大学原文及翻译

大学原文及翻译 大学之道(1)，在明明德(2)，在亲民(3)，在止于至善。 知止(4)而后有定;定而后能静;静而后能安;安而后能虑;虑而后能得(5)。 物有本末，事有终始。知所先后，则近道矣。 古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国;欲治其国者，先齐其家(6);欲齐其家者，先修其身(7);欲修其身者，先正其心;欲正其心者，先诚其意;欲诚其意者，先致其知(8);致知在格物(9)。物格而后知至;知至而后意诚;意诚而后心正;心正而后身修;身修而后家齐;家齐而后国治;国治而后天下平。 自天子以至于庶人(10)，壹是皆以修身为本(11)。其本乱而未治者否矣(12)。其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚(13)，未之有也(14)～ 【注释】 (1)大学之道:大学的宗旨。“大学”一词在古代有两种含义:一是“博学”的意思;二是相对于 小学 小学生如何制作手抄报课件柳垭小学关于三违自查自纠报告小学英语获奖优质说课课件小学足球课教案全集小学语文新课程标准测试题 而言的“大人之学”。古人八岁人小学，学习“洒扫应对进退、礼乐射御 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 数”等文化基础知识和礼节;十五岁人大学，学习伦理、政治、哲学等“穷理正心，修己治人”的学问。所以，后一种含义其实也和前一种含义有相通的地方，同样有“博学”的意思。”道“的本义是道路，引申为规律、原则等，在中国古代哲学、政治学里，也指宇宙万物的本原、个体，一定的政治观或思想体系等，在不同的上下文环境里有不同的意思。(2)明明德:前一个“明”作动词，有使动的意味，即“使彰明”，也就是发扬、弘扬的意思。后一个“明”作形容词，明德也就是光明正大的品德。(3)亲民:根据后面的“传”文，“亲”应为“新”，即革新、弃旧图新。亲民，也就是新民，使人弃旧图新、去恶从善。(4)知止:知道目标所在。(5)得:收获。(6)齐其家:管理好自己的家庭或家族，使家庭或家族和和美美，蒸蒸日上，兴旺发达。(7)修其身:修养自身的品性。(8)致其知:使自己获得知识。(9)格物:认识、研究万事万物。。(10)庶人:指平民百姓。(11)壹是:都是。本:根本。(12)末:相对于本而言，指枝末、枝节。(13)厚者薄:该重视的不重视。薄者厚:不该重视的却加以重视。(14)未之有也:即未有之也。没有这样的道理(事情、做法等)。 【译文】 大学的宗旨在于弘扬光明正大的品德，在于使人弃旧图新，在于使人达到最完善的境界。知道应达到的境界才能够志向坚定;志向坚定才能够镇静不躁;镇静不躁才能够心安理得;心安理得才能够思虑周祥;思虑周祥才能够有所收获。每样东西都有根本有枝未，每件事情都有开始有终结。明白了这本末始终的道理，就接近事物发展的规律了。古代那些要想在天下弘扬光明正大品德的人，先要治理好自己的国家;要想治理好自己的国家，先要管理好自己的家庭和家族;要想管理好自己的家庭和家族，先要修养自身的品性;要想修养自身的品性，先要端正自己的心思;要想端正自己的心思，先要使自己的意念真诚;要想使自己的意念真诚，先要使自己获得知识;获得知识的途径在于认识、研究万事万物。通过对万事万物的认识、研究后才能获得知识;获得知识后意念才能真诚;意念真诚后心思才能端正;心思端正后才能修养品性;品性修养后才能管理好家庭和家族;管理好家庭和家族后才能治理好国家;治理好国家后天下才能太平。上自国家元首，下至平民百姓，人人都要以修养品性为helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 根本。若这个根本被扰乱了，家庭、家族、国家、天下要治理好是不可能的。不分轻重缓急，本末倒置却想做好事情，这也同样是不可能的～ 《康诰》(1)曰:“克明德。”(2)《大甲》(3)曰:“顾(讠是)天之明命。”(4)《帝典》(5)曰:“克明峻德。”(6)皆自明也。(7) 【注释】 (1)康浩:《尚书?周书》中的一篇。《尚书》是上古历史文献和追述古代 事迹 优秀志愿者事迹材料平安创建事迹材料优秀班集体事迹材料工会先进集体事迹材料优秀教师事迹300字 的一些文章的汇编，是”五经”之一，称为“书经”。全书分为《虞书》、《夏书》、《商书》、《周书》四部分。(2)克:能够。(3)大甲:即《太甲》，《尚书?商书》中的一篇。(4)顾:思念。是:此。明命:光明的禀性。(5)帝典:即《尧典》，《尚书?虞书》中的一篇。(6)克明峻德:《尧典》原句为“克明俊德”。俊:与“峻”相通，意为大、崇高等。(7)皆:都，指前面所引的几句话。 【译文】 《康诰》说:“能够弘扬光明的品德。”《太甲》说:“念念不忘这上天赋予的光明禀性。”《尧典》说:“能够弘扬崇高的品德。”这些都是说要自己弘扬光明正大的品德。 汤之，《盘铭》(1)曰:“苟日新，日日新，又日新。”(2)《康诰》曰:“作新民。”(3)《诗》曰:“周虽旧邦，其命维新。”(4)是故君子无所不用其极。 【注释】 (1)汤:即成汤，商朝的开国君主。盘铭:刻在器皿上用来警戒自己的箴言。这里的器皿是指商汤的洗澡盆。(2)苟:如果。新:这里的本义是指洗澡除去身体上的污垢，使身体焕然一新，引申义则是指行精神上的弃旧图新。(3)作:振作，激励。新民:即“经”里面说的“亲民”，实应为“新民”。意思是使新、民新，也就是使人弃旧图新，去恶从善。(4)“《诗曰》”句:这里的《诗》指《诗经.大雅.文王》。周，周朝。旧邦，旧国。其命，指周朝所禀受的天命。维:语助词，无意义。(5)是故君子无所不用其极:所以品德高尚的人无处不追求完善。是故，所以。君子，有时候指贵族，有时指品德高尚的人，根据上下文不同的语言环境而有不同的意思。 【译文】 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 商汤王刻在洗澡盆上的箴言说”如果能够一天新，就应保持天天新，新了还要更新。” 《康诰》说:“激励人弃旧图新。” 《诗经》说，“周朝虽然是旧的国家，但却禀受了新的天命。”所以，品德高尚的人无处下追求完善。 《诗》云:“邦畿千里，惟民所止。”(1)《诗》云:“缗蛮黄鸟，止于丘隅(2)。”子日:“于止，知其所止，可以人而不如鸟乎～”《诗》云:“穆穆文王，於缉熙敬止(3)～”为人君，止于仁;为人臣，止于敬;为人子，止于孝;为人父，止于慈;与国人交，止于信。《诗》云:“瞻彼淇澳，绿竹猗猗。有斐君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮(亻闲)兮，赫兮喧兮。有斐君子，终不可(讠宣)(4)兮～”如切如磋者，道学也(5);如琢如磨者，自修也;瑟兮(亻闲)兮者，恂栗也(6);赫兮喧兮者，威仪也;有斐君子，终不可(讠宣)兮者，道盛德至善，民之不能忘也。《诗》云:“於戏～前王不忘(7)。”君子贤其贤而亲其亲，小人乐其乐而利其利，此以没世不忘也。 【注释】 1)邦畿千里，惟民所止:引自〈诗经?商颂?玄鸟》。邦畿(ji)，都城及其周围的 ( 地区。止，有至、到、停止、居住、栖息等多种含义，随上下文而有所区别。在这句里是居住的意思。(2)缗蛮黄鸟，止于丘隅:引自〈诗经?小雅?绵蛮〉。缗蛮，即绵蛮，鸟叫声。隅，角落。止，栖息。(3)“穆穆”句:引自《诗经?大雅?文玉》。穆穆，仪 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 美好端庄的样子。於(wu)，叹词。缉，继续。熙，光明。止，语助词，无意义。(4)《诗》云:这几句诗引自《诗经?卫风?淇澳》。淇，指淇水，在今河南北部。澳(yu)水边。斐，文采。瑟兮(亻闲)(xian)兮，庄重而胸襟开阔的样子。赫兮喧兮，显耀盛大的样子。(讠宣)，《诗 )道:说、言的意思。(6)恂栗，恐惧，戒惧。(7)於戏～经》原文作“(讠爰)”，遗忘。(5 前王不忘:引自《诗经?周颂?烈文》。於戏(wuhu):叹词。前王:指周文王、周武王。(8)此以:因此。没世:去世。 【译文】 《诗经》说:“京城及其周围，都是老百姓向往的地方。”《诗经》又说:“‘绵蛮’叫着的黄鸟，栖息在山冈上。”孔子说:“连黄鸟都知道它该栖息在什么地方，难道人还可以不如一只鸟儿吗,”《诗经》说:“品德高尚的文王啊，为人光明磊落，做事始终庄重谨慎。”做国君的，要做到仁爱;做臣子的，要做到恭敬;做子女的，要做到孝顺;做父亲的，要做到慈爱;与他人交往，要做到讲信用。《诗经》说:“看那淇水弯弯的岸边，嫩绿的竹子郁郁葱葱。有一位文质彬彬的君子，研究学问如加工骨器，不断切磋;修炼自己如打磨美玉，反复琢磨。他庄重而开朗，仪表堂堂。这样的一个文质彬彬的君子，真是令人难忘啊～”这里所说的“如加工骨器，不断切磋”，是指做学问的态度;这里所说的“如打磨美玉，反复琢磨”，是指自我修炼的精神;说他“庄重而开朗”，是指他内心谨慎而有所戒惧;说他“仪表堂堂”，是指他非常威严;说“这样一个文质彬彬的君子，可真是令人难忘啊～”是指由于他品德非helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 常高尚，达到了最完善的境界，所以使人难以忘怀。《诗经》说:“啊啊，前代的君王真使人难忘啊～”这是因为君主贵族们能够以前代的君王为榜样，尊重贤人，亲近亲族，一般平民百姓也都蒙受恩泽，享受安乐，获得利益。所以，虽然前代君王已经去世，但人们还是永远不会忘记他们。 子曰:“听讼，吾犹人也，必也使无讼乎～”(1)无情者不得尽其辞(2)。大畏民志(3)。此谓知本。 【注释】 (1)“子曰”句:引自《论语?颜渊》。听讼，听诉讼，即审案子。犹人，与别人一样。 (2)无情者不得尽其辞:使隐瞒真实情况的人不能够花言巧语。 3)民志:民心，人心。 ( 【译文】 孔子说:“听诉讼审理案子，我也和别人一样，目的在于使诉讼不再发生。”使隐瞒真实情况的人不敢花言巧语，使人心畏服，这就叫做抓住了根本。 所谓致知在格物者，言欲致吾之知，在即物而穷其理也(2)。盖人心之灵莫不有知，而天下之物莫不有理，惟于理有未穷(5)，故其知有不尽也。是以《大学》始教，必始学者即凡天下之物，莫不因其已知之理而益穷之(4)，以求至乎其极。至于用力之久，而一旦豁然贯通焉，则众物之表里精粗无不到，而吾心之全体大用无不明矣。此谓物格，此谓知之至也。 【注释】 ?这一章的原文只有“此谓知本。此谓知之至也”两句。朱熹认为，”此谓知本”一句是上一章的衍文，”此谓知之至也”一句前面又缺了一段文字。所以，朱熹根据上下文关系补充了一段文字，这里所选的，就是朱熹补充的文字。?即，接近，接触。穷:穷究，彻底研究。?未穷，未穷尽，未彻底。?益，更加。 【译文】 说获得知识的途径在于认识、研究万事万物，是指要想获得知识，就必须接触事物而彻底研究它的原理。人的心灵都具有认识能力，而天下万事万物都总有一定的原理，只不过因为这些原理还没有被彻底认识，所以使知识显得很有局限。因此，《大学》一开始就教学习者接触天下万事万物，用自己已有的知识去进一步探究，以彻底认识万事万物的原理。经过helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 长期用功，总有一天会豁然贯通，到那时，万事万物的里外巨细都被认识得清清楚楚，而自己内心的一切认识能力都得到淋漓尽致的发挥，再也没有蔽塞。这就叫万事万物被认识、研究了，这就叫知识达到顶点了。 所谓诚其意者(1)，毋(2)自欺也。如恶恶臭(3)，如好好色(4)，此之谓自谦(5)。故君子必慎其独也(6)～ 小人闲居(7)为不善，无所不至，见君子而后厌然(8)，掩(9)其不善，而著(10)其善。人之视己，如见其肺肝然，则何益矣。此谓诚于中(11)，形于外。故君子必慎其独也。 曾子曰:“十目所视，十手所指，其严乎～”富润屋(12)，德润身(13)，心广体胖(14)。故君子必诚其意。 【注释】 ?(1)其意:使意念真诚。(2)毋:不要。(3)恶(wu)恶(e)臭(xiu):厌恶腐臭的气味。臭，气味，较现代单指臭(chou)味的含义宽泛。(4)好(hao)好(hao)色:喜爱美丽的女子。好(hao)色，美女。(5)谦(qian):通“谦”，心安理得的样子。(6)慎其独:在独自一人时也谨慎不苟。(7)闲居:即独处。(8)厌然:躲躲闪闪的样子。(9)掩:遮掩，掩盖。(10)著:显示。(11)中:指内心。下面的“外”指外表。(12)润屋:装饰房屋。(13)润身，修养自身。(14)心广体胖(pan):心胸宽广，身体舒泰安康，胖，大，舒但。 【译文】 使意念真诚的意思是说，不要自己欺骗自己。要像厌恶腐臭的气味一样，要像喜爱美丽的女人一样，一切都发自内心。所以，品德高尚的人哪怕是在一个人独处的时候，也一定要谨慎。 品德低下的人在私下里无恶不作，一见到品德高尚的人便躲躲闪闪，掩盖自己所做的坏事而自吹自擂。殊不知，别人看你自己，就像能看见你的心肺肝脏一样清楚，掩盖有什么用呢,这就叫做内心的真实一定会表现到外表上来。所以，品德高尚的人哪怕是在一个人独处的时候，也一定要谨慎。 曾子说:“十只眼睛看着，十只手指着，这难道不令人畏惧吗,～” 财富可以装饰房屋，品德却可以修养身心，使心胸宽广而身体舒泰安康。所以，品德高尚的人一定要使自己的意念真诚。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 所谓修身在正其心者，身有所忿懥(1)，则不得其正;有所恐惧，则不得其正;有所好乐，则不得其正;有所忧患，则不得其正。 心不在焉，视而不见，听而不闻，食而不知其味。此谓修身在正其心。 【注释】 ?身:程颐认为应为“心”。忿懥(zhl):愤怒。 【译文】 之所以说修养自身的品性要先端正自己的心思，是因为心有愤怒就不能够端正;心有恐惧就不能够端正;心有喜好就不能够端正;心有忧虑就不能够端正。 心思不端正就像心不在自己身上一样:虽然在看，但却像没有看见一样;虽然在听，但却像没有听见一样;虽然在吃东西，但却一点也不知道是什么滋味。所以说，要修养自身的品性必须要先端正自己的心思。 所谓齐其家在修其身者，人之其所亲爱而辟焉?，之其所贱恶而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜?而辟焉，之其所敖情?而辟焉。故好而知其恶，恶而知其美者，天下鲜矣～故谚有之曰:“人莫知其子之恶，莫知其苗之硕?。”此谓身不修不可以齐其家。 【注释】 ? 之:即“于”，对于。辟:偏颇，偏向。?哀矜:同情，怜悯。?敖，骄做。惰: 怠慢。?硕:大，肥壮。 ? 【译文】 之所以说管理好家庭和家族要先修养自身，是因为人们对于自己亲爱的人会有偏爱;对于自己厌恶的人会有偏恨;对于自己敬畏的人会有偏向;对于自己同情的人会有偏心;对于自己轻视的人会有偏见。因此，很少有人能喜爱某人又看到那人的缺点，厌恶某人又看到那人的优点。所以有谚语说:“人都不知道自己孩子的坏，人都不满足自己庄稼的好。”这就是不修养自身就不能管理好家庭和家族的道理。 所谓治国必先齐其家者，其家不可教而能教人者无之。故君子不出家而成helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 教于国:孝者，所以事君也;悌(1)者，所以事长也;慈(2)者，所以使众也。 《康诰》曰:“如保赤子。”(3)心诚求之，虽不中(4)，不远矣。未有学养于而后嫁者也～ 一家仁，一国兴仁;一家让，一国兴让;一人贪戾，一国作乱。其机(5)如此。此谓一言偾事，一人定国。 尧舜(7)帅(8)天下以仁，而民从之;桀纣(9)帅天下以暴，而民从之。其所令反其所好，而民不从。是故君子有诸(10)己而后求诸人，无诸己而后非诸人。所藏乎身不恕(11)，而能喻(12)诸人者，未之有也。故治国在齐其家。 《诗》云:“桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人。”(13)宜其家人，而后可以教国人。《诗》云:“宜兄宜弟”(14)宜兄宜弟，而后可以教国人。《诗》云:“其仪不忒，正是四国。”(15)其为父子兄弟足法，而后民法之也。此谓治国在齐其家。(传9) 【注释】 (1)悌(ti):指弟弟应该绝对服从哥哥。?慈:指父母爱子女。?如保赤子:《尚书?周书?康诰》原文作“若保赤子。”这是周成王告诫康叔的话，意思是保护平民百姓如母亲养护婴孩一样。赤子，婴孩。(4)中(zhong)，达到目标。?机:本指弩箭上的发动机关，引申指关键。?偾(fen):败，坏，。尧舜:传说中父系氏族社会后期部落联盟的两位领袖， )帅:同“率”，率领，统帅。?桀(jie):夏即尧帝和舜帝，历来被认为是圣君的代表。(8 代最后一位君主。纣:即殷纣王，商代最后一位君主。二人历来被认为是暴君的代表。(10)诸:”之于”的合音。(11)恕:即恕道。孔子说:“己所不欲，勿施于人。”意思是说，自己不想做的，也不要让别人去做，这种推己及人，将心比己的品德就是儒学所倡导的恕道。(12)喻:使别人明白。(13)”桃之夭夭„„”:引自《诗经?周南;桃夭》。夭夭(yao)，鲜嫩，美丽。蓁蓁(zhen)，茂盛的样子。之子，这个(之)女子(子)于归，指女子出嫁。(14)“宜兄宜弟”:引自《诗经?小雅?蓼萧》。(15)“其仪不忒„„:”引自《诗经?曹风?鸤鸠》。仪，仪表，仪容。忒(te)，差错。 【译文】 之所以说治理国家必须先管理好自己的家庭和家族，是因为不能管教好家人而能管教好别人的人，是没有的，所以，有修养的人在家里就受到了治理国家方面的教育:对父母的孝顺可以用于侍奉君主;对兄长的恭敬可以用于侍奉官长;对子女的慈爱可以用于统治民众。 《康浩》说:“如同爱护婴儿一样。”内心真诚地去追求，即使达不到目标，也不会相差太远。要知道，没有先学会了养孩子再去出嫁的人啊～ 一家仁爱，一国也会兴起仁爱;一家礼让，一国也会兴起礼让;一人贪婪暴戾，一国就会犯上作乱。其联系就是这样紧密，这就叫做:一句话就会坏事，一个人就能安定国家。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 尧舜用仁爱统治天下，老百姓就跟随着仁爱;桀纣用凶暴统治天下，老百姓就跟随着凶暴。统治者的命令与自己的实际做法相反，老百姓是不会服从的。所以，品德高尚的，总是自己先做到。然后才要求别人做到;自己先不这样做，然后才要求别人不这样做。不采取这种推己及人的恕道而想让别人按自己的意思去做，那是不可能的。所以，要治理国家必须先管理好自己的家庭和家族。 《诗经》说:“桃花鲜美，树叶茂密，这个姑娘出嫁了、让全家人都和睦。”让全家人都和睦，然后才能够让一国的人都和睦。《诗经》说:“兄弟和睦。”兄弟和睦了，然后才能够让一国的人都和睦。《诗经》说:“容貌举止庄重严肃，成为四方国家的表率。”只有当一个人无论是作为父亲、儿子，还是兄长、弟弟时都值得人效法时，老百姓才会去效法他。这就是要治理国家必须先管理好家庭和家族的道理。 所谓平天下在治其国者，上老老(1)而民兴孝;上长长(2)而民兴弟;上恤孤(3)而民不倍(4)。是以君子有絜矩之道也(5)。 所恶于上毋以使下;所恶于下毋以事上;所恶于前毋以先后;所恶于后毋以从前;所恶于右毋以交于左;所恶于左毋以交于右。此之谓絜矩之道。 《诗》云:“乐只君子，民之父母(6)。”民之所好好之;民之所恶恶之。此之谓民之父母。《诗》云:“节彼南山，维石岩岩。赫赫师尹，民具尔瞻。”(7)有国者不可以不慎。辟，则为天下僇矣(8)。《诗》云:“殷之未丧师，克配上帝。仪监于殷，峻命不易(9)。”道得众则得国，失众则失国。 是故君子先慎乎德。有德此(10)有人，有人此有土，有土此有财，有财此有用，德者，本也;财者，未也。外本内末，争民施夺(11)。是故财聚则民散，财散则民聚。是故言悖(12)而出者，亦悖而入。货悻而入者，亦悖而出。 《康诰》曰:“惟命不于常。”道善则得之，不善则失之矣。《楚书》曰:“楚国无以为宝，惟善以为宝(13)”舅犯曰，“亡人无以为宝，仁亲以为宝(14)。” 《秦誓》(15)曰:“若有一个臣，断断(16)兮，无他技，其心休休(17)焉，其如有容(18)焉。人之有技，若己有之。人之彦圣(19)，其心好之，不啻(20)若自其口出，实能容之。以能保我子孙黎民，尚亦有利哉～人之有技，媢疾(21)以恶之。人之彦圣，而违(22)之俾(23)不通，实不能容。以不能保我子孙黎民、亦日殆哉～”唯仁人放流之(24)，迸诸四夷(25)，不与同中国(26)。此渭唯仁人为能爱人，能恶人。见贤而不能举，举而不能先，命也(27)。见不善而不能退，退而不能远，过也。好人之所恶，恶人之所好，是谓拂(28)人之性，灾必逮夫身(29)。是故君子有大道:必忠信以得之，骄泰(30)以失之。 生财有大道:生之者众，食之者寡，为之者疾，用之者舒，则财恒足矣。仁者以财发身(31)，不仁者以身发财。未有上好仁而下不好义者也，未有好义其事不终者也，未有府库(32)财非其财者也。孟献子(33)曰:“畜马乘(34)helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 不察(35)于鸡豚，伐冰之家(36)不畜牛羊，百乘之家(37)不畜聚敛之臣(38)。与其有聚敛之臣，宁有盗臣。”此谓国不以利为利，以义为利也。长(39)国家而务财用者，必自小人矣。彼为善之，小人之使为国家，灾害并至。虽有善者，亦无如之何(40)矣～此谓国不以利为利，以义为利也。(传10) 【注释】 (1)老老:尊敬老人。前一个“老”字作动词，意思是把老人当作者人看待。(2)长长:尊重长辈。前一个“长”字作动词，意思是把长辈当作长辈看待。(3)恤:体恤，周济。孤，孤儿，古时候专指幼年丧失父亲的人。(4)倍:通“背”，背弃。?絜(xie)矩之道:儒家伦理思想之一，指一言一行要有示范作用。絜，量度。矩，画直角或方形用的尺子，引申为法度，规则。(6)乐只君子，民之父母，引自《诗经?小雅?南山有台》。乐(le)，快乐，喜悦。只，语助词，(7)“节彼南山„„”:引自《诗经?小雅?节南山》。节，高大。岩岩，险峻的样子。师尹，太师尹氏，太师是周代的三公之一。尔，你。瞻，瞻仰，仰望。(8)僇(lu):通“戮”，杀戮。(9)“殷之未丧师„„”:引自《诗经，大雅?文王》。师，民众。配，符合。仪，宜。监，鉴戒。，峻，大。不易，指不容易保有。(10)此:乃，才。(11)争民施夺:争民，与民争利。施夺，施行劫夺。(12)悖:逆。(13)“《楚书》”句:《楚书》，楚昭王时史书。楚昭王派王孙圉(yu)出使晋国。晋国赵简子问楚国珍宝美玉现在怎么样了。王孙圉答道:楚国从来没有把美玉当作珍宝，只是把善人如观射父(人名)这样的大臣看作珍宝。事见《国语?楚语》。汉代刘向的《新序》中也有类似的记载。(14)“舅犯”句:舅犯，晋文公重耳的舅舅狐偃，字子犯。亡人，流亡的人，指重耳。晋僖公四年十二月，晋献公因受骊姬的谗言，逼迫太子申生自缢而死。重耳避难逃亡在外在狄国时，晋献公逝世。秦穆公派人劝重耳归国掌政。重耳将此事告子犯，子犯以为不可，对重耳说了这几句话。事见《礼记?檀弓下》。(15)《秦誓》:《尚书?周书》中的一篇。(16)断断:真诚的样子。(17)休休:宽宏大量。(18)有容:能够容人。(19)彦圣:指德才兼备。彦，美。圣，明。(20)不啻(chi):不但。(21)媢(mao)疾:妒嫉。(22)违，阻抑。(23)俾:使。(24)放流:流放。(25)迸，即“屏”，驱逐。四夷，四方之夷。夷指古代东方的部族。(26)中国，全国中心地区。与现代意义的“中国”一同意义不一样。(27)命:东汉郑玄认为应该是“慢”字之误。慢即轻慢。(28)拂:逆，违背。(29)逮:及、到。夫(fu):助词。(30)骄泰:骄横放纵。(31)发身:修身。发，发达，发起，(32)府库:国家收藏财物的地方。(33)孟献子:鲁国大夫，姓仲孙名蔑。(34)畜，养。乘(Sheng):指用四匹马拉的车。畜马乘是士人初作大夫官的待遇。(35)察，关注。(36)伐冰之家:指丧祭时能用冰保存遗体的人家。是卿大夫类大官的待遇。(37)百乘之家，拥有一百辆车的人家，指有封地的诸侯王。(39)聚敛之臣:搜刮钱财的家臣。聚，聚集。敛，征收。?长(zbong)国家:成为国家之长，指君王。(40)无如之何:没有办法。 【译文】 之所队说平定天下要治理好自己的国家，是因为，在上位的人尊敬老人，老百姓就会孝顺自己的父母，在上位的人尊重长辈，老百姓就会尊重自己的兄长;在上位的人体恤救济孤儿，老百姓也会同样跟着去做。所以，品德高尚的人总是实行以身作则，推已及人的“絜矩之道”。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 如果厌恶上司对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待你的下属;如果厌恶下属对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待你的上司;如果厌恶在你前面的人对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待在你后面的人;如果厌恶在你后面的人对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待在你前面的人;如果厌恶在你右边的人对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待在你左边的人;如果厌恶在你左边的人对你的某种行为，就不要用这种行为去对待在你右边的人。这就叫做“絜矩之道”。 《诗经》说:“使人心悦诚服的国君啊，是老百姓的父母。”老百姓喜欢的他也喜欢，老百姓厌恶的他也厌恶，这样的国君就可以说是老百姓的父母了。《诗经》说:“巍峨的南山啊，岩石耸立。显赫的尹太师啊，百姓都仰望你。”统治国家的人不可不谨慎。稍有偏颇，就会被天下人推翻。《诗经》说:“殷朝没有丧失民心的时候，还是能够与上天的要求相符的。请用殷朝作个鉴戒吧，守住天命并不是一件容易的事。”这就是说，得到民心就能得到国家，失去民心就会失去国家。 所以，品德高尚的人首先注重修养德行。有德行才会有人拥护，有人拥护才能保有土地，有土地才会有财富，有财富才能供给使用，德是根本，财是枝末，假如把根本当成了外在的东西，却把枝末当成了内在的根本，那就会和老百姓争夺利益。所以，君王聚财敛货，民心就会失散;君王散财于民，民心就会聚在一起。这正如你说话不讲道理，人家也会用不讲道理的话来回答你;财货来路不明不白，总有一天也会不明不白地失去。 《康浩》说:“天命是不会始终如一的。”这就是说，行善便会得到天命，不行善便会失去天命。《楚书》说:“楚国没有什么是宝，只是把善当作宝。”舅犯说，“流亡在外的人没有什么是宝，只是把仁爱当作宝。” 《秦誓》说:“如果有这样一位大臣，忠诚老实，虽然没有什么特别的本领，但他心胸宽广，有容人的肚量，别人有本领，就如同他自己有一样;别人德才兼备，他心悦诚服，不只是在口头上表示，而是打心眼里赞赏。用这种人，是可以保护我的子孙和百姓的，是可以为他们造福的啊～相反，如果别人有本领，他就妒嫉、厌恶;别人德才兼备，他便想方设法压制，排挤，无论如何容忍不得。用这种人，不仅不能保护我的子孙和百姓，而且可以说是危险得很～”因此，有仁德的人会把这种容不得人的人流放，把他们驱逐到边远的四夷之地去，不让他们同住在国中。这 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 ，有德的人爱憎分明，发现贤才而不能选拔，选拔了而不能重用，这是轻慢:发现恶人而不能，了而不能把他驱逐得远远的，这是过错。喜欢众人所厌恶的，厌恶众人所喜欢的，这是违背人的本性，灾难必定要落到自己身上。所以，做国君的人有正确的途径:忠诚信义，便会获得一切;骄奢放纵，便会失去一切。 生产财富也有正确的途径;生产的人多，消费的人少;生产的人勤奋，消费的人节省。这样，财富便会经常充足。仁爱的人仗义疏财以修养自身的德行，不仁的人不惜以生命为代价去敛钱发财。没有在上位的人喜爱仁德，而在下位的人却不喜爱忠义的;没有喜爱忠义而做事却半途而废的;没有国库里的财物不是属于国君的。孟献子说:“养了四匹马拉车的士大夫之家，就不需再去养鸡养猪;祭祀用冰的卿大夫家，就不要再去养牛养羊;拥有一百辆兵车的诸侯之家，就不要去收养搜刮民财的家臣。与其有搜刮民财的家臣，不如有偷盗东西的家臣。”这意思是说，一个国家不应该以财货为利益，而应该以仁义为利益。做了国君却还一心想着聚敛财货，这必然是有小人在诱导，而那国君还以为这些小人是好人，让他们去处理国家大事，结果是天灾人祸一齐降临。这时虽有贤能的人，却也没有办法挽救了。所以，helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 一个国家不应该以财货为利益，而应该以仁义为利益。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to