险沿岸。 fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pesic, Diet Coke 蜡烛很快成为常见的燃料信号灯。他们后来换成了油灯，可以刻录更大，更明亮的。 or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. 煤油和煤气灯也进行了尝试。这些现在仍在使用中的一些小 16 灯塔。 Of these three little white lies, the worst of the lot by far is the third. Its the only one that can never be true三个最大的谎言是在美国:(1)“检查邮件。”(2)“我当然会尊重但今天的灯塔送电光源炽烈的过海。 你在早上。”(3)“这是一个错误。” 三-6 这三个小小的善意谎言，迄今为止最差劲的是第三。 There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. 它是唯一一个永远不会真正的。 They are the market system the administered system and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. 三-15 An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. A big question for一个大的问题， In a traditional society production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. another one is另一个是 有三种基本方法，使个别经济单位彼此互动。 他们是市场体系的管理系统和传统系统。 三-16 在市场体系中，个体经济单位在市场上彼此之间的互动。 What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how 管理控制的一种替代市场体系的一些机构的所有交易。 much they have remained the same. 在传统的社会生产和消费模式由传统。 The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. 三-7 It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and you will hear a lot about the american family in the election campaign their persistence to the present that is amazing. for most of us,that calls up an image of a man wife and two or three children 经久流传的玩具最显著之处不在于随着时光流逝它们改变了多少，而是一直以来它们都能保持原样。 你会听到很多的美国家庭在竞选活动 这些变化大都因由制作人，机械，和工艺的形式改变。 对于大多数人来说，调用一个男人的妻子和两个或三个孩子的图像 玩具的发展在世界任何一个地方都存在普遍性，他们的原貌相比现在更是一件奇妙的事。 三-8 三-17 you have probably heard about firms whose policy is to "promote from within For many women,choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury对许多妇女，选你可能已经听说过有关公司的政策是“从内部提拔 择是否工作或不工作以外的家庭是一种奢侈 三-9 when americans think of the wild west they do not usually picture it inhabited by black cowboys当美They must work to survive others a hard decision他们必须为生存而工作，别人一个艰难的决定 国人认为，他们通常不会想象狂野的西部居住的黑色牛仔 Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics也许，最简单的办法是经济学 yet this image of the west without the presence of black people is completely inaccurate但这种图像西三-18 部不存在黑衣人是完全不正确的 三-10 Animals do many different, amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them “migrate”. The Japanese word kimono actually mens “clothing” 日本词和服实际上是男子“服装” This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or where they can find food. According to tradition按照传统 Many birds migrate in autumn. Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in groups. For example, geese 三-11 fly in noisy, “V”-shaped groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone. Gender roles are taught throughout the life cycle性别角色教育的整个生命周期 动物做许多不同的，令人惊奇的事情来度过寒冬。他们中的一些“迁移”。 very early on 很早 这意味着他们前往其他地方的天气是温暖或哪里可以找到食物。 许多鸟类迁徙在秋天。因为这次旅行是危险的，一些团体旅游。例如，鹅飞在嘈杂，“?”形组。其他种类的鸟独三-12 自飞翔。 In the 19th century,a monk named在第十九世纪的一位名叫 三-19 From 1857 to 1865 从 1857 to 1865 It's natural to greet friends with a smile and a wave.When you do this, you face and body work together When he finished his studies当他完成他的学业 to show your friends that you're happy to see them. But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages, Would someone be more likely to believe the 三-13 look on your face or the way you hold your body, Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studeyingprehistoric cultures考古学一直是公认的工具，自然地，用微笑、挥手与朋友打招呼。当你这样做时,你的脸和身体一起来告诉你的朋友,你很高兴见到他们。但如 研究史前文化 果你的面容和肢体传达含混不清的信息时，会怎么样呢?会有人更容易相信看你的表情和你的肢体语言吗? Relatively recently最近 微笑和挥手致意是朋友见面问候的一种很自然的形式，然而在你做这些举动，表达你很乐意见到你的朋友时是通过三-14 面部表情和肢体语言的共同配合完成的。但是，当我们的面部表情和肢体语言配合不当，表达出混合信息时，别人是该The three biggest lies in America are: (1) "The check is in the mail." (2) "Of course Ill respect you 从你面部表情还是肢体语言作出信息判断呢, in the morning." (3) "It was a computer error." 17 三-20 A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. To halp kids build stronger connections with othersyou can pull the plug on thelocal news为了帮助孩 至于道德标准发展儿童的成长，一致性是非常重要的，父母的教育。今天禁止和借口，它是没有基础的道德。同时，子建立更强的联系与别人可以打开本地新闻 家长应该意识到:“身教胜于言传”。如果他们不真诚，不身体力行(说教)，他们的孩子可能会感到困惑，和情绪不Your family will thank you later你的家人会感谢你 稳，当他们长大到能自己思考，并意识到他们在某种程度上被愚弄了。 突然的意识存在着明显的差异，他们的父母和他们的道德原则，可以是一个危险的失望。 三-21 Learn to play the piano. Join your school band or sing in a musical. Take some guitar lessons and start 三-24 a rock group. If people wonder what you're up to, tell them you're doing something important. You may be if you don,t know what time it is,you can probably find out very quickly clocks and watchs show the time making yourself a little bit smarter. of course A new study shows that young children who learn to sing or play a musical instrument may much cleverer than kids who don't take music lessons. 如果你不知道这是什么时候你可能很快发现时钟 The study involved 132 first graders in Canada. The researchers, from the University of Toronto at twice a year however,many peoper must make一年两次，然而，许多人做开头 Mississauga, randomly divided the students into four groups. in most of the united states在美国大多数 All the participants took IQ tests at the beginning and at the end of the first grade. Overall, average that is about to change这是即将改变 scores went up for all groups. the change may sound minor听起来可能很小的变化 kids who took piano or singing lessons gained more. Their IQ scores went up 7.0 points on average, compared with 4.3 points for kids in the other two groups. 四-1 Everyone gets the blues sometimes, but some people can feel so down that they need medical attention. 学弹钢琴。加入你们学校的乐队或唱的音乐。带一些吉他教训，并开始一个摇滚乐队。如果人们不知道你在干什么， More than just sadness, such serious depression(沮丧) is an illness that can make people feel hopeless and 告诉他们你在做一件很重要的事情。你可以让你自己更加聪明。 unable to get out of bed. 一项新的研究表明，年轻的孩子们学唱或演奏乐器可以更聪明的孩子比不上音乐课。 Doctors often treat depression with drugs, but medicine may not be the only option. Bright lights may 这项研究涉及132个一年级在加拿大。研究者，从多伦多大学密西沙加，随机分为四组的学生。 also do the trick. That's what a review commissioned by the American Psychiatric Association in Washington, 所有参加了智商测试的开始和结束时的一年级。总体而言，平均分数上升为所有群体。 D.C., has found. 谁的孩子了钢琴和歌唱的经验教训，获得了更多的。他们的智商平均上升7点，比4.3分的孩子在其他两组。 Although the idea of using light to help people with depression has been around for at least 20 years, 三-22 there didn't seem to be much scientific evidence that this kind of therapy(疗法) actually works. One of the many skeptics(怀疑者) was psychiatrist Robert N. Golden of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Fed up with carhops, broken glassware, and rowdy teenage customers, Richard and Maurice McDonald opened McDonald’s restaurant in 1948 at the site of the former San Bernardino drive-in. To attract families driving When Golden was invited to look into the evidence, he reviewed 173 published studies of light treatments. California’s new freeways, they topped their building with eye-catching golden neon arches. Hamburgers, He found that only 20 of these studies were designed well enough to test what they were claiming to test. cheese-burgers, French fries, milkshakes, and sodas, sold in paper wrappers and cups, were the only menu items. Each 15-cent burger came with ketchup, onions, mustard, and two pickles, and food preparation was A closer look at these 20 studies, however, surprised Golden. He found that people with a type of depression driven into simple, repetitive tasks. One worker grilled burgers, another put on condiments, one wrapped called SAD improved when exposed(暴露) to bright lights upon waking up or right before waking up. SAD stands food, one made fries and shakes, others took orders. for Seasonal Affective Disorder and applies to people who get especially down during certain times of the 美联储与汽车餐馆的侍者，破碎的玻璃器皿，和粗暴的青少年客户，李察和毛里斯?麦当劳开设麦当劳餐厅在1948year, usually winter. 在工地前圣贝纳迪诺驱动器。吸引家庭推动加利福尼亚的新的高速公路，他们自己的建筑与醒目的金色霓虹灯拱门。汉 堡包，薯条，cheese-burgers，奶昔，和苏打水，销售纸包装杯，是唯一的菜单项。每个15-cent汉堡与番茄酱，洋葱，Even people whose depression is not seasonal respond to light therapy, the studies showed. And if patients 芥末，和泡菜，和食物准备被简单的，重复性的任务。一个工人烤汉堡，另一个放在一个包装食品，调味品，做的炸薯are taking medicines, light therapy seems to better than the effects of the drugs. 条和奶昔，别人命令。 Doctors suspect that light therapy helps depressed people regulate their internal biological clocks—the 三-23 way their bodies react to the passage of time. The best treatment for depression, some experts suggest, is to combine light therapy with efforts to sleep on a regular schedule. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents Other scientists say more research is needed. Exposure to bright lights could damage your eyes or cause should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they other, unknown side effects, they say. preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. So, if you're feeling really, really sad, talk to your doctor before staring at your desk lamp. Only an expert can tell you what kind of light to use and for how long—or even if it's the right thing to do. 18 每个人都有忧郁的时候，但有些人会感到失望，他们需要的医疗照顾。不只是悲伤，这些严重的抑郁症(沮丧)是现在美国运动医学院建议，重量训练的一个组成部分，健康的美国人总健身计划。增加参与这种培训是一个具体的体育 一种疾病，可以使人感到绝望而无法滚出去的床。 活动和健身目标的健康人2000:全国健康促进和疾病预防目标。 医生通常治疗抑郁症的药物，但药物可能不是唯一的选择。明亮的灯光也可能做的伎俩。这是一个审查委托美国精四-3 神病学协会在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，发现。 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism. Their critics 虽然使用的想法轻帮助患有抑郁症的人已在至少20年，似乎没有多大的科学证据表明，这种治疗(疗法)实际工作。seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw 其中的许多怀疑论者(怀疑者)是精神科医生罗伯特金的北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校。 around. ’It‘s iniquitous，’ they say， ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) 当黄金被邀请去看证据时，他回顾173出版研究治疗。他发现，只有20的这些研究的目的是足够好，测试他们所声should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. 称的测试。 Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods, After all， it‘s the consumer who 仔细看看这20个研究，然而，惊讶，金。他发现人与类型的抑郁症称为悲伤的改善暴露(暴露)明亮的灯光醒来后pays„’ 或之前醒来。可悲的是季节性情感障碍和适用于人谁尤其是在一年中的某些时候，通常冬天。 The poor old consumer～ He‘d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets 即使人的抑郁症并非季节性反应轻治疗，研究显示。如果患者正在服用的药物，光线疗法似乎优于药物的影响。 for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get 医生怀疑，光疗法有助于抑郁症的调节人的内部生物clocks-the他们的身体反应，时间的流逝。最好的治疗抑郁症，the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function 一些专家建议，是结合治疗与努力，睡在定期。 is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements 其他科学家说，需要更多的研究。接触到明亮的灯光会损害你的眼睛或其他原因，未知的副作用，他们说。 we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know 所以，如果你感到很悲伤，真的，告诉你的医生之前，盯着你的台灯。只有专家才能告诉你什么样的使用和如何about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine， it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding long-or即使是做正确的事。 performance， price， etc.， from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements， but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are， too～ Just think 四-2 what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train, Would you like to read only closely printed columns 氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of news in your daily paper, A cheerful， witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness 广告商总是雄心勃勃，也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我宣传， movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, 因为他们有太多的零用钱。这是不公正的，”他们说，“这完全是非生产性的产业(如果我们可以这样称呼)应每年吸 but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their 引数百万英镑的资金。它只表明有多少利润的大公司赚的。他们为何不停止做广告以降低商品的价格吗,毕竟，它是消 primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness 费者谁支付„„” movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if 可怜的消费者～他不得不支付大量如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场。正是因为大量的广告消费品都非常便宜。但 any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for 我们得到错误的想法，如果我们认为广告的唯一目的就是推销商品。另一个同样重要的功能是提供信息。大量的知识我 males and for females. Many current programs focus 们家用商品主要是源于我们所读到的广告。广告为我们介绍新产品，或者提醒一些我们已经知道的。假如你想买一台洗 衣机，你很可能会获得细节方面的性能，价格，等等，从一个广告。 not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 很多人假装他们从不读广告，但这种说法值得怀疑。它不读广告几乎是不可能的这些天。什么有趣的事情常常发生， 太～想想火车站或者报纸会像没有广告。你喜欢盯着一个空白的墙壁或阅读铁路条例等火车的时候,你只想仔细地阅读 Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and 你的驾照日报,一个开朗，妙趣横生的广告会给一个单调的墙壁或报纸充满每天配给的灾难。 endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed 四-4 primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The Why do Bosnia, Israel, Rwanda, Zaire have in common? People are killing each other or driving others out American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program of their homes. Why is this happening? Very simple, really: in each of these places, and elsewhere in the for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity world, one group of people believes that another group is different from them and threatens them. It has been and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. thus throughout history. How different are humans from each other? 健身运动开始于20世纪六七十年代集中在有氧运动(有氧操)。数百万人成为从事各种有氧活动，和字面上成千上 We come in different colors: red, black, white, yellow and brown, have a variety of political systems, 万的健康水疗中心围绕国家利用(获利)对这一新兴的兴趣，健身，尤其对女性有氧舞蹈。一些健身温泉存在之前，这 social systems, religious views or none at all; we are different intellectually, have different educational 种有氧健身运动，甚至全国连锁在大多数主要城市的水疗中心。然而，他们的重点不是有氧运动，而不是重量训练课程 systems, different socio-economic classes; psychologically we are normal, abnormal, neurotic, psychotic, 设计开发的肌肉质量，强度，和耐力的主要是男性爱好者。这些健身水疗中心似乎并没有受益财政形式的有氧健身运动， we speak different languages, and have different customs and costumes. 更好的健康，由于医疗意见建议，举重训练方案提供很少，如果任何，健康的好处。近年来，然而，重量训练又变得越 来越受欢迎的男性和女性。许多目前的方案重点 四-5 不仅对发展肌肉力量和耐力，但对有氧健身的好。 some news for you to share sith your parrents and teachers:videogames might 从历史上看，大多数体能测试通常包括肌肉力量和耐力，没有健康方面的原因，但主要是因为这些健身组件已在运 动成绩的相关。然而，近年来，有证据表明，培训计划，主要用于提高肌肉力量和耐力也可能对健康带来的好处以及。 a some adults assume that movies,tv andvideo games exert bad influence on kids 19 一些人认为，电影，电视和视频游戏产生不良影响的孩子 小行星是更大的版本(流星)的流星划过夜空的那场比赛。大多数轨道远离地球，并不会威胁到我们的太阳。 B 但也有数以千计的小行星的轨道把它们与地球碰撞的过程。 现在购买价值50亿美元的新的望远镜。然后在未来25年花费1000万美元的年定位的太空岩石。的时候，我们 发现了一个致命的错误，科学家们说，我们将有一种方法来改变它的路线。 一些科学家主张推动小行星偏离航向拥有核武器的。但成本会不会便宜。 是否值得呢,专家认为，在判断承担任何风险，是两件事情:1)如何可能的事件; 2)如何坏的后果，如果在 事件发生。专家认为，大到足以摧毁很多生活的小行星可能撞击地球每50万年一次。听起来很罕见的，但如果一个下降，四-6 这将是世界末日。 “如果我们不照顾这些大的小行星，他们会照顾我们，说:”一个科学家。 “就这么简单。” Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星)now，one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it，say some scientists. 治疗，不过，可能比疾病本身更糟糕。难道我们真的要围坐在地球上的核武器的船队, “世界上有少担心世界 Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the 末日(毁灭性的)岩石从一个伟大的核舰队对他们说:”在纽约时报“上的一篇文章。 sun far from Earth and don't threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one，the scientists say，we'll have a way 四-7 to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn't be cheap. The nose knws your sense of smell can quickly alert you Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500，000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall，it would be the end of the world. “If we don't take care of these big asteroids，they'll take care of us，”says one scientist. “It's that simple.” The cure，though，might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet 四-8 set against them，” said a New York Times article. Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes(撞毁). Japan is a case in point. It 除非我们花钱去侦察和防止小行星(小行星)现在,你可能要坠毁到地球,毁坏人们所理解的生命,说一些科学家。 has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent strips, called cheverons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are faster than they really are, 小行星非常大的版本的流星,(流星横跨夜晚的天空。大多数绕太阳轨道远离地球和不要威胁我们。但同样也有成千上and thus drivers slow down. 万的小行星的把他们轨道地物体撞上地球。 Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to 美元购买价值5000万美元新型天文望远镜就可以了。然后我花一年1千万美元的未来25年内找到大部分的太空岩石。repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint cheverons and other patterns of strips 我们发现一个最致命的一次,科学家们说,我们会有一种方法来改变它的课程。 on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much a one fifth of all fatal(致命) traffic accidents, according 一些科学家支持小行星离了航线,推动拥有核子武器。但是成本不会变得便宜。 to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will carry its tests in areas where speed-related hazards(危险) are the greatest –curves(弯), 值得吗?审判时,有两件事情的专家们认为是:1)任何风险事件为大;2)多坏的后果如果事件的发生。专家们认为小行星大 exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. 到足以摧毁很多有生命的每50万年才与地球相撞一次罢工。听起来很罕见,但如果某人对掉在什么东西上,这将是世界末 日。“如果我们不小心的话,这些大小行星,他们会照顾我们,”有人说科学家。“就这么简单。” Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平障碍物)painted across roads can initially(最 初) cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months 治疗,却可能比先前的更利害了疾病。我们真的想要舰队核武器围坐在在地球上吗?“世界上有不害怕来自世界末日(毁灭as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. 性的)比和一个伟大的岩石核舰队反对它,说:”纽约时报文章。 Cheverons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are, but also make a lane(车道) appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in 除非我们花钱去发现和防止小行星(小行星)，可能会撞向地球，毁灭生命，因为我们知道，一些科学家说。 highway speed and the number of traffic accidents. 20 But within five years, Nasa researchers hope to develop technology for a small plane that can fly out of 不管你相信与否，视错觉(错觉)可以削减高速公路崩溃(撞毁)。日本是一个很好的例子。它降低了近75,的人 使用一个简单的光学错觉的一些道路上的汽车崩溃。弯曲带，称为cheverons(人字形)，涂在道路上使司机认为他们regional airports, costs less than $100,000 (,55,725), is as quiet as a motorcycle and as simple to operate as a car. 比他们的实际速度更快，从而司机放慢。 中文: 由于高速公路上的交通堵塞情况越来越严重，一种能够载人穿梭在“空中高速路”上的新一代“飞车”将成为需要。 这就是美国国家航空航天局和一些航空公司的工程师们的意见，他们预测未来人类将会乘坐“飞车”旅行。 美国汽车协会交通安全基金会在华盛顿正计划将重蹈日本的成功。从明年开始，该基金会将画cheverons等图案的这些车可能会和图片中见到的波音公司研发中心设计的概念飞车很相像。 条选定的道路，全国各地的测试模式以及如何降低公路崩溃。 然而，这样的交通工具可能需要25年左右的时间才能投放市场。 人类在过去制造飞车的努力一直都不是很成功。 这样的交通工具汽车耗资不菲，而且要求驾驶者具备像训练有素的飞行员一样的驾驶技巧;不仅如此，在研制过程中还面临工程学方面的严峻挑战。 在尽可能多的五分之一的致命(致命)的交通意外，超速起着重要的作用，根据基础。为了帮助减少这些事故的基马克?摩尔是美国国家航空航天局兰利研究中心(位于汉普顿)汽车系统项目组“个人空中交通工具(PAV)”小组的础。为了帮助减少这些事故，该基金会将进行它的测试速度相关的危险(危险)的地方是最大的曲线(弯)，出口道，负责人，他说:“当你试图将各个方面组合起来时，得到的是一辆最糟糕的车:非常笨重，速度又慢，价格还高，总之交通圈，和桥梁。 驾驶起来很不方便。” 但波音公司同时也在考虑，在上千辆“飞车”进入空中的情况下如何对空中通道进行管理，防止交通陷入彻底的混乱。 波音公司研发部门“幻影工程队”的副总裁迪克?保罗说:“最关键和最精彩的是设计出这种交通工具本身，但是我们也在全力考虑当这样一支车队投入运行后可能出现的所有情况。” 一些研究表明，直，横向杆(水平障碍物)道路，可以画在最初(最初)削减了一半的平均时速驱动程序。然而，关于如何解决这个问题，以往就有一些建议，包括使用人工智能系统来防止空中交通工具之间发生碰撞。 交通经常返回到全速在数月内的司机习惯于看到画的酒吧。 美国国家航空航天局正致力于飞行交通工具的开发，其初步目标是对小型飞机的旅行方式进行改革。 小型飞机通常都很昂贵，噪音也大，驾驶这种飞机还需要数月的训练和不少资金，这一切都使得“飞去上班”成为大 多数人不切实际的幻想。 不过，美国国家航空航天局的研究人员希望在今后的五年内能够开发出一种技术，使小型飞机不受地区机场的限制，科学家们说，Cheverons，不仅给司机，他们驾驶的速度比实际的印象，也使车道(车道)要窄。其结果是在高速公 花费不到10万美元，而且噪音与汽车相当，操纵起来也和开汽车一样简单。 路的速度和更长的持续减少，交通事故的数量。 四-10 四-9 American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the As motorways become more and more clogged up with traffic, a new generation of flying cars will be needed University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,“There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep”. to ferry people along skyways. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb:“Some sleep five hours, nature That is the verdict of engineers from the US space agency and aeronautical firms, who envision future requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.” commuters travelling by "skycar". Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them.“We have to totally change These could look much like the concept skycar shown in the picture, designed by Boeing research and our attitude toward napping,”says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. development. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an“American sleep debt” which one member said However, such vehicles could be some 25 years from appearing on the market. was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people Efforts to build flying vehicles in the past have not been very successful. causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in Such vehicles would not only be expensive and require the skills of a trained pilot to fly, but there are the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze (瞌significant engineering challenges involved in developing them. 睡) every afternoon. "When you try to combine them you get the worst of both worlds: a very heavy, slow, expensive vehicle that's About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have“a mid afternoon quiet hard to use," said Mark Moore, head of the personal air vehicle (PAV) division of the vehicle systems program phase,” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon at Nasa's Langley Research Center in Hampton, US. can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. But Boeing is also considering how to police the airways - and prevent total pandemonium - if thousands We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we of flying cars enter the skies. “snack” on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, "The neat, gee-whiz part is thinking about what would the vehicle itself look like," said Dick Paul, a vice cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. president with Phantom Works, Boeing's research and development arm. 美国社会是不午睡(午睡)友好。事实上，大学，宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的睡眠专家，大卫?丁格斯说，“甚至还"But we're trying to think through all the ramifications of what would it take to deploy a fleet of these." 有一个禁止承认我们需要睡眠”。没有人愿意被抓午睡，或在工作中睡着了。引用一句谚语:“一些睡眠5个小时，自Past proposals to solve this problem have included artificial intelligence systems to prevent collisions 然需要7 9懒惰和邪恶11。” between air traffic. 这是错误的。在工作中不能入睡的方式是小睡，当你需要他们。“我们必须彻底改变我们的态度午睡，说:”威廉?德Nasa is working on flying vehicles with the initial goal of transforming small plane travel. 门博士，斯坦福大学的睡眠研究，教父。 Small planes are generally costly, loud, require months of training and lots of money to operate, making flying to work impractical for most people. 21 去年导致了一个国家委员会，由德门发现了一个“美国睡眠债”的一名成员说是重要的，因为国家债务。该委员会是关注嗜睡:人的危险，造成工业事故或驾驶时入睡。这也许可以解释为什么我们在白宫有一个新的休眠策略。据最近的报道，美国总统克林顿正试图采取ha1f小时打盹(瞌睡)，每天下午。 当有机会时，大约有60,的美国成年人午睡。我们似乎有午后安静期“，也称为”二次睡眠门。“睡15分钟到两个小时在午后可以减轻压力，让我们刷新。很显然，我们出生的午睡。 我们超级贪睡，不午睡，以取代失去紧闭眼睛或夜班准备。相反，我们对睡眠的“点心”，无论何时何地，在任何时间，我们喜欢它的感觉。我枕在公交车，汽车，飞机和船只，在地板和床，以及在图书馆，办公室和博物馆。 四-11 Respect is not included in the 四-12 The transport of emigrant ofireland across the atlantic has curious history 22