时间状语从句讲解与练习
时间状语从句讲解与练习
作者:于爱芳 来源:于爱芳 时间: 2013-1-15 16:50:39 浏览次数: 2885
时间状语从句讲解与练习
when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当„„时候”的意思。但学生经常会问三个词的区别在哪儿，特别是在做选择
题
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的时候。别说是学生，就我个人而言，做这样的选择题要保证百分之百的正确也是不可能的。现根据大量的实例和个人的思考，做一点小结，供大家参考。 一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗,
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。
7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点:when 从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段
时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说:when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。
实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如:
1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?
你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的,
4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说，while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是:当while 事件正在发生
的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如:
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合
文意。
再例:
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some stamps?
三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过
去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边„„边„„”。例如:
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.
当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。
as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间
说明
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，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着„„”之意。
例如:
1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。 四、when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、
美人自己也说不清了。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the
bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
五、比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
2)比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词
为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如:Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别:1)until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
3)until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候,
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
4)Not until„在句首，主句用倒装。
例如:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。
5)It is not until„ that„.
例如:It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
6)表示“一„„就„„”的结构
hardly/scarcely„when/before, no sooner„than 和as soon as都可以表示“一„„就„„”的
意思。
例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。
例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
六、练习:在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1(_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2(_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
3(I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.
4(Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.
5(It was already eight o'clock _________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7(We'll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will start.
8. He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China.
12. _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven't seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。
20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.
21. They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.
22. He always stay in bed ______ lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you.
25. _______ she grew older, she became more responsible.
Key:
1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as 5. when 6. when
7. when 8. while 9. while 10. whenever 11. before 12. After
13. since 14. till/until 15. until 16. before 17. as soon as 18. before
19. when 20. As soon as 21.when 22. until 23. while 24. While
25. As
综合练习十七
I.单项选择。
( ) 1. My house is ______ the post office and the bank.. A on B in C between D over
( ) 2. What’s your favorite music ? __________. A I like pop music best B My favorite singer is Liu Huan C I often play basketball with you D My favorite is English ( ) 3. ________? I like a small one.
A Where is the country B What size pizza would you like C Why do you like panda best D Where are elephants from ( ) 4. Did you go shopping yesterday? _________. A Yes, I do B Yes, I did C Yes, I am D No, I couldn’t ( ) 5. Do you like country ? Yes, ________.
A Yes, I am a country fan B Yes, I am a pop fan C Yes, I am interested in classical music D Yes, he is a fan
( ) 6.What does the rock singer______? He is tall and thin. A look B look like C looks like D like ( ) 7. The girl is ___________ quiet.
A a bit little B a little bit C little a bit D bit a little ( ) 8. My friend is a ___________ girl.
A good-looking B good-look C looking –good D look-good
( ) 9. _________? Go upstairs and turn right.
A What are the jazz CDs B Where are the CDs
C Who is the woman D How can you sing the song
( ) 10. ____________? He is thirteen years old.
A Where is he from B Why do you like him C How old is he D Is he very smart ( ) 11. Do you like a small, medium or large pizza? _________.
A I ’ d like a medium pizza B Yes, I like
C I’d like some cheese on it D I want buy some
( ) 12. I don’t like hot dogs ________ hamburgers.
A and B or C with D but
( ) 13. _________ a bottle of milk, some hot dog ,and hamburgers on the table. A There are B There is C There have D There has
( ) 14. __________ ? She is a nurse.
A Where does your mother do B What does your mother do
C What is your mother doing D Who is your mother
( ) 15. Where do you work ? _________.
A I work in a school B I am a teacher
C I want to be a teacher D I go to school every day
II.句式转换。
1. We had eggs and milk for breakfast. (改为一般疑问句) _________________________________ 2. There was a beautiful girl in the park. (画线提问) ______________________________________ 3. David went to the summer camp last week. (改为否定句)________________________________ 4. They usually does homework at home. (用now改写) __________________________________ 5. He went for a walk every morning. (画线提问) ________________________________________ 6. The Japanese woman was 70 years old .(画线提问) ____________________________________
III.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Li Ping decided ____________ (make) his breakfast.
2. Please help the children ____________ (do) their homework.
3. I found the little girl ____________ (cry) in the corner.
4. ____________ (not take) a shower when you are ill in bed.
5. Let's ____________ (buy) some hamburgers and soda.
6. We had fun ____________ (swim) in the water yesterday afternoon.
7. His father made him ____________ (go) to bed before 10:00 every evening. 8. Every student wants ____________ (clean) the classroom.
9. One of the animals ____________ (be) very friendly and intelligent.
10. Who can ____________ (write) an English article?
11. Listen! She ____________ (sing) in the next room.
12. He ____________ (see) the police officer last night.
IV.就下列各句提问。
1. My favorite singer is Zhou Yuming. __________________________________________________ 2. His favorite group was Boys & Girls._________________________________________________ 3. Her favorite kind of music is classical.________________________________________________ 4. They took a boy to hospital yesterday.________________________________________________ 5. Tony's birthday is December 23rd.___________________________________________________ 6. Their T-shirts are blue and white.____________________________________________________ V.用适当的介词填空。
1. __________ lunch, Jim likes hamburgers, chicken, and apples.
2. Take the dictionary __________ my room, please.
3. The sweaters are __________ a good price.
4. Here’s a list __________ names.
5. March is __________ February and April. 6. We usually watch TV __________ weekends. 7. I often go to movies __________ my friend, Jack. 8. __________ fact, the movie is very boring. 9. She was born __________ August 19th, 1991. 10. The girl __________ red is Mr. Green’s daughter. 11. Ed Edgarson only watches sports __________ TV. 名词基础知识再现
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
Month zero kilo photo piano
plant member fridge German boy toy orange chair class bench glass brush box pencil-box wish inch fish watch tomato potato knife half housewife leaf shelf wolf thief factory dictionary butterfly city family country baby policeman policewoman man woman foot tooth woman doctor child mouse goose Chinese fish sheep deer
二、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. There are some (potato) in the box.
2. Look! There are a lot of (leaf)on the ground.
3. Some (policeman)are standing there.
4. He has three (boy).
5. There are a few (people)in the room.
6.I would like three (glass)of (milk).
7. It has four (foot).
8. There are two (baby)in the cradle.
9. These (watch)and (clock)are made in this (city). 10. Jack' s father bought a pair of new (shoe) for him last Sunday. 11. The two (woman doctor) are my (girlfriend)
12. Please pass me two pieces of (paper).
13. Tell me if there are two boxes of (pen) in it.
14. These (glass) are made of (glass). 15. How many (time)have you been to Paris?
16. Tomorrow two (Australian) and three (Frenchman)will visit the village.
17. There is something wrong with one of the elephant's (foot). 18. My cousin was so happy because he made few (mistake)in his maths test.
19. The man is waiting for Tom's and May’s (teacher). 20. The old house is so dirty and there are a lot of (mouse) here. 三、用名词的所有格填空:
1. It’s every (child) dream to own a car.
2. (Children) clothes aren’t cheap.
3. She has gone to the (hairdresser) (美容师) . 4. What’s the name of (Charles) .
5. How much are you paid for a (day) work? 6. Repairing the car is about five (days) work. 7. Anna is a (girl) name.
8. (Girls) names are different from (boys) names.
四(单复数句型转换:
A. 单数句变复数句
1. There is a bookshelf in my bedroom.?
2. She has an old dress in her wardrobe. ?
3. I will work hard all my life. ?
4. That taxi driver is Xiao Hong’s uncle. ? 5. Can you see a deer running in the forest? ? B. 复数句变单数句
1. The young women are all in white trousers. ? 2. They want to be editors-in-chief. ?
3. These boys will make friends with those girls. ? 4. The old ladies have many grandchildren. ? 五、选择填空:
1. There are twelve in a year.
A. month B. monthes C. months
2. Three are standing over there.
A. police B. policeman C. policemen
3. The soldiers gave their to the country in the war(战争).
A. lives B. lifes C. life
4. Look! Here is your .
A. skirt B. shirts C. skirts
5. Half of the were taken in England. A. photoes B. photos C. photo
6. I have today.
A. headache B. a headache C. headaches 7. I’m interested in one of these . A. story B. stories C. storys
8. My uncle watched a few TV last week. A. play B. plaies C. plays
9. She had three for lunch.
A. bottles of orange juices B. bottle of orange juice C. bottles of orange juice
10. There are two on the plate.
A. pieces of meat B. piece of meat C. pieces of meats 11. Mother bought a pair of for me last week. A. shoe B. glasses C. glass 12. Several will visit our school next Monday. A. Japaneses B. Americans C. Englishman 13. Can you give us any to do?
A. works B. worker C. work
14. It’s about an walk from here to my home. A. hours B. hours’ C. hour’s 15. are sitting at the breakfast table. A. The family B. Family C. Families
16. turn yellow in autumn.
A. Leaves B. Leafs C. leaf
17. In a few time we hope to cover those mountains. A. years B. year’s C. years’
18. Twenty young in our village joined the army last year. A. peoples B. people’s C. people
19. are a hardworking people.
A. Chinese B. The Chineses C. The Chinese 20. Jack took away my pencil-box by .
A. a mistake B. mistake C. mistakes
21. Mother does in my family.
A. much housework B. much homework C. many houseworks 22. Please make for the old man.
A. a room B. room C. the room
23. I’ll give you to finish the work.
A. two day’s time B. two days time C. two days’ time 24. We walk with our .
A. foots B. foot C. feet
25. She often goes to the factory , not by bus. A. by foot B. on foot C. by her foot 26. How many can you see in the picture? A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeies
27. “What is she?” “She is .”
A. Lily B. her sister C. a girl student
28. The sun rises in the and goes down in the . A. west, east B. ease, north C. east, west 29. Half of the telephone calls are made in English. A. worlds B. world C. world’s
30. We usually have four in the morning.
A. class B. class’s C. classes
31. The of the table are too short.
A. leg B. legs C. leggs
32. That shop sells clothes.
A. the men’s B. men’s C. man’s
33. “Whose room is that?” “It’s .”
A. my B. my brother’s C. my brothers
34. How many do you have?
A. tooths B. teeth C. toothes
35. He is a boy.
A. six-year-old B. six-years-old C. six years old 36. We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
37. Here's my number. Let's keep in .
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 38. David gained his by printing of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
39. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of .
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
40. Every day we get in the newspaper, on the radio and on TV too. A. many informations B. all kinds of information
C. informations D. an information
41. Please give my to your mother.
A. regards B. wish C. love D. hope
42. It was so crowded in the room that there was for me. A. no room B. no rooms C. some room D. no spaces
43. I don't like these gloves. Please show me another . A. one B. pair C. couple D. piece
44. The student of lives in the country.
A. my brother B. my brothers’ C. my brother’s D. my brothers 45. How many are there in the country?
A. zooes B. zoo C. zoos D. zoo’s
46. My sister bought two for me.
A. radioes B. radioss C. radio D. radios
47. Yesterday Smith bought some in the market.
A. tomato B. vegetables C. tomatos D. potatos
48. The doctor gave the young girl on how to keep her health. A. a piece of advice B. some advices C. an advice D. few pieces of advices 49. People in that city had various kinds of all the year round. A. much amusement B. amusements C. amusement D. a lot of amusement 50. Does she have in understanding the novel?
A. some difficulties B. some difficulties C. any difficulties D. any difficulty
新目标英语(Go For It)八年级下册第三单元
What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 说课稿
陈珍
一、教材分析:
1. 位置和内容:这是新目标英语(Go For It)八年级下册第三单元第一课时。谈论如何使用过去进行时。如何使用过去进行时是本单元的重点内容。为
了让学生更好的认识过去进行时，我重新安排了教学内容:SectionA(1a、1b、1c), SectionB (4b). 把这些内容组合在一起。 同时我也创造了一些便
于进行沟通交流的情境，让学生学会使用过去进行时。
2(教学重点: 如何使用过去进行时。
3(教学难点: 如何在由when引导的时间状语使用过去进行时。
二、教学目标:
1. 知识目标:要求学生掌握使用过去进行时。
2. 能力目标:让学生做课堂的主人，同时培养他们掌握一些行之有效的学习
方法
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,优化学习效果。 3. 情感目标:让学生爱上英语课堂活动,鼓励他们在课堂上进行合作交流。
4.学习策略目标:设法使学生掌握使用英语进行交流，学习积极参与班级活动.
三、教学分析:
1. 说教法:
1)任务型教学法:给学生三项任务， 让学生使用过去进行时来完成这些任务。使他们在任务中学习英语。 2)情景教学法:创造足够的交际环境刺激学生的视听能力,使他们能够更好的理解这一时态。以培养他们的听和会话能力。 3)交易际教学法:学生可以通过俩俩对话或小组对话来掌握过去进行时。
2. 说学法:
1)学生要善于把握机会,用英语进行沟通，大胆实践。
2)积极参加课堂活动，培养合作关系。
四.学生分析:
学生七年级下册就学过现在进行时, 并掌握如何使用现在进行时来描述日常活动, 而且掌握了一些日常活动的短语, 有利于他们学习过去进行时. 五. 教学过程的分析:
步骤1---组织
1)师生互相打招呼;
2)值日生报告;
步骤2---复习(目的是复习现在进行时)
1)显示三幅画面在屏幕(一学生在弹吉它,一学生在打蓝球,一些人在聚会,一人在玩电脑). 问: 他们在做什么? 2. 引导学生到实际情况中;问一男学生:请问你在做什么? 学生可能回答:我在听你说话。告诉全班同学:他在听我说话。和另一个女生重复操练这一个句型，然后尝试用现在进行时和全班一起操练不同的人称。
3.学生使用现在进行时进行小组对话。
步骤3---引入: 给学生介绍过去进行时。
1. 让学生A离开课室, 并在门口等候, 然后让学生B在黑板上写字,学生C在课室内走动。接着叫A走进课室。 2. 问学生B::你在干什么? 学生B回答:我在黑板上写字. (把B的回答写在黑板上。重复这一个对话对C进行提问，并把C的回答也写在黑板上。接着问B:刚才当A走进课室的时候你在做什么,此时老师要帮助学生一起回答并把答句写在黑板上。并告诉全班同学当A走进课室的时候B正在黑板上写字。并让全班同学重复这句话。重复这个对话询问C当A走进课室的时候他在做什么,询问其它学生当A走进课室的时候他们又在做什么,并帮助学生一起回答。
3. 告诉学生黑板上的句型就是我们今天学习的重点---过去进行时
介绍过去进行时。
B:I am writing on the blackboard.
I was writing on the blackboard. C: I am walking in the room.
I was walking in the room.
4 比较: 过去进行时与现在进行时。(作比较可以让学生有深刻的印象)
时态 现在进行时 过去进行时
用法 表示现在正在进行的动作 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
结构 is/am/are + doing was/were + doing
例句 I am having an English class I was having an English class.
步骤4---教授新课: SectionA(1a、1b、)
1( 屏幕上展示照片 (图18页)。给学生介绍图片相关的情况。
2( 让学生通过听力了解图片中发生的相关事情。 (这一步骤是为了使学生了解课文，并且帮助学生能轻易完成下面的任务1)
步骤5---三个任务:
任务1:谈论当飞碟到达的时候人们在做什么. 为了让工作更容易做,教师点着图中的剪头发的人问: 当飞碟到达的时候他在做什么。重复这一指令。
2. 学生小组操练上述的对话。并让一些学生来展示他们的对话过程。
3(学生尝试把他们所讲的句子在练习本上写出来。
任务2:记忆比赛(让学生更加集中注意力在课堂上)
比赛是这样的:1. 展示十余张动画在屏幕上.动画按一定的时间先后出现。
2. 把全班同学分成三个小组. 如果学生知道答案,迅速起来回答，如果答案正确,那么他的团队能够取得10分. 任务3:用过去进行时描述图中的故事4b;
1. 显示照片在屏幕。画面是描述一个小偷偷走了一个女孩子的单车故事。提示学生在每一个画面都有时钟显示时间. 学生要利用时间进行描述.
2. 四个学生为一小组合作讨论这个故事的发展情节,每人负责一个场景.
3. 让一两个小组来描述这个故事.
步骤6--总结:在学生经过三个任务操练后,帮助他们总结过去进行时。
步骤7---作业:进行课后调查;
询问你的两个搭档昨天这个时候他们在做些什么. 下一节上课的时候做一个
调查报告
行政管理关于调查报告关于XX公司的财务调查报告关于学校食堂的调查报告关于大米市场调查报告关于水资源调查报告
。
Blackboard Work
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
I am writing on the blackboard.
I was writing on the blackboard. I am walking in the room. I was walking in the room.
用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
结构 was/were + doing
常见的
标志词 1) at 9 o’clock yesterday, from 8 to 9 yesterday morning at this/that time yesterday
2) 主句(过去进行时)， when + 从句(一般 过去时)
例句 1)I was cutting hair at 9 o’clock yesterday. 2)I was sleeping late when the UFO arrived.
新目标(八下)Unit 9-SectionA说课稿
Unit 9 Section A 3a, 3b &4 (Go for it 2B)说课稿
一、教材分析:
,、教材的地位及作用:
第二册第九单元第二节课，本单元围绕阅读有关迪斯尼乐园的文章开展多种教学活动，学会用Have you ever been to „.?这个句型来询问别人的经
历。本节课是堂阅读课，它通过前几节课学习的句型，进一步加深对目标语言的理解和运用。
,、教学目标:(知识目标、能力目标、情感目标、学习策略目标) 知识目标:
(,)学习单词:Disneyland, Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck, character ,seen, theme, attraction, roller coaster, cruise, boat, take a ride,
board. route , end up, island, especially, travel.
(,)掌握句子:Have you ever been to „„?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
能力目标:提高学生听、说、读、写及知识自学的综合能力。
情感目标:
?通过形象、生动的教学使学生掌握如何去谈论过去的经历，增强学生对美好事物的追求和向往。 ?培养学生学习英语的强烈兴趣，乐于参加各种活动的积极情感。
学习策略目标:
?善于抓住用英语交际的机会。
?积极参于，善于合作。
确立教学目标的依据:
根据英语课程标准规定，通过听、说、读、写的训练，使学生获得英语基础知识和为交际初步运用英语的能力，激发学生的学习兴趣，为进一步学习打好初步的基础。此外，根据我国国情和外语教学大纲的要求，现阶段外语教学的素质教育主要包括思想素质教育、目的语素质教育、潜在外语能力的培养、非智力因素的培养等四方面。
,、重点与难点:
重点:学会用Have you ever done„..来描述过去的经历
难点:文章中较难句子的理解及应用。
确立重点与难点的依据:根据课程标准的要求，及本课在教材中所处的地位和作用。
二、说教法:
为了更好地突出重点，突破难点，我主要采用了:
1.任务型教学法:新课标倡导的“玩中学，学中玩”的理念也很受学生欢迎。例如，阅读文章时我设计了一些环节，让学生阅读后完成各种活动。培
养学生逻辑分类与表述能力。
2. 竞赛教学法:根据初中生争强好胜的性格特征，我每堂课都进行俩俩对话，激发学生兴趣，给学生创造外语语言氛，培养学生集体荣誉感。实践证明这是个复习巩固旧知识的好办法。
三、说学法:
1.善于抓住用英语交际的机会，充分感知，积极体验，大胆实践。例如，在复习环节，学生可以利用很多机会: dialogues(每组都有一次机会)，，
Act out the conversation(每组一次)。
2.积极参于，善于合作。例如，本课设计了几个任务，操作简单，学生一定很感兴趣并且积极地参与其中，从而合作完成任务，培养了团队精神。
四、说流程:
1.总体设计及依据
课前准备和复习(5分钟),任务应用(8分钟)-阅读(25分钟),任务应用(6分钟),,作业布置(1分钟) 依据:
?遵循人类认识过程的普遍规律和学生认识活动的特点。
?教师为主导，学生为主体。
2.分步设计及依据
Step1课前准备和复习(5分钟)
1.个人汇报。自由选择已学过或未学句型进行口语练习。创设英语氛围，活跃课堂气氛，调动学习积极性。同时促进预习的开展，为新课导入做准备。
2. 用卡片学习本单元重点词汇与短语。直观教学，加深印象，促进单词记忆，为新课的活动做准备。 Step 2 任务应用
通过表格的应用来学习其它动词的过去分词，进一步加强对目标语言的应用。
Step3阅读(25分钟)
1. 让学生自行阅读课文2分钟，找出所猜的词。然后通过阅读寻找答案，增强趣味性。 2. 划出文章中有趣味或没有趣味的事，进一步理解课文。
3. 回答问题，加深对文章的理解。
Step4任务应用(6分钟)
根据所学课文进行绘话练习，让学生学会交际使用，训练说的能力。
Step?作业布置(1分钟)
为了巩固课堂上所学知识，给学生布置课外作业:完成写作并完成部分练习。
本课以素质教育为目的，结合教材重点、难点及英语学科特点，利用任务型教学，从听、说、读、写等方面使学生得到锻炼，在愉快、轻松的氛围中温故而知新，达到初步运用英语交际的能力。
《新目标英语》八年级下册第一单元阅读理解部分。题目为will people have robots?
尊敬的老师，大家好。我说的课是《新目标英语》八年级下册第一单元阅读理解部分。题目为will people have robots?本课是学生初次接触的较长的阅读课文。无论在知识含量还是在阅读技能的培养上都是重点，课文的冗长，对机器人知识的匮乏都是教师上课的难点。因此需扩展相应知识，教授阅读方面技巧，从而提高阅读能力。
二、教学对象分析:学生已达到新课标三级阅读水平的要求
三、教学目标分析:
知识目标:了解机器人的外形和功能;根据标题，推测文章内容。
能力目标:运用快速阅读和精读技巧，学会迅速并准确找到所需信息
情感目标:使学生关注国际高科技的发展;能够看到事物的两面性:全面看待科技发展给我们带来的利弊。
四、教学重点:根据标题推测文章内容的阅读方法,了解机器人的外形和功能。
五、教学难点:对某些单词、词组和长句理解就“未来是否愿意和大量机器人共存”的论题陈述观点，时间1分钟左右。 六、教学方法与手段:
1、讨论法。
2、采用直观法. 导入播放机器人的视频，引起学生共鸣，激发学生学习兴趣;
3、教学用具:多媒体、黑板
七、学法
1、自主学习:这一节是阅读课，所以我指导学生在不同的要求下进行快速阅读和深层阅读，要求学生运用自主学习法从整体上把握课文，同时鼓励那些怕开口的同学，都参与到课堂的中，动手完成一些基础的学习任务，培养他们学习英语的信心，培养团结合作的精神 2、合作学习:积极参与活动，相互交流，互帮互助，合作完成任务，培养团队精神，更好地掌握本课所学知识。 八、教学过程
(一) 导入新课(1’)
运用多媒体课件，播放有关机器人的视频，引起学生共鸣，激发学生学习兴趣。 边看边展示与课文相关的新单词。让学生想像机器人都是什么样的，
机器人能做什么,
(这样导入新课，自然创设学习情景，引起学生共鸣，引起学生的兴趣。)
(二)快速阅读(skimming)(4’)
任务:让学生带着要求快速阅读课文:
Get the main idea of the whole passage.
这个环节是让学生初读课文，目的是训练快速阅读技巧，学生以较快的速度完成阅读，迅速找到答案。(学法指导:注意:用浏览、跳读和快读的技巧，培养自己快速获有用信息的能力---抓住关键词、主题句和中心大意的能力。
Tips: Reading for meaning , not for details(细节).不必逐行阅读
(三)深层阅读(5’)
任务一:默读文章，回答下列问题，我利用多媒体出示2个问题，(把2个问题打出来)然后让学生带着问题进行有目的阅读。(这样做可以充分利用课本资源，而且化难为易.在全班校对答案之前我让学生先进行同桌相互校对，充分发挥生生互动。)
让学生学会有目的进行阅读，同时通过问题的巧妙设计，让学生在语境中理解本文的重点词汇，比教师直接的讲授效果要好。
学生首先是在书上查找信息，属于知识输入阶段，然后回答是输出的过程，在这里真正做到把知识转换为能力。第二次阅读文章是解决重点内容的部分。通过上面二次阅读和训练。学生对课文的大意及细节的关注已经有了一定的认识。充分发挥合作学习的方法让学生一起完成阅读任务应该是水到渠成。但有些学生基础薄弱，缺乏信心和毅力，所以让他们在优生的帮助下，做力所能及的，和大家一起进行热烈的讨论，让他们感觉没有被班级抛弃，英语学习对他们并不是高不可攀，增强他们学习的勇气和信心。同时培养全体同学的合作精神和竞争意识。
任务二:(10’)要求学生再次对课文进行深入细致阅读。我这样做的目的是为了指导学生理解文章的细节，段落大意，段与段之间的联系，使学生对篇章结构有更深层次的理解，为此设计了几项具体的操练形式。
首先由四人一组，分组讨论，给文章分段并归纳出段落大意，找出topic sentences。这样以来不仅体现了学生之间合作与探索意识，同时又有助于培养学生分析归纳能力与合作解决问题能力。
然后是解释explaining: (15’)
这一部分主要是对学生在阅读中遇到的问题进行排疑解难，同时提出文章中的语法点，让学生学习语言知识。设计步骤:重新回到文章当中，学生自主独立学习，找到并画出自己认为难懂、不会的词、短语与句子，提出问题，让其他学生帮助解决问题，如若有疑义，老师在进一步讲解。这样做的目的是学生能做的让他们去做，让每一个学生都主动投入到课堂活动中来，始终坚持以学生为本，教师起主导作用这一理念。
(四)听音并抢答(5’)
让学生听磁带仔细听课文，通过分组比赛的形式让学生做对、错练习一方面
检测
工程第三方检测合同工程防雷检测合同植筋拉拔检测方案传感器技术课后答案检测机构通用要求培训
学生对该篇章的理解程度，另一方面活跃气氛。 (五)拓展延伸: (4’)
讨论:你认为机器人将来可以帮助你和你的家人做什么,未来是否愿意和大量机器人共存,
这个练习是课文的延伸，是学生对所学知识的再创造，充分发挥学生的主观性和创造性，提高学生的自身素质，也激发了学生对未来生活的热爱。 (六)作业(1’)
1( Read the passage.读课文要求:要求B层的学生要求能流利朗读;其余的学生会读并能熟练读出部分段落(可以自选段落但要求能占课文的三分之一)。
2. Write a letter to a robot scientist. Tell him what other things you think robots can do. Or tell him why you think robots are dangerous and help them to improve robots. (A层要求)
根据学生掌握知识层次的不同，我采用了分层作业，让学生都能尽其所能，完成一定的任务，满足学生的成就感和自豪感，增强学生学习的信心和兴趣。
新目标英语(Go For It)八年级下册第三单元
What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 说课稿
一、教材分析:
1. 位置和内容:这是新目标英语(Go For It)八年级下册第三单元第一课时。谈论如何使用过去进行时。如何使用过去进行时是本单元的重点内容。为了让学生更好的认识过去进行时，我重新安排了教学内容:SectionA(1a、1b、1c), SectionB (4b). 把这些内容组合在一起。 同时我也创造了一些便于进行沟通交流的情境，让学生学会使用过去进行时。
2(教学重点: 如何使用过去进行时。
3(教学难点: 如何在由when引导的时间状语使用过去进行时。
二、教学目标:
1. 知识目标:要求学生掌握使用过去进行时。
2. 能力目标:让学生做课堂的主人，同时培养他们掌握一些行之有效的学习方法,优化学习效果。
3. 情感目标:让学生爱上英语课堂活动,鼓励他们在课堂上进行合作交流。
4.学习策略目标:设法使学生掌握使用英语进行交流，学习积极参与班级活动.
三、教学分析:
1. 说教法:
1)任务型教学法:给学生三项任务， 让学生使用过去进行时来完成这些任务。使他们在任务中学习英语。 2)情景教学法:创造足够的交际环境刺激学生的视听能力,使他们能够更好的理解这一时态。以培养他们的听和会话能力。 3)交易际教学法:学生可以通过俩俩对话或小组对话来掌握过去进行时。
2. 说学法:
1)学生要善于把握机会,用英语进行沟通，大胆实践。
2)积极参加课堂活动，培养合作关系。
四.学生分析:
学生七年级下册就学过现在进行时, 并掌握如何使用现在进行时来描述日常活动, 而且掌握了一些日常活动的短语, 有利于他们学习过去进行时.
五. 教学过程的分析:
步骤1---组织
1)师生互相打招呼;
2)值日生报告;
步骤2---复习(目的是复习现在进行时)
1)显示三幅画面在屏幕(一学生在弹吉它,一学生在打蓝球,一些人在聚会,一人在玩电脑). 问: 他们在做什么? 2. 引导学生到实际情况中;问一男学生:请问你在做什么? 学生可能回答:我在听你说话。告诉全班同学:他在听我说话。和另一个女生重复操练这
一个句型，然后尝试用现在进行时和全班一起操练不同的人称。
3.学生使用现在进行时进行小组对话。
步骤3---引入: 给学生介绍过去进行时。
1. 让学生A离开课室, 并在门口等候, 然后让学生B在黑板上写字,学生C在课室内走动。接着叫A走进课室。 2. 问学生B::你在干什么? 学生B回答:我在黑板上写字. (把B的回答写在黑板上。重复这一个对话对C进行提问，并把C的回答也写在黑板上。
接着问B:刚才当A走进课室的时候你在做什么,此时老师要帮助学生一起回答并把答句写在黑板上。并告诉全班同学当A走进课室的时候B正在黑板
上写字。并让全班同学重复这句话。重复这个对话询问C当A走进课室的时候他在做什么,询问其它学生当A走进课室的时候他们又在做什么,并帮助学生一起回答。
3. 告诉学生黑板上的句型就是我们今天学习的重点---过去进行时
介绍过去进行时。
B:I am writing on the blackboard.
I was writing on the blackboard. C: I am walking in the room.
I was walking in the room.
4 比较: 过去进行时与现在进行时。(作比较可以让学生有深刻的印象)
时态 现在进行时 过去进行时
用法 表示现在正在进行的动作 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
结构 is/am/are + doing was/were + doing
例句 I am having an English class I was having an English class.
步骤4---教授新课: SectionA(1a、1b、)
1( 屏幕上展示照片 (图18页)。给学生介绍图片相关的情况。
2( 让学生通过听力了解图片中发生的相关事情。 (这一步骤是为了使学生了解课文，并且帮助学生能轻易完成下面的任务1) 步骤5---三个任务:
任务1:谈论当飞碟到达的时候人们在做什么. 为了让工作更容易做,教师点着图中的剪头发的人问: 当飞碟到达的时候他在做什么。重复这一指令。
2. 学生小组操练上述的对话。并让一些学生来展示他们的对话过程。
3(学生尝试把他们所讲的句子在练习本上写出来。
任务2:记忆比赛(让学生更加集中注意力在课堂上)
比赛是这样的:1. 展示十余张动画在屏幕上.动画按一定的时间先后出现。
2. 把全班同学分成三个小组. 如果学生知道答案,迅速起来回答，如果答案正确,那么他的团队能够取得10分. 任务3:用过去进行时描述图中的故事4b;
1. 显示照片在屏幕。画面是描述一个小偷偷走了一个女孩子的单车故事。提示学生在每一个画面都有时钟显示时间. 学生要利用时间进行描述.
2. 四个学生为一小组合作讨论这个故事的发展情节,每人负责一个场景. 3. 让一两个小组来描述这个故事.
步骤6--总结:在学生经过三个任务操练后,帮助他们总结过去进行时。 步骤7---作业:进行课后调查;
询问你的两个搭档昨天这个时候他们在做些什么. 下一节上课的时候做一个调查报告。
Blackboard Work
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? I am writing on the blackboard.
I was writing on the blackboard. I am walking in the room. I was walking in the room.
用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
结构 was/were + doing
常见的
标志词 1) at 9 o’clock yesterday, from 8 to 9 yesterday morning at this/that time yesterday
2) 主句(过去进行时)， when + 从句(一般 过去时) 例句 1)I was cutting hair at 9 o’clock yesterday. 2)I was sleeping late when the UFO arrived.
英语专项练习
一、 用动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (do) my homework every evening.
2. We _______ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.
3. My mother ________ (clean) our room on Sundays.
4. Tom _______(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he______ (play).
5. She _______(like) swimming. She ______ (swim) this weekend.
6. Usually my mother _______ (wash) the dishes after lunch. But my grandma_______ (wash) today. 7. Look at the man! He ______ (read) a magazine.
8. Look! The plane ________ (fly) over the building.
9. Listen! My aunt ________ (sing) in the room.She is a singer. She _____ (like) singing. She _______(have) a music show. She is excited. 10. Tom and Mike always ______ (swim) in the river. They _____ (swim) in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They ______ (swim). 11. What ______ you usually ______ (do) in the evening?
I _______ (play) computer games.
12. What _______ you _______ (do) now?
I _______ (make) a paper plane.
13. What _______ he _______ (do)?
He ______ (dance).
14. What _______ she ______ (do) yesterday?
She ______ (visit) her grandparents.
15. ______ your mother ______ (read) newspaper in the morning?
Yes, She ________ .
16. _______ you _______ (like) fishing?
No, I ______ . I like ______ (swim),but my brother ______ (like).
17. How ______ your father _______ (go) to work every day?
He ______ (go) by bike. But it’s cold today. He ______ (take) the No.21 bus,, and he _______ (go) to work by taxi yesterday. 18. _______ the monkey _______ (like) climbing trees? Yes, it _______ .
19. What _______ your father ______ (do) after lunch? He _______ (read) a comic book. What _____ he _______(do) today? He _______ (clean)
the kitchen for my grandma. Look! He (clean). 20. ________ you ______ (collect) stamps? Yes. I _______ .
________ your brother ______ (collect), too? No, he ________ .
二、选择题
1. _____ he _____ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No, he _____ . A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; doesn’t C. Does; go; does 2. What colour _____ you _____ this bookcase? I _____ it pink. A. are; going to paint; am going to paint B. do; paint; paint C. did; paint; painted
3. Tim always _____ a picture at home. He _____ a car now.
A. draws; is drawing B. draw; draw C. draws; draw
4. She usually _____ her friends. They often _____ tea.
A. visit; drink B. visits; drinks C. visits; drink 5. He usually _____ the dishes at night, but tonight he _____ clothes.
A. wash; wash B. washes; is going to wash C. is washing; washes 6. Mr. Green usually _____ his newspaper in the evening, but he and his wife _____ television yesterday evening.
A.reads; watches B.reads; is going to watch C.reads; watched
7. Where are the man and the woman? They _____ near the tree.
A. sit B. sat C. are sitting
8. _____ your pen pal _____ diving? No, he _____ .He ______ writing stories. A. Does; like; doesn’t; likes B. Does; likes; doesn’t; like C. Do; like; don’t; likes
9. _____ you _____ fishing yesterday? No, we _____ .
A. Does; go; doesn’t B. Did; go; didn’t C. Do; go; don’t 10. Open the window, Please. Look! He _____ it.
A. opens B. is openning C. is opening
11. I usually _____ some milk every day. But I _____ coffee yesterday.
A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drinking 12. Mr. Green often _____ his newspapers at night. But he _____ an interesting book tonight.
A. reads; reads B. reads; read C. reads; is going to read 13. The old man _____ playing sports in the park. He _____ morning exercise now.
A. likes; is doing B. likes; does C. like; doing 14. What _____ you usually _____ in the evening? I ______ computer games.
What _____ you _____ last night? I _____ a book.
A. do; do; play B. did; do; played C. does; do; plays
did; do; read do; do; read do; do; am reading 15. Where ______ the boy _____ ? He _____ across the river now.
A. does; swim; swims B. is; swimming; is swimming
D. is; swimming; is swimming
16. _____ you _____ to music now? Yes, we _____ .
A. Do; listen; do B. Did; listen; did C. Are; listening; are 17. Put on you coat, please. OK. I ______ it on.
A. am putting B. am going to put C. put
18. _____ you ______ coffee? Yes, I ______ .
A. Do; like; do B. Did; like; did C. Are; like; am 19. Look! Two cats ______ across the wall.
A. run B. runs C. are running 20. She _____ tea, but he _____ .
A. likes; doesn’t B; like; don’t C. like; doesn’t
英 语 动 词 时 态
(豫英实验学校预初英语备课组整理200710)
一、英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种动词形式称作动词时态。动作或状态发生的时间可以有现在、过去、
将来和过去将来四种，而发生的方式也有一般、进行、完成和完成进行四种(即初中英语的八种时态)。
动词时态 be have do
一般现在时
I am I/You/We/They have I/You/We/They work
He/She is He/ She/Alice has He/She/Alice works
We/You/They are
现在进行时 have do
I am having I am working
He/She is having He/ She/ Alice is working
You/We/They are having You/We/They are working
现在完成时 be have do
I/You/We/They have been I/You/We/They have had I/You/We/They have worked
He/ She/Alice
has been He/ She/Alice
has had He/ She/Alice
has worked
一般过去时 be have do
I/He/She/Alice was I/You/We/They/ He/ She/Alice had I/You/We/They/ He/ She/Alice worked
We/You/They were
过去进行时 have do
I/He/She/Alice was having I/He/She/Alice was working
We/You/They were having We/You/They were working 过去完成时 be have do
I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice
had been I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice
had had I/You/We/They/ He/ She/Alice
Had worked
一般将来时 be have do
I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will be
(I/We shall be) I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will have (I/We shall have) I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will work
(I/We shall worked)
过去将来时 I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice would be I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice
would have I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice
would work
二、八种时态具体分析:
1、 一般现在时态:
a. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作
b. 现在的特征或状态
c. 普遍真理
d. 有些表示状态和感觉的动词。
如:be, love, like, hate, want, hope, need, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe, guess, belong, seem, look, have, sound, sound, taste，smell, touch, feel等常可用于一般现在时态。
e. 表示未来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句用一般现在时态。
f. 一般现在时态还用在布告、天气预报、报纸、电台。(says)掌握一般现在时态，还请记住下列单词或词语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (morning, week), every other day每隔一天every three days, once (twice) a week (month, year), in the morning g. 表示按计划或时刻要发生的事情
2、 一般将来时态:
a. 表示将要发生的动作或情况。
b. 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事情。掌握一般将来时态的用法，请记住下列单词和短语。 In three days (an hour, half a year), next week (Monday, month), tomorrow, this afternoon (evening, coming Saturday-)，soon, some day,
tonight, 等等。
3、 一般过去时:
a. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(惯性的动作)
b. 在谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时态。
c. 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生过的，应当用过去时态。 (1) 接到你的信很高兴。I was glad to get your letter. (2) 最后的比分怎么样,What was the final score?
(3) 你觉得他们的表演怎么样,How did you like their performance? (4) 我没想到你这样忙。I didn’t know you were so busy (5) 我以为你出去了。I thought you were out.
(6) 我没想到在这里碰到你。I didn’t expect to meet you here. (7) 你说什么,What did you say??
掌握一般过去时态的用法，请记住下列单词或短语:
last + 时间点;时间段 + ago; yesterday, just now,
the other day (前几天)
4、 过去将来时:
表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。
5、 现在进行时:
a. 表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。
b. 在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字，在翻译英语时必须用进行时态。例:
(1) 工作进行的怎么样,How are you getting on with your work? (2) 风挺大(下雨了)It’s blowing hard. (raining)
(3) 你等谁,Who(m) are you waiting for?
c. 在一般现在时态中所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作，但是如果词义转变，表示一个正在
进行的动作，就能够用于进行时态。
试比较:
表示状态或感觉 表示正在进行的动作
Do you see anyone over here? Are you seeing someone off,
I hear someone singing. Are you feeling well today?
What do you think of it, What are you thinking about,
He looks well today. He is looking after his little sister.
d. 去向性动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作。但这仅限少量动词，如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等
e. 在there和here引起的句子中，常可用一般现在时态代替现在进行时态:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.汽车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃声响了。
f. 在某些情况下, 两种时态都可以。
(1) Dose your leg hurt? (Is your leg hurting) 腿疼吗,
(2) My back aches. (My back is aching) 我背疼。
6、 过去进行时:
a. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作:
b. 过去进行时和一般过去时的差别是前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者表示一个完成的动作。例:
(1)I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说(可能没有看完)
(2)I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说。(可能看完了) 7、 现在完成时:表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况，可以是:
a. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和，也可以表示状态和习惯性动作) b. 对现状有影响的某一发生的动作。
c. 但有一个表示过去某时的状语(包括when)时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。 d. 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，多用现在完成时。
e. 在有already, yet, just, ever, never, since--, for + 一段时间，by now,
in the past (last) few years, so far, 强调“多少”，“多久”等词的情况下用现在完成时 f. 在单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及其他对象的影响时，通常用一般现在时;如果谈论一件已经发生的事情，不考虑它是何时发生的，而主要考虑对
现在的影响，则多用现在完成时。例:
Did you get up very early,你起来的早吗,
Has he got up? 他起来了吗,
注意:have been to 去过某个地方，已返回
have gone to 去某个地方了
have been in 去了某地多久(在某地多久)
8、 过去完成时:
a. 表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况(也可以说是“过去的过去”)
b. 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来，这是过去完成时表示的动作较另一动作先发生。 c. 应当记住，过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去。只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。 在包含when, as soon as, before, until, now, that等连词的复合句中，如果主要谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则通常不用过去完成时。特别是在包含before和after的复合句中。 三、时态综合练习:
1. ________ the actor ________ (speak) German well?
2. The old lady ____________ (go) home from the supermarket when I saw her the other day. 3. He ____________ (lend) you this calculator as soon as he _________(finish) his maths exercises. 4. The train ____________ (come), can you _________(see) it?
5. He _________ (tell) me that he__________ (go) to see his twins in Beijing the next Saturday. 6. Sorry. I __________ (keep) you ________ (wait) so long.
7. Don't let the little girl_________ (go) alone. It's too late.
8. He_____________ (walk) with a camera in the street when I________ (see) him yesterday.
9. She _______________ (not write) a report at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. She ___________(write) a letter to her parents.
10. My aunt ______________(travel) a lot last year.
11. When the people in Athens ___________ (learn) the good news,
they_______ (be) proud of themselves.
12. Dick _______(jump) into a large hole as soon as he _______(see) the bear. 13.The ship _________just_________ (return) from the South Pole. The scientists _______________ (collect) much information.
14. I ___________ (receive) his letter since last year.
15. How many times _________ he _______ (read) the book.?
16. He ____________ (live) in the north for three years. Now he_________(be) used to cold weather. 17. Mother ________ already __________(buy) a bottle of Shampoo, but she ____________ (not got) any drinks yet. 18. They__________ (go) camping if they _________ (be) free tomorrow.
19. Close your books. I ____________ (ask) you some questions.
20. We ____________ (leave) secondary school in a month.
21. I________ (not see) you for a long time. Where ______ you ________(be)?
22. We _____________(make) friends since we began to study at middle school. 23. Look! The students of Class Three _____________ (have) a test in computer science. 24. The summer holiday_________ (come) soon. The students_________(think) of traveling. 25. Where ___________ (be) your monitor? He ___________ (read) in the classroom. 26. Listen! Who____________ (sing)?
27. Where ___________ (be) Liping? He____________ (go) home.
28. We _________ (plant) trees in spring every year.
29. Mary ____________already _______ _ (finish) her work. Now she is playing the violin. 30. My sister teaches in a mountain village. She ________ (work) very hard. 31. Many people in the world ________ (speak) English fluently.
32. Everyone________ (enjoy) the Spring Festival especially the children. 33. I ________ (see) Mr and Mrs Green off at the airport tomorrow. 34.The students ________ (borrow)books from the library once a week. 35. He ________ (write) a report for the newspaper last night.
36. We ________ (build) a new big theatre next month.
37. It was eight in the evening. Xiaoling ________ (do) his homework.
38. Light __________ (travel) more quickly than sound does.
39. If he ____________ (forget) to bring his key, he won't be able to get into the room. 40. I _________ (throw) the broken glass away already.
41. It's quarter to eight. The students _________ (hurry) to school. 42. We _______ __(visit) Shanghai Car Show this coming Sunday. _____you ______ (join) us?
( 1 )
1. The doctor__________ out my bed tooth just now.
2. Rose __________here now. Perhaps she ___________ to the school library. 3. When they __________the station yesterday, the train ________ already __________. 4. We often ____________ a recorder in our English class.
( 2 )
1. They promised (答应) they________ more careful the next time.
2. Computers _________the life of everyone in the coming future.
3. The meeting_________ until the headmaster ________. 4. He ___________ me he would come back soon.
5. Listen! The bell____________.
( 3 )
1. Keep silent! The students _____________ an English lesson. 2. This time last year Tom and Jack ___________ in Europe. 3. It's a sunny day again! It ___________ for quite a long time. 4. There __________ no one in the reading room a few minutes ago. 5. The foreign friends watched the children ___________ pictures with great interest.
(4)
1. Mary ___________ doing her homework already. 2. Mr White __________ Pudong New Area soon.
3. The workers____________ the factory at that time. 4. The machines ___________ on show for a month.
5. Sound ___________340metres a second in the air. 6. He often _________ up early when he was a boy.
(5)
1. Mike ___________ me with my physics tonight. But I don't know why he hasn't come yet.
2. It _________ hard when he __________ me up.
3. Mike and John's room ____________ over there.
4. ----What ________ you ________ a moment ago?
----I___________ a picture a moment ago.
5. Liping and Zhonghua usually __________water for Grandma Wang in the afternoon.
6. The youngest girl _________ here. I don't know where she _________.
(6)
1. Mother _____________ back in a few minutes.
2. What ________you _________ this time yesterday?
3. We______________ ourselves last Sunday.
4. My father ___________ in this factory since 1976. 5. Listen! Who ______________ in the next room?
6. I will tell her as soon as her___________ back. 7. Don't make any noise, please. My father ___________ now. 8. He ___________ quit a few friends since he came here.
(7)
1. How long does it ________the earth to make a trip around the sun? 2. We __________ some foreigners around the Science Museum tomorrow. 3. Liping isn't here. He ___________ TV in the next room. 4. The football game began when we ___________ supper. 5. They __________ each other before.
6. There__________ a short break after this class.
(8)
1. Mr Smith______________ at school since 1990.
2. Mr White ___________ to some parents when I _________him. 3. A group of foreigners __________ their school next year. 4. I was surprised _________her on the train.
5. --What __________last night?
--Some thieves ___________ into the house and the TV set ________.
加入收藏夹 主题: 时间状语从句 知识讲解 when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别
内容: when, while，as,三者引导时间状语从句的区别与联系老师请您详细的讲解一下，每次都错。
提交人: 时间: happy女生 7/27/2003 18:13:37 主题: when，while，as
when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别
when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
内容:
? Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already,(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还
想再找新的,
?Sorry，I was out when you called me((call为短暂性动词)对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
?Strike while the iron is hot((is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。
? The students took notes as they listened((listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1(从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
?When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest((finished先发生)当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
?When I got to the airport，the guests had left((got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2(从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
?When ,While ,As we were dancing，a stranger came in((dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
?When ,While ,As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter((make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3(当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着……”;“一边……，一边……”之意。
? As the time went on，the weather got worse((as表示“随着……”之意)
? The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases(随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
?As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer(随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
?The little girls sang as they went(小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
?The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying(伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
4(在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
?You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it(在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
?When the manager comes here for a visit next week，I'll talk with him about this(下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。
sb(had hardly(,scarcely) done sth(when(((,Hardly , Scarcely had sb(done sth(when(((
?I had hardly ,scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door(,
Hardly , Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door(我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
?I had hardly ,scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang(,Hardly ,
Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang(我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
初中语法讲解:时间状语从句
2010-04-26 12:00:18 来源:北京中考网 分享资源 时间状语从句
(adverbial clause of time)
1.由when, while, as，after,before引导的时间状语从句。例如:
, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When you think you know nothing
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当
真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切～
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。
【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ，时间，since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了,
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都。例如:表示 “一……就”
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when/ before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
Wheneverthatmansays“Totellthetruth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要“例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
这是一般现在，一般过去，现在进行，过去进行，现在完成，过去完成，现在完成进行，一般将来，过去将来时的时间状语:
1.Often,usually----------动词原型do,does,am,is, are
2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-------动词过去式did,was,were
3.now--------be+doing
4.while,at that time,-------was doing,were doing
5.since从句,for 2 days,------have done,have been
6.by+过去的某个时间点----had done,had been
7.与现在完成相似-------have been+持续动词ing形式
8.一切表示将来的时间状语，in+一段时间-------将来要发生的一般性动作,
will,shall+原型
9.与一般将来时相似-----------would+原型
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习
上传: 钟敏楠 更新时间:2012-5-17 9:17:26
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习 一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.
(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) the school (that/which he once studi)ed in is very famous.
(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如:look for, look after, take care of等
(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)
(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)
(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)
(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)
(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某
些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如:
in the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help. a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom
简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助)"。所以，d是正确选项。
四(关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school.
(2) the time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.
(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) i don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which i was born. /where
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如:
there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗, 五(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on.
(2) china is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2) his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥) 难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
1(当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时
(1) have you taken down everything that mr. li has said?
(2) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) all that can be done has been done.
(4) there is little that i can do for you. 注意:当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) the first place that they visited in london was the big ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) this is the best film that i have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时
(1) this is the very dictionary that i want to buy,
(2) after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) who is the man that is standing there?
(2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most? 6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
(二)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1(as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1) he married her, as/which was natural.
(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的
意思
(1) as is known to all, china is a developing country.
(2) he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) john, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe.
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) i have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) he is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) this is the same book as i lost last week. 注意:当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.
她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't ) (五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1(定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) the plane that has just taken off is for london. 定语从句
(2) the fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2(定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether,
what等词引导，充当成分
(1) the news he told me is true.
(2) the news that he has just died is true.
(3) the problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) the problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) the idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
(2) the idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) the fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位语
(4) the fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
初中英语分类练习
——定语从句 定语从句专练(一)
1.the place _______interested me most was the children's palace.
a. which b. where c. what d. in which
2.do you know the man _______?
a. whom i spoke b. to who spoke c. i spoke to d. that i spoke
3.this is the hotel _______last month.
a. which they stayed b. at that they stayed
c. where they stayed at d. where they stayed
4.do you know the year ______the chinese communist party was founded? a. which b. that c. when d. on which
5.that is the day ______i'll never forget.
a. which b. on which c. in which d. when
6.the factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. a. where b. to which c. which d. in which
7.great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
a. where b. that c. which d. there
8.this is one of the best films _______.
a. that have been shown this year b. that have shown
c. that has been shown this year d. that you talked
9.can you lend me the book ______the other day?
a. about which you talked b. which you talked
c. about that you talked d. that you talked
10.the pen ______he is writing is mine.
a. with which b. in which c. on which d. by which
11.they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. a. whom b. who c. which d. that
12.the engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. a. to whom b. on whom c. with which d. with whom 13.it there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? a. who b. who's c. which d. whose
14.i'm interested in ______you have said. a. all that b. all what c. that d. which
15.i want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. a. which b. who c. what d. as
16.he isn't such a man ______he used to be. a. who b. whom c. that d. as 17.he is good at english, ______we all know. a. that b. as c. whom d. what 18.li ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. a. i went with b. with whom i went c. with who i went d.i went with him
19.i don't like ______ as you read.
a. the novels b. the such novels c. such novels d. same novels 20.he talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
a. which b. that c. whom d. what
21.the letter is from my sister, ______is working in beijing. a. which b. that c. whom d. who
22.in our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. a. them b. which c. whom d. who
23.you're the only person ______i've ever met ______could do it. a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who 24.i lost a book, ______i can't remember now.
a. whose title b. its title c. the title of it d. the title of that 25.last summer we visited the west lake, ______hangzhou is famous in the world. a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what
26.i have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on tv. a. that b. which c. as d. it
27.i can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when 28.the way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
a. which b. whose c. what d./
29.this is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. a. in which b. with which c. that d. for which
30.this machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked after c. that i have looked after d. i have looked after
31.the reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
a. why; that b.that;why c. for that;that d.for which;what
32.he is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. a.that b.which c.for which d.who
33.that is not the way ______i do it.
a./ b.which c.for which d.with which
34.i have two grammars, ______are of great use.
a. all of which b. either of which c. both of that d. both of which 35.i want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
a. as was b. which was c. as were d. which
36.my neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
a. who b. which c. that d. it
37.this is the magazine _______ i copied the paragraph. a. that b. which c. from that d. from which
38.he is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. a. that b. which c. who d. as
39. you can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. a. / b. why c. when d. whose
40. smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. a. that b. which c. it d. though
41. --- did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
a. what; that b. what; what c. which; which d. that; that 42. i shall never forget those years _______ i lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life. a. when; who b. that; which c. which; that d. when; which
43. the number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
a. owns; are b. owns; is c. own; is d. own; are 44. during the days ________, he worked as a servant at the browns.
a. followed b. following c. to follow d. that followed
45. is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
a. that b. / c. which d. it
46. the clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house. a. which; what b. through which; what c. through that; what d. what; that 47. is _______ some german friends visited last week?
a. this school b. this the school c. this school one d. this school where
48. john got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
a. as b. that c. what d. who
49. i have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
a. none of them b. neither of them c. neither of which d. none of which
50. all that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
a. are being b. has been c. had been d. have been
定语从句专练 (二)
1. don’ttalkabout such things of __________ you are not sure.
a. which b. what c. as d. those
2. is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
a. that b. where c. in which d. the one
3. is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last friday?
a. that b. where c. which d. the one
4. is this the factory _____ he worked ten years ago? a. that b. where c. which d. the one 5. the wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’tbefound.
a. that b. where c. in which d. in that
6. the freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
a. at which b. on that c. in which d. of what
7. this book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.
a. how you have observed b. what you have observed
c. that you have observed d. how that you have observed
8. the reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. a. because b. why c. that d. whether
9. i’lltellyou__________ he told me last week.
a. all which b. that c. all that d. which
10. that tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
a. whose b. of which c. in which d. on which
11. i have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
a. as b. that c. which d. what
12. he failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
a. which b. it c. that d. what
13. we’retalking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. a. which b. whom c. who d. that
14. the girl __________ an englishsonginthenextroomistom’ssister.
a. who is singing b. is singing c. sang d. was singing
15. those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
a. learn b. who c. that learns d. who learn
16. anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
a. that againsts b. that against c. who is against d. who are against 17. didn’tyouseetheman__________?
a. i nodded just now b. whom i nodded just now
c. i nodded to him just now d. i nodded to just now 18. can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
a. that you talked b. you talked about it
c. which you talked with d. you talked about
19. is there anything __________ to you? a. that is belonged b. that belongs
c. that belong d. which belongs
20. ---- “howdoyoulikethebook?”
---- “it’squite different from __________ i read last month.”
a. that b. which c. the one d. the one what
21. mr. zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except ______ who had already taken them. a. the ones b. ones c. some d. the others
22. the train ______ she was travelling was late. a. which b. where c. on which d. in that 23. he has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.
a. where b. in which c. under which d. which
24. antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
a. which b. where c. that d. about which
25. it’sthethird time __________ late this month. a. that you arrived b. when you arrived
c. thatyou’vearrived d. whenyou’vearrived
26. it was in 1969 __________ the american astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
a. that b. which c. when d. in which
27. may the fourth is the day __________ we chinese people will never forget.
a. which b. when c. on which d. about which
28. we are going to spend the spring festival in guangzhou, __________ live my randparents and some relatives. a. which b. that c. who d. where
29. the hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
a. we stayed at b. where we stayed at c. we stayed d. in that we stayed
30. is it in that factory __________ “redflag”carsareproduced?
a. in which b. where c. which d. that
31. it is the suez canal __________ separates asia __________ africa.
a. which, to b. where, from c. that, from d. that, with
32. under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. a . there b. where c. it d. which
33. he is not __________ a fool __________. a. such, as he is looked b. such, as he looks c. as, as he is looked d. so, as he looks
34. is that the reason __________ you are in favor of the proposal?
a. which b. what c. why d. for that
35. he must be from africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
a. that b. as c. who d. what 36. he has two sons, __________ work as chemists.
a. two of whom b. both of whom c. both of which d. all of whom 37. i, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
a. who is b. who am c. that is d. what is 38. he is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
a. who b. that c. from which d. from whom
39. ---- do you know the town at all? ---- no, this is the first time i __________ here.
a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming
40. idon’tlike__________ you speak to her.
a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which
41. the two things __________ they felt very proud arejim’sgoldwatch and della’shair.
a. about which b. of which c. in which d. for which
42. the dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
a. would have b. have had c. had never had d. had ever had 43. do you know which hotel __________?
a. she is staying b. she is staying in c. is she staying d. is she staying in 44. there is only one thing __________ i can do.
a. what b. that c. all d. which
45. who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
a. which b. that c. where d. in that
46. i have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.
a. them b. that c. which d. those
47. they were interested __________ you told them.
a. in which b. in that c. all that d. in everything
48. the astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.
a. which we think it is b. which we think are of c. of which we think is d. i think which is of 49. the great day we looked forward to __________ at last.
a. come b. came c. coming d. comes
50. i like the second football match __________ was held last week.
a. which b. who c. that d. /
参考答案及解析
定语从句专练 (一)
1. a. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2(c. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为do you know the man whom i spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. d. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. c. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5(a. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6(c. 解析同第5题。
7. a. 解析见第3题。
8. a. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为
先行词。
9.a.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. a. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. c. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在从句中作状语.
12. d. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. d. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. a. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15.d.thesame……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16.d.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. b. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom i went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:i went to the concert with li ming. 19. c. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. b. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. d. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. c. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. d. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. a. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. a. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. c. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. as在本从句中作主语.
27. a. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. d. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. d. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. b. which i have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. a. the reasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. b. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. a. 解释见28题.
34. d. 主句中的two表明不能选a.从句中的are表明不能选b. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. c. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、
表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. b. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. d.
38. d. 解析见35题.
39. a. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. b. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. a. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. d. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. c. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是the number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主
句的谓语动词要用is。
44. d. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. a. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. b. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。what引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47. b. 为便于理解，改写本句话:this is the school that some germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited
的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. a. 解释见35题。
49. c. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，c是正确选项。
50. b. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
定语从句专练 (二)
1—5 aadba 6—10 abcca 11—15 aadad 16—20 cddbc 21—25 acbdc 26—30 aadad 31—35 cabcb 36—40 bbdba 41—45 bdbbc 46—50 cdbbc
状语从句,
【考点直击】
1. 时间状语从句
2. 条件状语从句
3. 原因状语从句
4. 结果状语从句
5. 比较状语从句
6. 目的状语从句
7. 让步状语从句
8. 地点状语从句
【名师点睛】
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语
从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如:
It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
I'll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是"一直到……时"，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是"直到……
才……","在……以前不……",谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如: The young man read till the light went out.
Let's wait until the rain stops.
We won't start until Bob comes.
Don't get off until the bus stops.
2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如:
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don't leave the building unless I tell you to.
(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
I'll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won't be late unless he is ill.
(3)"祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句" 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如: He didn't come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。
由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:
------Why aren't going there?
------Because I don't want to.
As he has no car, he can't get there easily.
Since we have no money, we can't buy it.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4. 结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如:
He is so poor that he can't buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn't see it.
(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: "...so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句"。例如: He was so glad that he couldn't say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，
前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如: Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can't go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级 +than…等连词引导。例如: Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如:
We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语
从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
7. 让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如: Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:
我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.
8. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)
You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where
答案:A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。
2. (2004年江西省中考试题)
---Shall we go on working?
---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
答案:D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。 3. (2004年徐州市中考试题)
None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it.
A. when B. until C. after D. though
答案:B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是"在……以前我们没人知道这件事。"要表达着一意思应用"not…until" 这一句型。
4. (2004年泉州市中考试题)
---I hope you'll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I'll give you a call _________ I get there.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
答案:B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是"一到那里，我就给你打电话。"要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1. _______ he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A. Though B. Since C. For D. So
2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?
---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can't swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help
C. will fall; help D. falls; helping
4. I don't remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.
A. what B. which C. where D. who
5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.
A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming
6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don't; when C. not to; until D. not; after
7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.
A. when B. that C. until D. because
8. I'll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest
C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less
10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while
11. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
12. When you read the book, you'd better make a mark _______ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though
13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order
14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.
A. because B. as C. if D. since
15. It is ______ that we'd like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day
C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day
16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very
17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if
18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that
C. No matter how D. The moment
20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.
A. will get B. get C. getting D. got
二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。
I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me. 2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。 Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they ______ her _____ their mother.
3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best. 4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗,
Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai.
5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。
The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years.
6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。
_______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by herself.
7. 他长大后相当一名记者。
He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______.
8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
_______ _______ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school. 9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn't come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.
【练习答案】
一. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether it's 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was ill
初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that
既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to,
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁,(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one
定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop, 你在商店里有什么东等不
西要买吗,
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得
我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying, 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁,
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk,
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么,
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如:
Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father,
-Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim,
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day,
that you bought B. you bought it A.
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up your hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in
， which， who， whom填空。 ?. 用适当的关系代词that
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now,
1. A football fan(球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what
8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where
10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
11. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
13. -How do you like the book?
-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 15. The train _____ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
18. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived 19. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because
20. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
21. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B.
that C. who D. where
25. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 42. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
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