金农书法作品赏析

金农书法作品赏析 【摘要】:金农为扬州八怪中最具个性的一位，其作品也是清代雍乾时期最具时代风格特征的艺术典型。就其书法作品而言充满着探索和创造精神，然因其书法品类多，风格变异大。其实金农自己各时段风格变化、各品类用笔区分都藏有“暗造机关”，只要破译他的密码，金农书法作品类别、风格特征是不难把握的。 【关键词】:金农 隶书 行草 写经体楷书 楷隶 漆书 下面我们就来谈谈金农五类书法作品的风格特征和形成其风格的由来。 一、隶书 金农的隶书早年是“墨守汉人绳墨”的，风格规整，笔划沉厚朴实，其笔划未送到而收锋，结构严密，多内敛之势，而少外拓之姿，具有朴素简洁风格。 二、行草 金农行草主要特征是从汉碑隶书化出，故笔势多见隶书意味，字字独立，很少见二、三字互联。横画常向右倾倒，并多用倒笔法。 三十五岁前金农曾学习integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 二王行书，这在当时是书家必修之课，然金农自觉写不好，终于放弃了。不过写诗文稿、写信又离不了行草书，于是只好从汉碑中去找出路，渐渐地化出自家的面貌。他行草的风格在其三十五岁初上扬州时已初露端倪。现存其三十九岁北游前的几件作品，这种“碑行”的风格已十分强烈。金农中年之后的行草愈显老辣、苍茫、古拙，而风格特征则未再有大变，由于其行草面貌外拙而内秀，独辟蹊径而不入俗格，故在其身后为碑派书家所重，并越来越显示出他这种“碑行”探索的历史价值。当然必须指出，金农自己的这种行草，从不作 对联 描写春节的对联名家对联书法欣赏书法名家对联作品概要幼儿园对联鼠年七字对联大全 、屏条和大幅作品，主要写诗稿、文稿、题跋、画款等等。这说明他当时的书法创作虽然很前卫，但仍有传统观念束缚，行草一体他自己终认为未登大雅之堂。但是他的实践对后来者来说，确是一次冲破藩篱的成功探索。 三、写经体楷书 这种写经体楷书最初的面貌是粗壮肥厚的，后世齐白石等人都曾专学他这种面貌。金农的这类书法亦非常特别，可以说是古代文人从未实践过的。若论其源实出于古代佛门抄经体。如果将十五世纪古吐鲁番写经本与金农写经楷书比较，则可清晰地把握其由来。不过说金农是向古代写经体楷书取法，还得找到根据。在金农的诗集中就曾多次提到他览赏古代写经抄本。约四十岁时，在北游中曾有一首诗“过北倚精舍，得宋高手写涅槃经残本，即题其后” 中云:圣僧手写心弗违，朱丝阑好界画微。法王力大书体肥，肯落人间家与饥。阅岁六百方我归，如石韫玉今吐辉。 这种六百年前的肥体抄经书法，在他看来是到了自己手上才重新吐出光辉。向来不为书家注意的抄经书法，在金农眼里却成了无上瑰宝。经过多年蕴育，约四十七岁前后，金农开始出现这种书体的作品。 金农四十七岁时辑有《冬心先生集》付梓，卷前有金农自题刘益仲高士所作金农像赞，这是金农较早的抄经体楷书。他一生写作甚勤，‘写经满百本，画佛亦千纸”，肥体抄integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 经至其六十岁以后仍有多件作品。晚岁易肥为瘦，取“瘦”之谐音为“寿”之意，艺兰斋收藏的《十六尊者》(乾隆二十四年己卯四月作)上的经文即为这类抄经体的典型作品，写法也有变化。应该指出，金农抄经体中，已有木板雕刻用刀之趣，与其另一类作品“楷隶类”有相互渗透之倾向，晚年尤为明显。艺兰斋收藏的金农《墨竹》上的题跋就是这种写经体楷书。晚年金农曾写有《扬州杂诗二十四首》，其中便有一首表达了他以按经体进行书法变革的思想，诗云:昙罐村荒非故庐,写经人邈思何如,五千文字今无恙，不要奴书与婢书。由古代不知名的写经手，他看到书法的生机，并引发出“不要奴书与婢书”的高亢呐喊，不能不说是金农埋藏已久的心声。所以他的写经体楷书，堪称历史上第一位涉足这一领域创作的书家。当然毫无疑问，这种写经体楷书，无论肥瘦，也无论笨拙与清秀，均带有浓重的佛门审美倾向。 四、楷隶 金农的这类作品顾名思义是说写得既象楷书又象隶书，然又无法和他所写的隶书合为一类。金农的楷隶作品出现在他五十岁之后，从风格上说，横竖笔画粗细划一，写得十分工整、且有木板雕刻之气。同一作品中重复的字如灯取影，不避形态雷同。常常多字一模一样，如同印刷 出来一般。再有一点必须说明。这类作品他决不用自己喜爱的“倒 ”撇法，也不表现金石气，而故意在表现雕版气。今日许多博物馆将这类楷隶误认为其漆书或隶书，而实际上金农在这类作品下笔之时，与自己所写隶书与漆书是区别的非常清楚的。 金农很早便关注到历史上楷隶参半的书迹。雍正甲辰(1724年)三十八岁决定北游前夕，九月望日，他自天宁寺移寓净业精舍的当晚，曾过柯享斋并留下一首诗，诗序云。“过柯享斋中，出观法书名画，因留小酌，乘月返净业精舍作得一首。”诗中金农把北齐石刻文字称为“法书”，在今人看来也许很平常，但在当时，法书的概念是很明integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 确的，即指二王一路如《大观帖》、《淳化阁帖》等法帖。毋庸置疑，北齐石刻那种楷隶参半的文字，不仅深深地打动他，而且在他以后的书法道路上产生过相当的影响。艺兰斋所藏《王尚书古欢录册》(八开)便是金农楷隶类书法作品的代表。工整、精微、新艳，大有雕版印刷之感，与他的隶书、行草、漆书中粗头乱服的作品形成鲜明的对比。试看末开中的三个“之”字一模一样，却又不显呆板，他的这种本领实在也是一种绝顶的聪明。这说明金农在以碑刻为师的同时也曾向民间抄书手借鉴用笔技巧，只不过这类作品，后人再无人向他学习罢了。金农的楷隶很有点今人所言的“美术字”，但又内含许多美术字所达不到的境界。或许是眼力所致，晚年，他的楷书加强了用笔意识，写意成分变多，不如壮年工整精微，但姿态却丰富起来。 五、漆书 这是金农最前卫的书法类别。这类作品五十岁之前尚未发现。五十岁以后逐渐从他的隶书作品中化出，到晚年达到高峰。金农的漆书实际 是他隶书的变体。它表现为横画以卧笔侧锋横扫，竖画以中锋直下写出，故横画粗而竖画细。向右方向的掠笔用“倒 ”撇法，向左之波挑则内收不发，结字多呈长方形。试看艺兰斋所藏《赠江鹤汀漆书诗幅》，便可看到上述用笔的特征。关于金农漆书传说很多，最普遍的一种 说法是说他以截毫笔所书，其实这是“外行看热闹”的无根据之言。试问截毫的笔如何能写出那样生动的钉头鼠尾的“倒 ” 撇法来呢,试一试就知道了。金农曾有诗描写自己写漆书说:“舒城长毫老不秃”，他自己说得很清楚是长毫而且不秃，又怎么会是剪过笔尖的毛笔呢,晚年金农在漆书作integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 品上题道:予年七十始作渴笔八分。汉魏人无此法，唐、宋、元、明亦无此法也。康熙间金陵郑谷口擅斯体，不可谓之渴笔八分，若一时学郑谷口者，更不可谓之渴笔八分也。金农此番表白的用意何在,他是向世人坦言，这是他金农前无古人的创造。金农的渴笔八分—一漆书，据笔者考证主要来源与他对古代飞白书的借鉴，与所谓《天发神谶碑》并没有什么关系。因金农一生从未写过篆书作品，其“千墨渴笔”加“笔如帚刷”的特征也与篆书无关。世人以为漆书横粗竖细，便有作伪者着意模仿，而实际上这类赝作最易识破，因作伪者往往死而无活气，而金农的漆书却充满着鲜活生动的神气。 通过以上金农五类作品的分析，我们能很清楚地看出金农在各个时期的不同风格。对于这五类作品，不能说完全没有互动影响，如写经体和楷隶，金农在题画时常常也有变异处，但一般作为书法作品，金农本人是分得很清的，后人之所以分不清，往往是因为只知其一，不知其二，于是张冠李戴，屡屡发生。至于作伪者往往不辨此理，露出马脚是必然的。更有甚者，故意以截毫之笔作伪，外形颇似，而将真作与伪作一对照，即可发现起笔、落笔处的墨迹迥异，这是收藏者必须注意的。 【参考文献】: (1)吴大红 《新美术》 2009 第6期 - 万方数据; (2)周延 《艺术百家》 2008 第z2期 - 万方数据; (3)黎传绪 《江西科技师范学院学报》 2003 第6期 - 维普资讯网。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,