成都电子机械高等专科毕业
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成都电子机械高等专科学校
毕 业 设 计 (论 文)
设计(论文)
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快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
目: 电梯的电气控制系统
系 部 名 称: 机电工程系 学 生 姓 名: 杨毅 专 业 机电一体化技术 班 级: 08412 学 号: 08 指 导 教 师: 郭成操
答辩组负责人:
填表时间: 2011 年 04 月
their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.
摘要
本文介绍一种电梯PLC控制系统。电梯是垂直方向的运输设备，是高层建筑中不可缺少的交通运输设备。它靠电力，拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动，在人们生活中起着举足轻重的作用。而控制电梯运行的PLC系统也要求越来越高，要求达到电梯运行的“稳、准、快”的运行目的。该系统主要由PLC、逻辑控制电路组成。其中包括交流异步电动机、继电器、接触器、行程开关、按钮、发光指示器组成为一体的控制系统。本机控制单元采用以三菱公司的可编程控制器PLC对机器进行全过程控制。
整个系统通过PLC、逻辑控制电路对电梯的升降;加、减速;平层;起动、制动控制。其结构简单、运行效率高、平层精度高、易于理解与掌握。
关键词:PLC、电梯、控制系统、程序设计
I
Abstract
This paper introduces a kind of elevator PLC control system. The elevator is vertical direction transportation equipment, is indispensable high-rise building the transportation equipment. It depend on electricity, drag a manned or content of the elevator car, the Wells in building within the tao do vertical lifting movement rails in people's life, plays a pivotal role. And the control of elevator operation of the PLC system also demand is higher and higher, the requirements of "elevator running stability, accurate, fast" operation purpose. This system mainly by PLC, logic control circuit component. Including ac asynchronous motor, relays, contactor, travel switch, button, luminous indicator composition for the integration of the control system. This machine control unit adopt mitsubishi programmable controller PLC control process of the machine. The whole system through PLC, logic control circuit of elevator fluctuation; Plus, deceleration; Smooth layer; Starting, braking control. Its simple structure, high efficiency, high precision and smooth layer is easy to understand and master.
Keywords: PLC, elevator, control system, program design
-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, IIolicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur
目录
摘要?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I
Abstract???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? II 目录?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? III
绪论???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1
第1章 电梯简介?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2
1.1 电梯的现状及定义????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2
1.2 电梯的发展趋势????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2
1.2.1 电梯品种的变化?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2
1.2.2 电梯的智能化?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2
1.2.3 绿色电梯?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3
1.3 电梯的分类????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3
1.3.1 按用途分类?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3
1.3.2 按速度分类?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 第2章 总体设计
方案
气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6
2.1 总体方案的确定????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6
2.2 电梯PLC控制系统的构建????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7
2.3 可行性论证????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9
2.3.1 乘坐舒适感???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10
2.3.2 电梯理想运行曲线???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10
2.4 设计的整体布局及其选型??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 11
电梯的电气控制系统???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 12 第3章
3.1 概述??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 12
3.2 电梯电气控制系统中的主要电器部件??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 12
3.3 电梯控制系统中的各主要控制环节及结构原理??????????????????????????????????????? 18
3.3.1 各类电梯安全可靠运行的充分与必要条件???????????????????????????????????? 18
3.3.2 交流双速拖动主回路???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19
3.3.3 自动开关门电动机回路与安全回路???????????????????????????????????????????????? 20
3.4 电梯的安全保护环节??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 22 第4章 程序设计方案???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
4.1 PLC电梯系统连接图???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
4.2 PLC i/o点的分配???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
4.3 电梯开关门运行回路??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 26
4.4 电梯的指层控制回路??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27
4.5 电梯的选层、定向回路??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 29
4.6 电梯选层换速回路??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 32
4.7 电梯的轿内指令与厅外召唤的登记和消号??????????????????????????????????????????????? 33
4.8 电梯的运行控制回路??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 37
4.10 电梯控制系统的调试运行????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 39 结论?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 40
致谢?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 41
参考文献?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 42 附录A I/O分配表???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 43
附录B 内部辅助继电器使用分配表??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 44
n principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, IVolicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
绪论
随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑不断增多，电梯在国民经济和生活中有着广泛的应用。电梯作为高层建筑中垂直运行的交通工具已与人们的日常生活密不可分。实际上电梯是根据外部呼叫信号以及自身控制规律等运行的，而呼叫是随机的，电梯实际上是一个人机交互式的控制系统，单纯用顺序控制或逻辑控制是不能满足控制要求的，因此，电梯控制系统采用随机逻辑方式控制。目前电梯的控制普遍采用了两种方式，一是采用微机作为信号控制单元，完成电梯信号的采集、运行状态和功能的设定，实现电梯的自动调度和集选运行功能，拖动控制则由变频器来完成;第二种控制方式用可编程控制器(PLC)取代微机实现信号集选控制。从控制方式和性能上来说，这两种方法并没有太大的区别。国内厂家大多选择第二种方式，其原因在于生产规模较小，自己设计和制造微机控制装置成本较高;而PLC可靠性高，程序设计方便灵活，抗干扰能力强、运行稳
定可靠等特点，所以现在的电梯控制系统广泛采用可编程控制器来实现。
电梯是将机械原理应用、电气技术、微处理器技术、系统工程学、人体工程学及空气动力学等多学科和技术集于一体的机电设备，它是建筑物中的永久性垂直交通工具。为满足和提高人们的生活质量，电梯的智能化、自动化技术迅速发展。特别是随着计算机网络技术、微电子和电力电子技术的飞速发展，现代电梯的技术含量日益提高。在改善电梯性能的同时，对电梯的设计、管理和维护人员提出了更高的要求。
第1页
第1章 电梯简介
1.1 电梯的现状及定义
随着现代化城市的高速发展，为建筑物提供上下交通运输的电梯工业也迅速发展起来。已经成为日常生活中不可缺少的必需品。广泛的应用于高层住宅、大型公共建筑、工厂仓库、医院等场所，节省了人力和时间，提高了工作效率。
震惊世界的“9.11”事件使得世界闻名的美国纽约世界贸易中心大楼毁于一旦。这幢宏伟的大厦高410m，共110层，是世界最高的建筑之一。在建筑物满员时，每天要输送5万人员上下班和8万来访和旅游的人员。如何每天高速有效地运送13万人，是一个关键的问题。该大厦配置了208台电梯和49台扶梯。其中，第44层和第78层是休息厅，乘客在该处中转。通过电梯的合理配置，乘客在5分钟内可以到达大厦的任何位置。
电梯——服务于规定楼层的固定式升降设备。它具有一个轿厢，用电力拖动运行于铅垂的或倾斜不大于15?的两列刚性导轨之间，运送乘客或货物。
自动扶梯——带有循环运行梯级，用于向上或向下倾斜输送乘客的固定电力驱动设备。
自动人行道——带有循环运行(板式或带式)走道，用于水平或倾斜角不大于12?输送乘客的固定电力驱动设备。
由此可见，自动扶梯和自动人行道是电梯家族的一个分支或近亲，但是不同于电梯。
1.2 电梯的发展趋势
1.2.1 电梯品种的变化
电梯的品种要随着建筑物需求二变化，电梯制造商提供电梯的品种越多，起市场占有量也一定月大。随着高层建筑的增多，就需要高速、大容量的电梯。目前，开发多层及小高层大楼配置的廉价、实用可靠的经济住宅电梯是一个必然趋势。城市老年龄化的加剧，亦成为今后几年电梯行业的一个热门话题。 1.2.2 电梯的智能化
ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 2olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
计算机、通信技术的发展，使大楼的信息得以快速传递，从而课实现大厦智能化。智能化大厦的垂直交通工具——电梯。智能化的电梯首先要与智能化大厦的所有自动化系统联网，如消防、保安、楼宇设备控制系统相互联系。现场总线技术已经应用于电梯控制系统与大楼的BAS(建筑物自动化系统)、FAS(消防自动化系统)、SAS(保安自动化系统)中。
1.2.3 绿色电梯
日益严重的环境污染问题已迫使人们改变传统的思想观念，绿色产品、绿色技术、绿色产业、绿色企业等“绿色”新概念将成为21世纪的主流色调。绿色电梯的研究重点主要在电梯的制造、配置以及安装使用过程中的节能和减少环境污染等方面。
1.3 电梯的分类
1.3.1 按用途分类
1)乘客电梯:为运送乘客设计的电梯，要求有完善的安全设施以及一定的轿内装饰。
2)载货电梯:主要为运送货物而设计, 通常有人伴随的电梯。
3)医用电梯:为运送病床、担架、医用车而设计的电梯，轿厢具有长而窄的特点。
4)杂物电梯:供图书馆、办公楼、饭店运送图书、文件、食品等设计的电梯。
5)观光电梯:轿厢壁透明，供乘客观光用的电梯。
6)车辆电梯:用作装运车辆的电梯。
7)特种电梯:为特殊环境、特殊条件、特殊要求二设计的电梯。如船舶电梯、汽车电梯、防爆电梯、防腐电梯等。
1.3.2 按速度分类
电梯无严格的速度分类，我国习惯上按下述方法分类:
1)低速梯，常指低于1.00m/s速度的电梯。
第3页
2)中速梯，常指速度在1.00,2.00m/s的电梯。
3)高速梯，常指速度大于2.00m/s的电梯。
4)超高速，速度超过5.00m/s的电梯。
随着电梯技术的不断发展，电梯速度越来越高，区别高、中、低速电梯的速度限值也在相应地提高。
1.3.3 按驱动方式分类
1)交流电梯，用交流感应电动机作为驱动力的电梯。根据拖动方式又可分为交流单速、交流双速、交流调压调速、交流变压变频调速等。
2)直流电梯，用直流电动机作为驱动力的电梯。这类电梯的额定速度一般在2.00m/s以上。
3)液压电梯,一般利用电动泵驱动液体流动，由柱塞使轿厢升降的电梯。
4)齿轮齿条电梯, 将导轨加工成齿条，轿厢装上与齿条啮合的齿轮，电动机带动齿轮旋转使轿厢升降的电梯。
1.3.5 按控制方式分类
1)手柄开关操纵，电梯司机在轿厢内控制操纵盘手柄开关，实现电梯的起动、上升、下降、平层、停止的运行状态。
2)按钮控制电梯:是一种简单的自动控制电梯，具有自动平层功能，常见有轿外按钮控制、轿内按钮控制两种控制方式。
3)信号控制电梯，这是一种自动控制程度较高的有司机电梯。除具有自动平层，自动开门功能外，尚具有轿厢命令登记，层站召唤登记，自动停层，顺向截停和自动换向等功能。
4)集选控制电梯，是一种在信号控制基础上发展起来的全自动控制的电梯，与信号控制的主要区别在于能实现无司机操纵。
5)并联控制电梯，2,3台电梯的控制线路并联起来进行逻辑控制，共用层站外召唤按钮，电梯本身都具有集选功能。
6)群控电梯，是用微机控制和统一调度多台集中并列的电梯。群控有梯群的程序控制、梯群智能控制等形式。
the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 4olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
1.3.6 按拖动形式分类
1)交流异步单速电动机拖动的电梯
2)交流异步双速电动机变极调速拖动的电梯
3)交流异步双绕组双速电动机调压调速(AVCC)拖动的电梯 4)交流异步单速电动机调频调压调速(VVVF)拖动的电梯 5)直流电动机调压调速(DCVV)拖动的电梯
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第2章 总体设计方案
载PLC系统设计时，首先应确定控制方案，下一步工作就是PLC工程设计选型。工艺流程的特点和应用要求是设计选型的主要依据。PLC及有关设备应是集成的、
标准
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的，按照易于与工业控制系统形成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的原则选型所选用PLC应是在相关工业领域有投运业绩、成熟可靠的系统，PLC的系统硬件、软件配置及功能应与装置规模和控制要求相适应。熟悉可编程序控制器、功能表图及有关的编程语言有利于缩短编程时间，因此，工程设计选型和估算时，应详细分析工艺过程的特点、控制要求，明确控制任务和范围确定所需的操作和动作，然后根据控制要求，估算输入输出点数、所需存储器容量、确定PLC的功能、外部设备特性等，最后选择有较高性能价格比的PLC和设计相应的控制系统。 2.1 总体方案的确定
目前，电梯行业在我国迅速的发展，在一定程度上占有很大的市场。而在今天选择控制电梯运动的设备已经从传统的继电器—接触器转变成可编程序控制器(PLC)。
可编程序控制器(PLC)与其他计算机控制相比较:
个人计算机有很强的数据处理功能和图形显示功能，有丰富的软件支持，但是它们是为办公室自动化和家庭设计的，对环境要求很高，抗干扰能力不强，一般不适合在工业现场使用。
单片机只是一片集成电路，不能直接将它与外部I/O信号相连。要将它用于工业控制，还要附加一些配套的集成电路和I/O接口电路，硬件设计、制作和程序设计的工作量相当大，要求设计者具有很强的计算机领域的理论知识和实践经验。
工业控制计算机(简称工控机)也是为工业控制设计的，目前比较流行的是PC总线工控机，它与个人计算机兼容。工控机采用总线式结构，各厂家产品的兼容性强。工控机一般是在通用微机的基础上发展起来的，有实时操作系统的支持，因此在要求快速、实时性强、功能复杂的领域占有优势。工控机的价格较高，将它有与开关量控制以取代继电器系统有些大材小用。工控机的外部I/O接线一般都用多芯扁平电缆和插头、插座，直接从印刷电路板上引出，不如可编程序控制器的接线端子那样方便可靠。
ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 6olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
以上各种计算机用语控制的程序一般都是用汇编语言编写的，不像可编程续控制器的梯形图语言那样易于被工厂的电气人员掌握。
可编程序控制器是专为工厂现场应用环境设计的，结构上采取整体密封或插件组合型，对印刷电路板、电源、机架、插座的制造和安装，均采用了严密的措施。可编程序控制器由于具有前述的各种优点，在工业控制领域具有不可比拟的竞争力。
当然在电梯的控制领域也具有重要的地位，把可编程序控制器用于电梯运动的核心部分是很合理的选择，而且可编程序控制器现在在市场上也是一种成熟的产品。总之，经上述比较可得，我确定选用PLC控制电梯的运行。 2.2 电梯PLC控制系统的构建
1)机房
机房用来安装曳引机、电控屏、限速器等。机房可以设置在井道顶部，也可设置在井由自部。当机房设于井道底部时，即为曳引机下置式曳引方式。这种方式结构复杂，建筑物承重大，对井道尺寸要求大，只有在机房无法顶置时才使用。对于绝大多数电梯，椭均设于井道顶部。机房必须有足够的面积，高度、承重能力及良好的通风条件。
2)曳引系统
曳引系统主要由曳引机、曳引钢丝绳、导向轮组成。曳引机由电动机联轴器、制动器、减速器、机座、曳引轮等组成，它是电梯的动力源;曳引钢丝绳的两端分别连接轿厢和对重装置(或者两端固定在机座房上)，依靠钢丝绳与曳引轮绳槽之间的摩擦力来驱动轿厢的升降;导向轮的作用是分开轿厢和对重装置的距离，采用复绕型时还可增加曳引能力。导向轮安装在曳引机架上或重梁上。当钢丝绳的绕绳比大于1时，在轿厢和对重架上应增设反绳轮。反绳轮的个数可以是1个、2个，甚至3个，这与曳引比有关。
3)导向系统
导向系统由导轨、导靴和导轨架等组成。它的作用是限制轿厢和对重只能沿着导轨作升降运动。导轨固定在导轨架上;导轨架是支承导轨的组件，与井道壁联接;导靴装在轿厢和对重架上，与导导轨配合，强制轿厢和对重的运动服从于
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导轨的直立方向。
4)门系统
门系统由轿厢门、层门、开门机、联动机构、门锁等组成。轿厢门社在轿厢入口，由门扇、门导轨架、门靴和门刀等组成;层门社在层站入口，由门扇、门导轨架、门靴和门锁装置及开锁装置组成;开门机社在轿厢上，是轿厢门和层门启闭的动力源。
5)轿厢
轿厢是用以运送乘客和货物的电梯组件。它由轿厢架和轿厢体组成。轿厢架是轿厢体的承重构架。是由上横梁、立柱、底梁和斜拉杆等组成;轿厢体由轿厢底、轿厢壁、轿厢顶及照明、通风装置、轿厢装饰件和轿内操纵按钮等组成;轿厢体空间的大小由额定载重量和额定载客量决定。
6)门厅
每一层电梯门口装的门，门上带有机器锁及电气接点。客梯多为自动开关门，开关门由轿厢门上的开门刀带动厅门上的橡皮勒辘来完成的，而轿厢门是由轿厢上的开关门装置驱动的。
7)井道
井道由围壁、顶板及底坑围成一个在纳电梯轿厢和对重的有限空间。为了出人，在每个层站开有入口。
8)围壁
围壁的作用是将电梯与外界分隔开，当导轨架直接安装在围壁上时，它还应承受费切力。围壁的结构分为封闭式和空格式。
9)顶板
井道的顶部是机房，它是维修人员工作的地方。因此顶板必须是封闭型的，将井道与机房完全隔离。顶板还具有阻止机房即传向井道的作用。对于快、高速电梯，为了取得良好的隔声效果，常在井道顶部设隔音层，此时的井道顶成了双层结构。
10)底坑
owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 8olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fi
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
井道的底坑深入地面，用于安装缓冲器、限速器、钢丝绳涨紧装置等。由于深人了地面，因此要求防水，最好有排水设施。
11)重量平衡系统
该系统由对重和重量补偿装置组成。对重由对重架和对重块组成，对重将平衡轿厢自重和部分的额定载重;重量补偿装置是补偿高层电梯中轿厢与对重侧曳引钢丝绳长度变化对电梯设计影响的装置。
12)电力拖动系统
该系统由曳引机、供电系统、速度反馈装置、调速装置和变频器等组成。对电梯实行速度控制。曳引电动机是电梯的动力源，根据电梯的配置可用交流电动机或直流电动机;供电系统是为电动机提供电源的装置;速度反馈装置是为调速系统提供电梯运行速度信号，一般采用测速发电机或速度脉冲发生器，与电动机相连;调速装置对曳引电动机实行调速控制;变频器可以通过改变频率的大小来控制其运行速度的快慢。
13)电气控制系统
该系统由操纵装置、位置显示装置、控制屏、平层装置、选层器等组成，它起着操纵和控制电梯运行的作用。操纵装置包括轿厢内的按钮操作箱或手柄开关箱、层站召唤按钮、轿顶和机房中的检修或应急;位置显示装置是指轿内和层站的指层灯;层站上一般能显示电梯运行方向或轿厢所在的层站;控制屏安装在机房中，由各类电气控制元件(或板)组成，是电梯实行电气控制的集中组件;选层器能起到指示和反馈轿厢位置、决定运行方向、发出加减速信号等作用。它可由机械式、继电器式或电子式组成。本毕业设计也是以电气控制系统作为主体部分。
14)安全保护系统
电梯上设有机械和电气的各类保护系统，以保证电梯安全使用。机械方面的有限速器和安全钳，起超速保护作用;缓冲器，起冲顶和撞底保护作用;切断总电源的极限保护。
2.3 可行性论证
可编程序控制器是由继电器逻辑控制而来的，所以它在开关量处理、顺序控
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制方面具有一定的优势，发展初期主要侧重于开关量顺序控制。随着计算机技术的发展，可编程序控制器增加了数值运算、PID闭环调节功能，并开始与个人计算机或小型计算机联网，它本身也可以构成网络系统。
可编程序控制器的应用领域，在发达的工业国家，可编程序控制器已经广泛地应用在所有的工业部门，随着可编程序控制器的性能价格比的不断提高，过去许多使用专用计算机的场合也可以使用可编程序控制器。比如用在开关量的控制，这是可编程序控制器最基本最广泛的应用，它的输入和输出信号都是只有通、断状态的开关量信号，这种控制与继电器控制最为接近，可以用价格较低，仅有开关量控制的功能的可编程序控制器作为继电器控制系统的替代物。开关量逻辑控制可以用于单台设备，也可以用于自动线生产线，如机床控制、冲压、铸造机械、运输带、包装机械的控制，同样也可以用于电梯的控制。
通过上述的简述，我希望在控制系统中能够达到如下要求: 2.3.1 乘坐舒适感
根据人们生活中的经验证明，在运动速度不变的情况下，速度值的大小对人们的器官基本上没有什么影响，这只是指人们沿地面或空中的沿与地面平行的任意方向运动的情况而言的。高速的升降运动就和上述运动有所不同。这是由于在升降运动中，人体周围气压的迅速变化，对人们的器官产生影响。例如耳膜会感到压力而嗡嗡响等等。只要采取一定措施，这些影响是可以消除的。所以目前电梯的运行速度虽已高达10m/s。仍能使乘客无大的不适感。
2.3.2 电梯理想运行曲线
2根据大量的研究和实验表明，人可接受的最大加速度为a?1.5m/s，加速度m
变化率ρm?3m/s3,电梯的理想运行曲线按加速度可划分为三角形、梯形和正弦波形，由于正弦波形加速度曲线实现较为困难，而三角形曲线最大加速度和在启动及制动段的转折点处的加速度变化率均大于梯形曲线，即 ρm跳变到-ρm或由-ρm跳变到 ρm的加速度变化率，故很少采用，因梯形曲线容易实现并且有良好加速度变化率频繁指标，故被广泛采用。
变频器构成的电梯系统，当变频器接收到控制器发出的呼梯方向信号，变频器依据设定的速度及加速度值，启动电动机，达到最大速度后，匀速运行，在到达目的层的减速点时，控制器发出切断高速度信号，变频器以设定的减速度将最
rmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 10olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accord
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
大速度减至爬行速度，在减速运行过程中，变频器的能够自动计算出减速点到平层点之间的距离，并计算出优化曲线，从而能够按优化曲线运行，使低速爬行时间缩短至0.3s,在电梯的平层过程中变频器通过调整平层速度或制动斜坡来调整平层精度。即当电梯停得太早时，变频器增大低速度值或减少制动斜坡值，反之则减少低速度值或增大制动斜坡值，在电梯到距平层位置4—10cm时，有平层开关自动断开低速信号，系统按优化曲线实现高精度的平层，从而达到平层的准确可靠。(其速度曲线如下所示)
抛物线—直线综合速度曲线
抛物线—直线综合速度曲线的加速时间的起始阶段(ta/n)和最末段(ta/n)均为抛物线形速度曲线，而中间段(n-2)ta/n为直线形的速度曲线;n为起动时间系数。 2.4 设计的整体布局及其选型
通过上述的分析可知，我所选择的电梯载重量为1000kg,速度为1m/s,七层七站。PLC的型号为FX-80MR，通过其继电器电路图来设计出梯形图，通过PLC的选2N
型连接其PLC接线图。电动机选用交流三相异步电动机，它具有结构简单、维护和操作简便、价格便宜、坚固耐用、工作可靠等优点;其缺点是调速性差、概率因数低。
第11页
第3章 电梯的电气控制系统
3.1 概述
电气控制系统是电梯的两大系统之一。电气控制系统由控制柜、操纵箱、指层灯箱、召唤箱、限位装置、换速平层装置、轿顶检修箱等十几个部件，以及曳引电动机、制动器线圈、开关门电动机及开关门调速开关、极限开关等几十个分散安装在电梯井道内外和各相关电梯部件中的电器元件构成。
载重量和额定运行速度确定后，机械系统各零部件就基本确定了，而电气控制系统则有比较大的选择范围，必须根据电梯安装使用地点，乘载对象进行认真选择，才能最大限度地发挥电梯的使用效益。
电气控制系统决定着电梯的性能、自动化程度和运行可靠性。随着科学和、技术的发展和技术引进工作的进一步开展，电气控制系
统发展换代迅速。在国产电梯中，在中间逻辑控制方面，
已淘汰继电器控制，采用PLC和微机控制。在拖动方面，
除速度V?0.63m/s的底速电梯仍有部分产品采用交流
双电动机变极调速外，对于速度V?1.0m/s的各类电梯，
均采用交流调压调速和交流调频调速拖动系统。
新电气控制系统和拖动系统的出现，不但改善了电
梯的性能，而且提高了电梯的运行可靠性能，使我国的
电梯工业提高到一个新的水平，基本实现乘用安全、可
靠、舒适的愿望。
3.2 电梯电气控制系统中的主要电器部件
电气控制系统主要由操纵箱、指层器、召唤盒、平
层装置、检修开关、层楼
检测
工程第三方检测合同工程防雷检测合同植筋拉拔检测方案传感器技术课后答案检测机构通用要求培训
器、安全保护器件、曳引
电动机、电磁制动器及开关门电器组成。它们分布在电
梯的控制机房、井道和轿厢当中。
1)操纵箱
操纵箱安装在电梯轿厢内靠门的轿壁上，外面仅露
出操纵箱盘面 ，盘面上装有根据本电梯需要而设置的运
of cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 12olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, i
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
行功能按钮和开关，如图4-1所示。现仅将普通客梯操纵盘上应具有的按钮和开关进行简要介绍。
?运行方式开关 包括选择正常运行与检修运行的开关，选择有司机与无司机操纵方式的开关，用于紧急情况下控制电梯运行与停止的开关(也称急停开关，为防止非电梯司机的随意操作，一般安装在操纵箱下面的暗盒内)。
?指令按钮 操纵盘上装有与电梯停站层数相对应的指令按钮，按钮内装有指示灯。当按下欲去楼层的按钮后，该指令被登记，相应的指示灯亮;当电梯到达预选的层楼时，相应的指令被消除，指示灯也就熄灭;未到达的预选楼层，指令按钮内的指示灯仍然亮，直到指令响应之后方熄灭。
?方向按钮 也称方向启动按钮，电梯在有司机状态下，该按钮的作用是确定运行方向及启动运行。当司机按下欲去楼层的指令按钮后，再按下所要去的方向(向上或向下)按钮，电梯轿厢就会关门并启动驶向欲去的楼层。在检修状态下按下方向按钮时，可实现检修慢速上下运行。
?开关门按钮 其作用是控制电梯轿门的开闭(厅门随之开闭)。
?检修运行开关 也称慢速运行开关，是供电梯检修运行时使用。
?警铃按钮 当电梯在运行中突然发生故障停车，电梯司机或乘客被锁在电梯时可以按下该按钮，通知维修人员及时援救轿厢内的电梯司机及乘客。
?直驶按钮(或开关) 在有司机状态下，按下这个按钮，电梯只安装轿内指令停层，而不响应外召唤信号。当满载时，通过轿厢超载装置，可自动地将电梯转入直驶状态，它也只响应轿厢内指令信号。
?风扇开关 控制轿厢通风设备的开关。
?召唤蜂鸣器 电梯在有司机状态下，当有人按下厅外召唤按钮，操纵盘上的蜂鸣器发出声音，提醒司机及时关门应答。
?召唤楼层和召唤方向指示灯 在指令按钮旁边或在操纵盘上方，装有召唤楼层和召唤方向指示灯。当有人按下厅外召唤按钮，控制系统使响应召唤楼层和召唤方向指示灯亮，提示轿内司机。当电梯轿厢应答到位时，指示灯熄灭。
?照明开关 用于控制轿厢内照明设施。其电源不受电梯电源控制，一般应具有应急功能，当电梯故障或检修停电时，轿厢内仍有正常照明。
2)指层器(层楼指示器)
第13页
电梯层楼指示器用于指示电梯目前所在的位置及运行方向。通常，电梯层楼指示器有电梯上下运行方向指示灯、层楼位置指示灯
以及到站钟等，如图4-2所示。
?层楼指示器的种类有信号灯和数码管两种，这里
只介绍数码管。
数码管层楼指示器，一般在微机与PLC控制的电梯
上使用，层楼指示器上有译码器和驱动电路，显示轿厢
位置。数码管的外形显示及原理示意如图4-3所示。若
电梯运行楼层超过9层时，则每层指示用的数码管需要
两个，可显示-9,99不同的层楼数。上、下方向指示一
般为上、下行三角形法官二极管指示。有时为提醒乘客
和厅外候梯人员电梯已到本层，电梯配有喇叭，以声响
来传达信息。
?层楼信息获取方法 获得指层信息的常规方法，
即层楼检验方法。
通过装在井道中的感应器获得 感应器有磁感应
和光感应等，其原理是电梯运行
时，安装在轿厢上的隔磁(光)板插入某层的感应器时，感
应器触点动作，发出一个开关信号，指示相应的楼层。其特
点是电梯运行在两层楼之间时，没有指层信号。若想改成连
续信号，可采用通过继电器辅助电路等办法来解决。
3)召唤盒
召唤盒是给厅外乘用人员提供召唤电梯的装置。在下端
站只装一个上行召唤按钮，上端只装一个下行召唤按钮，其
余的层站根据电梯功能，有的装上行召唤和下行召唤两个按
钮，也有的仅装一个下行召唤按钮，各按钮内均装有指示灯。
当按向上或向下按钮时，控制系统就会将该信号记忆，相应
的指示灯立即亮。当电梯到达某一层站响应了该层召唤后，
指示灯就熄灭。
rmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 14olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accord
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
另外，在基站(一般为下端站)的召唤按钮盒内，通常设有一个钥匙开关，是用来所电梯的开关。
4)检修快关盒
通常在电梯机房控制柜、轿厢内与轿厢顶，设有电梯检修开关盒，盒内一般有检修开关、急停按钮、开关门按钮以及慢上、慢下按钮。轿顶检修快关盒还装有电源插座、照明灯及其开关等。
5)平层装置
为保证电梯轿厢在各层停靠时准确
平层，通常在轿顶设置有平层装置。
?种类与结构 平层装置的种类与
结构如下:
隔磁板与干黄管感应器平层装置，如
图4-4所示。轿厢顶部装有两个或三个感
应器，隔磁板装在轿厢导轨架上。隔磁板
由铁板按规定尺寸和形状制成。感应器是
由U形永磁钢、干簧管、盒体组成。如图
4-5所示。其工作原理是:由U形永磁钢
产生磁场对干簧管感应器产生作用;使干
簧管内的触点动作，即常开触点闭合，常闭触点断开。当隔磁板插入U形永磁钢与干簧管中间空隙时，永磁钢磁路被隔磁板短路，使干簧管矢
磁。其触点恢复原来的
状态，即常开触点断
开，常闭触点闭合。当
永磁板离开感应器后，
磁场又重新形成，干簧
管内的触点又动作，达
到控制继电器发出指
令的目的。
第15页
?平层装置动作原理 以隔磁板与干簧管感应器平层装置为例，其动作原理简述如下。
只具有平层功能的平层器 当电梯轿厢上行，接近预选的层站时，电梯运行速度由快速(额定速度)变为慢速后继续运行，装在轿厢顶上的下平层感应器先进入隔磁板，此时，电梯仍继续慢速上行;当上平层感应器进入隔磁板后，这时上下层感应器内干簧管触点位置转换，上、下平层感应器的触点均断开，证明电梯已平层，使上行接触器线圈矢电，制动器抱闸停车。
具有提前开门功能的平层器 它与只具有平层功能的平层器相比，多了一个提前开门功能。当轿厢慢速向上运行，下平层感应器首先进入隔磁板，轿厢继续慢速向上运行，接着，开门区感应器进入隔磁板，使干簧管触点位置转换，提前使开门继电器吸合，轿门、厅门提前打开;这时轿厢仍然继续慢行，当隔磁板也插入上平层感应器，使其干簧管触点位置转换，上行接触器线圈矢电释放，轿厢停在预选层站。
具有自动在平层功能的平层器 当电梯轿厢上行，接近预选的层站时，电梯由快速变成慢速运行，当下平层感应器进入隔磁板后，使本已慢速运行的电梯进一步减速;当中间开门区感应器进入隔磁板时，电路就准备延时断电;当上平层感应器进入隔磁板时，电梯停止，此时，已完全平好层。若电梯因某种原因超过平层位置时，上平层感应器离开了隔磁板将使相应的继电器动作，电梯反向平层，最后获得较好的平层精度。
6)选层器
选层器模拟电梯轿厢运行状态，及时向控制系统发出所需要的信号。其主要功能是:根据登记的内指令与外召唤信号和轿厢的位置关系，确定运行方向;当电梯到达所需停站的楼层时，给拽引电动机减速信号，使其转换速度;当平层停车后，消失已应答的指令信号并指示轿厢位置。
选层器种类较多，通常分为三大类，即机械选层器，继电器选层器和微机选层器。其中机械选层器与继电器选层器将随着继电器控制电梯的逐步淘汰而被淘汰，这里不做介绍。
微机选层器:它由专门的选层信息传送装置与接受装置组成，并经微机处理与运算来完成选层任务。目前微机选层器有以下几种。
-try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 16olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
a.格雷码编码选层器 轿厢所在的位置信号，由轿厢导轨架上的圆形永磁铁吸合轿厢顶上的双稳态磁性开关，用格雷码编码来表示。格雷码是一种特殊形式的编码名称。格雷码编码微机选层器主要由格雷码二进制转换电路、轿厢位置信息电路、扫描器、步进逻辑电路、并行装入逻辑电路、选层器的输出电路组成。
当轿厢停止时，直接提供当时轿厢位置。在轿厢运行时，提供即将要到达的楼层位置。因微机采用二进制处理数据，所以由井道传来的格雷码编码信息，必须先经格雷码二进制转换电路转换成微机应用的二进制编码后才可执行。
扫描器为一个步进式开关装置。在微机每执行一个程序循环中，扫描器对所有层站的上召唤和下召唤以及轿厢内选层信号各扫描一次。例如，先由首层逐层向上扫到最高层，而后在由最高层逐层向下扫描，确定已登记的呼梯信号和轿厢位置，并形成一组脉冲，当电梯处于某一位置时，由选层器给出一个相应信号，同时，扫描器不断扫描，发出扫描信号，两种信号在比较器中进行比较，其结果由微机发出最终信号。
在电梯处于停止状态，只要电路一开始工作，必须把电梯的现在位置告诉微机系统，电梯一旦运行起来，该电路就停止工作。完成这个任务的电路叫并行装入逻辑电路。
电梯在运行时，选层器应步进到它的前一层楼。如果电梯向上行，则步进为加1方式;反之，电梯下行时，步进为减1方式。因为轿厢每次停层，用并行装入逻辑电路装入当时轿厢位置信号，轿厢开始运行，就应按选定方向步进。实现这个过程的电路称为步进逻辑电路。
选层器输出信号直接送到微机中，由微机对电梯进行选层的控制。
b.光电码盘微机选层器 在拽引电动机的轴端上安装一个与拽引电动机一起转动的光电码盘。光电码盘在同一圆周上，有着许多均匀分布的小孔。圆盘的一侧是发光器，另一侧为光接收器。当拽引电动机旋转时，光电码盘也跟着旋转，这时发光器发光;每当圆盘上的小孔经过发光器时光线穿过，使接收器收到光脉冲信号，并将它转变为电脉冲信号输入微机;微机根据该脉冲数及对应时间，可以计算出电梯运行距离和速度。当有了脉冲计数和层楼数据后，配合登记的召唤信号、指令信号，微机就可对电梯进行选向、选层、指层、消号、减速等控制。
有些电梯采用一种脉冲编码器装置来测距，当拽引电机旋转时，脉冲编码器
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随之旋转，输出脉冲数正比于电梯的运行距离。
出了光电码盘方式外，也有采用测速电机与微机组合的微机选层器。光电码盘方式脉冲计数较准确，低速运转时不会丢失脉冲，而测速电机方式在低速运转时，输出幅值较低，脉冲会丢失。
虽然微机选层器先进、可靠，但在电梯运行中若发生拽引绳打滑或其他原因，也会引起误差。所以，通常在井道中顶层和基站设置校正装置(高层电梯在 中间层也设有校正装置)。
例如在电梯到达基站矫正点时，将脉冲计数值清零，或是置一固定数值。另外，一般在轿顶上还设有平层感应器，以保证电梯的平层准确度。电梯平层时，可将计数器置该层脉冲数，以免多层运行时误差积累。
7)电气控制柜
电梯电路中的绝大部分的电器、电子元器件集中装在电气控制柜中，其主要作用时完成对电梯电力拖动系统的控制，从而，实现对电梯功能的控制。
电气控制柜通常安装在电梯的机房里，控制柜的数量因电梯型号而定。一部分电梯有的用一个电气控制柜，有的用两个或三个带你骑控制柜。
另外，在轿厢顶上还有门电动机及其调速装置。其他电路配线专用的电气装置和接线板，这些元器件和电路，通常装在规定的接线盒内。
3.3 电梯控制系统中的各主要控制环节及结构原理 3.3.1 各类电梯安全可靠运行的充分与必要条件
电梯安全可靠运行的充分与必要条件有:
1)必须把电梯的轿厢门和各个层楼的电梯层门全部关闭好——这是电梯安全运行的关键，是保障乘客和司机等人员的人身安全的最重要保证之一。
2)必须要有确定的电梯运行方向(上行或下行)——这是电梯的最基本的任务，即把乘客(或货物)送上或送下到需要停层的层楼。
3)电梯系统的所有机械及电气机械安全保护系统有效而可靠——这是确保电梯设备和乘客人身安全的基本保证。
根据上述的电梯安全可靠运行的充分与必要条件，以及电梯的运行工艺过
rmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 18olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accord
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
程，现就一般电梯的控制系统的各个主要控制环节及其结构原理说明如下。 3.3.2 交流双速拖动主回路
交流双速电梯控制电梯拖动主电路图如图4-6所示。从图中可以看出，三相交流感应电动机定子内具有有两个不同极对数的绕组(分别为6极和24极)。快速绕组(6极)作为启动和稳定运行的速度，而慢速绕组作为制动减速和慢速平层停车用。启动过程中，为了限制启动电流。以减小其对电网电压波动的影响，一般按时间原则，串电阻、电抗进行一级加速或二级加速;减速制动是在慢速绕组中按时间原则进行二级或三级再发电制动制速，以慢速绕组(24极)进行低速稳定运行，直至平层停车。
图4-6 交流双速电梯的主拖动系统的结构原理图
YD为交流双速曳引电动机，其额定快速运行速度为1000r/min，额定快速运行速度为250r/min。通过这两种速度，分别拖动电梯作快、慢速运行。
在国产电梯产品中，交流双速曳引电动机有两种不同结构形式。一种电动机的快、慢速定子绕组是两个独立绕组。给快速绕组接入380V交流电源时，电动机以1000r/min同步转速作快速运行。给慢速绕组介入380V的交流电源时，电动机以250r/min同步转速作慢速运行。另一种电动机的快、慢速定子绕组是同
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一个绕组，依靠控制系统改变绕组接法，实现一个绕组具有两个不同速度的目的。当绕组为YY形连接时，电动机的同步转速为1000r/min。当绕组为Y形连接时，电动机的同步转速为250r/min。采用这种电动机作为曳引机电动机的电梯，快速运行时，通过快速运行接触器KC给电动机引出线D、D、D输入三相380V的456
交流电源，通过快速运行接触继电器1KC把电动机引出线D、D、D短接起来，123绕组称为YY形连接。电梯由快速运行切换为慢速运行时，KC和1KC复位，电动机引出线D、D、D失电，D、D、D短接状态被解除。用于MC吸合，三相380V456123
交流电源从D、D、D输入电动机定子绕组，绕组称为Y形连接，电动机进入123
慢速运行。
SC为上行接触器，XC为下行接触器，通过改变相序实现YD的正、反转，实习爱你电梯的上升与下降。
KC为快车接触器，KJC 为快加速接触器，KC用于接通YD的快速绕组;为了减小启动电流，在YD启动时需接入电抗DZ，当启动完成后将电抗DZ短接，KJC为DZ短接接触器。
MC为慢车接触器，用于接通YD的慢速绕组;1MJC、2MJC、3MJC为慢减速接触器，当YD进行能耗制动减速时，为了限制制动电流，随着转速的下降，由1MJC、2MJC、3MJC逐级将电抗DZ从主回路中切除。
XJ为相序继电器，用于缺相保护;KRJ、MRJ为电动机热保护继电器，用于实现YD的过载保护。
3.3.3 自动开关门电动机回路与安全回路
图4-7为交流双速继电器控制电梯的自动开关门电动机回路与安全回路。 1) 门锁安全回路
YJ为电压继电器，用于安全保护。电梯的安全保护大多数都是由机械和电气安全装置相互配合构成的。YJ的线圈回路中有轿内急停按钮TAN,轿顶检修急停按钮TAD、安全窗开关ACK、安全钳开关AQK、限速器断绳开关DSK、快速热保护继电器KRJ、慢速热保护继电器MRJ、相序继电器XJ等构成。当某一安全开关动作时，YJ失电，确保电梯运行的安全。
ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 20olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
MSJ为门锁继电器，它既考虑了乘客的人身安全又要考虑到电梯设备的本身安全。该电路是将轿门锁JMS、各厅门锁(1TMS,7TMS)串联作为一个检测信号，送到控制回路，作为运行的必要条件之一。也只有在电压继电器YJ和门锁继电器MSJ都得电时电梯才可以运行。
图4-7 自动开关门电动机回路与安全回路
2)自动开关门电动机回路
自动门电动机安装于轿厢顶上，它在带动轿门开闭的同时，通过机械联动机构带动厅门同步开闭。为使电梯门在启闭开门有一级减速，关门有两级减速。本控制系统采用小型直流伺服电机的电枢电压，可实现调速，进而 实现开关门减速。
门电动机的开关门及开关门减速过程如下。当关门继电器GMJ吸合激磁直流电源正极，首先供给直流伺服电动机的激磁绕组MDQ.同时经GMJ、关门电阻GMR、两级减速开关2GMK与3GMK触点将直流电压加在门电动机电枢绕组上。门电动机正转，执行关门动作;当门关至约门宽的2/3时，限位开关2GMK动作，使关门
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电阻GMR被短接一部分，从而使电动机电枢电压降低，门电机MD转速下降，关门速度减慢;当门继续关至尚有100,150mm时，限位开关3GMK动作，使关门电阻GMR进一步被短接一部分，从而使电动机电枢电压进一步降低，门电机MD转速在降，关门速度变得更慢，从而确保安全。开门及开门减速过程相似，区别在于;一是开门继电器KMJ改变门电机MD电枢电压极性，执行的是开门动作;二是开门只有一级减速，所以只有一个减速开关2KMK.
1、开门控制
?上班开门 电梯在基站，司机通过转动基站厅外钥匙开关GYK，使KMJ吸合，执行开门动作。
?平层停站自动开门 平层停站自动开门由程序定时器和上下平层继电器SPJ、XPJ使KMJ吸合，执行开门动作。
2、关门控制
?下班关门 电梯到基站，司机通过转动基站厅外钥开关GYK，使GMJ吸合，执行关门动作。
?停站自动关门 停站时间到，一般为4,6s，由停站时间定时器T210使KMJ吸合，执行关门动作。
3.4 电梯的安全保护环节
在前述中已述及，电梯运行的充分与必要条件中的第三点就是电梯的各种安全保护必须可靠有效。这是为了保证电梯最安全，最可靠的运行。我们国家近几年来电梯的安全标准已向国际上的电梯安全标准靠近，且基本上相等效。并在1987年颁布了GB7588—87的《电梯制造与安装安全规范》。这一新标准与国际上正在执行的EN81-1(或英国的BS5655)《电梯制造与安装安全规范》相等效。并于1995年进行了修订。
根据电梯安全标准的要求，不论何种电梯均要符合标准中的安全保护要求。现就一般电梯常用的且必不可少的安全保护环节简介如下。
?超速断绳保护
按GB7588----95标准的规定，当电梯下降速度达到额定速度的115,时，限速器上的第一个开关动作，使电梯自动减速;而当达到140,时，限速器上的第二个开关动作，切断控制回路使电梯停止运行;而此同时，限速器通过机械结构
examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 22olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
使限速器钢丝绳卡死不动，而电梯轿厢仍在向下，这样被卡住的限速器钢丝绳产生一个向上提拉力，从而把它与之相关的轿厢安全钳向上提起，使仍在下行的轿厢被安全钳楔块紧紧的卡在电梯导轨上，这样使下行的电梯轿厢被掣停于某一位置而不再下降;同时把与之相对应的安全钳开关断开，进一步使电气控制电路切断，强令电梯停止。
这一保护是很重要的，凡是在有可能使各类人员进入电梯轿厢内的电梯，必须设置这一保护，是极为重要的保护环节，绝不能等闲视之，但只有在不允许，也不能进入各类人员的小型杂物电梯上才可不设置这一保护环节。
?层门锁保护
前面我们曾述及:电梯运行的三个充分与必要条件中之一是，电梯必须关闭好门后方可运行。因此电梯门(包括轿厢门和各层楼的所有层门)必须闭锁;若没有闭锁好，是不允许电梯运行的!并且还要求不可能随意强制拨开各个层楼的层门。所以各楼层的层门必须要有机械和电气的联锁保护，即只有当各个层门确实关闭好后，机械的钩子锁锁紧后电气触点才能接通，这样电梯就可安全地运行。
由上述可知，层门闭锁保护是机械和电气不可分割的环节。因此在电梯安装竣工验收时必须提供某一类型的层门闭锁保护装置的型式试验报告和性能检测报告。
?电梯门的安全保护环节
这一保护环节主要是指在关门过程中防止夹伤乘客等人员的保护装置。一般有:安全触板，光电保护或电子光幕保护装置和关门力限制保护等。这些保护装置可任选一种或两种以上均可。
这些保护装置是在电梯关门过程中才起作用的。当有乘客或其他人员在电梯关门过程中碰撞(或接近)电梯门扇时使电梯门停止关闭，并立即开启，从而使乘客不致被门扇夹痛(伤)。
?上、下端站的强迫减速保护
为了防止电梯在两端站的永磁感应器或选层器触点等失效而产生不了减速信号所导致的快速冲顶或蹲底，根据电梯安全标准规定，必须在电梯井道内的两端设置强迫减速装置。
?上、下方向限位保护及终端保护
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对于速度?lm,s的交流双速电梯，应另设置终端极限开关。当方向限位保护不起作用时，则最后通过碰铁使极限开关动作，切断电梯的动力电源，迫使电梯强行停止。
n principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 24olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
第4章 程序设计方案 4.1 PLC电梯系统连接图
系统连接图如图5-1所示。
图5-1 系统连接图 4.2 PLC i/o点的分配
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由于是交流双速电梯，需保留原线路中的主回路接触器和门机继电器;考虑安全设计需要，控制部分保留安全回路继电器(急停继电器)和门联锁继电器。
对7层/7站集选电梯 ，根据输入信号及输入信号的数量，经过计算，输入点为38点，输出点数为39点;输入、输出信号都是数字量。输出量的电压类型分别为220VAC，110VAC，24VDC。
根据选用的FX-80MR的输入、输出点数分配情况及计算的I/O点数的实2N
际情况，经过综合分析，画出的I/O的地址分配及外围接线图5-1所示，图中的元件符号及其含义如附录A。PLC部分内部辅助继电器含义如图附录B。 4.3 电梯开关门运行回路
下列程序是按照双开门有无司机控制来设计的。主要完成电梯的手动开门、无司机状态下的本层开门、电梯运行到达目的层站时的自动开门、手动关门、无司机状态下的自动延时关门、基站外启动时的开关门等功能。电梯开关门运行回路如图5-2。
of cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 26olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, i
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
图5-2 电梯的开、关门运行回路
上述程序中Y10、Y11分别为为开门、关门继电器在PLC输出端地址，X0为超载信号输入，当超载后电梯将不关门，直到不超载后才关门启动。M141为PLC内部辅助继电器，表示电梯停止后轿厢内无人，本层外呼开门继电器。 4.4 电梯的指层控制回路
本电梯中楼层信号是通过安装于每层井道内的感应器及安装在轿顶的隔磁板来实现的。但由于获得的楼层信号不连续，因而需要通过程序实现。X32,X40分别为1,7楼的楼层感应器在PLC的输入端地址。其实现程序如图5-3。
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indus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 28olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
图5-3 实现连续层楼信号及七段数码管表示楼层信号
上述程序中M1,M7为内部辅助继电器，其作用相当于继电器控制线路中的1,7楼的楼层辅助继电器。取得楼层信号后，就要将楼层信息通过指示灯或七段数码管表示出来。若用指示灯表示层楼信号，程序非常简单;本电梯中采用七段数码管来表示楼层信号，上图中Y14、Y15、Y16、Y17、Y20、Y21、Y22为七段数码管中a、b、c、d、e、f、g各个笔画的PLC输出端地址。 4.5 电梯的选层、定向回路
任何类别的电梯，其运行的充分与必要条件之一——“要有确定的电梯运行方向”，因此所有电梯的确定运行方向的控制环节——简称“定向环节”，在所有电梯的整体控制系统中也与电梯的自动开关门控制环节一样，是一个至关重要的.控制环节。
所谓电梯的方向控制环节，是根据电梯轿厢内乘客欲往层楼的位置信号或各层楼大厅乘客的召唤信号位置与电梯所处层楼的位置信号进行比较:凡是在电梯位置信号上方向的轿内或层楼厅外召唤信号，则电梯定上行方向;凡在其下方向
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的，则定下行方向。
在方向控制环节中，一般集选电梯必须满足下列几点要求。
?轿内指令信号优先于各层楼厅外召唤信号而定向，即当空轿厢电梯被某层厅外乘客召唤到达该层后，某层的乘客即可进入电梯轿厢内而揿按指令按钮令电梯定上行方向(或下行方向);若该乘客虽进入轿厢内且电梯门未关闭而尚未揿按指令按钮前(即电梯尚未定出方向)，出现其他层楼的厅外召唤信号时，如此召唤信号指令电梯的运行方向有别于已进入轿厢内的乘客要求指令电梯的运行方向，则电梯的运行方向应由已进入轿厢内的乘客要求而定向，而不是根据其他层楼厅外乘客的要求而定向。这就是所谓的“轿内优先于厅外”。
只有当电梯门延时关闭后，而轿内又无指令定向的情况下，才能按各层楼的召唤信号的要求而定出电梯运行方向，但一旦定出电梯运行方向后，再有其他层楼的召唤信号就不能更改已定的运行方向了。
?要保持最远层楼召唤信号所要求的电梯运行方向，而不能轻易地更改，这样以保证最高层楼(或最低层楼)乘客的乘用电梯，而只有在电梯完成最远层楼乘客的要求后，方能改变电梯运行方向。
?在有司机操纵电梯时，当电梯尚未启动运行的情况下，应让司机有强行改变电梯运行方向的可能性。这种在我国电梯尚未广泛普及，又以“有司机”操纵为主的使用情况下，这一“强行换向”也是必要的。
?而在电梯检修状况下，电梯的方向控制应由检修人员直接揿按轿厢内操纵箱上或轿厢顶的检修箱上的方向按钮即令电梯定向上(或向下)运行;而当松开方向按钮即令电梯消失运行方向并使电梯立即停车。
电梯的上下行方向的确定程序如图5-4。
-try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 30olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
第31页
图5-4 电梯的选层、定向(上、下行)
上述程序中M100为PLC内部辅助继电器，代表电梯的上行方向继电器，M101为PLC内部辅助继电器，代表电梯的下行方向继电器;X44为有/无司机开关在PLC输入端的地址;X46，X47为检修上行和下行按钮在PLC输入端的地址。Y12,Y13为上行、下行方向指示灯在PLC输出端的地址。
4.6 电梯选层换速回路
无论何种电梯，为了实现“快、稳、准”要求中的“准”的要求，必须令电梯在到达目的层楼之前的某一距离点开始进行减速，以保证准确停车时所需的尽可能低的低速度。为此，各种不同类型的电梯，其发出减速信号的位置是不一样的;但不论何种电梯，其减速制动信号的发出可以归结为两大类。
1)人工的 即由电梯的专职司机凭经验判断而发出的，例如手柄开关操纵的
-try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 32olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
各种载货电梯等均属此类。
2)自动的 电梯能够根据轿内指令信号或根据各层楼厅外的召唤信号方向与电梯运行方向一致时，按预先确定的距离位置而自动发出减速信号。本电梯就是这种。
电梯选层换速程序如图5-5所示。
图5-5 电梯的选层换速
4.7 电梯的轿内指令与厅外召唤的登记和消号
轿内指令和厅外召唤登记的条件是按下要登记的按钮，若此时电梯处在正常
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运行状态，而且电梯又不在登记的层楼，则该登记即为有效。轿内指令登记消号的条件是当电梯正常运行至登记楼层时，指令登记即被消号。厅外召唤消号的条件是:当电梯正常运行至厅外召唤的楼层且电梯的运行方向与召唤按钮的方向一致时，厅外召唤即被消号。当在安全回路继电器动作、轿内电锁断开、检修等状态下指令信号不予登记，登记的信号即刻消号。下列程序中X5,X13为1,7楼内指令按钮在PLC端的地址，M11,M17为PLC内部辅助继电器，表示1,7楼的内指令登记继电器。X2为轿内电锁在PLC输入端的地址，X43为检修开关在PLC的输入端地址。内指令登记与消号的程序如图5-6。
indus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 34olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
图5-6 轿内登记和按钮指示灯显示、
厅外召唤登记、消号与指示灯输出的程序如下。其中X14、X16、X20、X22、X24、X26为1,6楼上召唤按钮在PLC输入端的地址，M21,M26为PLC内部辅助继电器，表示1,6楼的上召唤继电器，Y34,Y37、Y40、Y41为1,6上召唤指示灯在PLC输出端地址;X15、X27、X21、X23、X25、X27为2,7楼下召唤按钮在PLC输入端的地址。M32,M37为PLC内部辅助继电器，表示2,7楼的下召唤继电器，Y42,Y47为2,7楼下召唤指示灯在PLC输出端的地址。M30，M40为PLC内部辅助继电器，分别代表电梯上行和下行方向辅助继电器。如图5-7。
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indus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 36olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
图5-7 厅外登记消号与指示灯输出
4.8 电梯的运行控制回路
本电梯为双速控制，故电梯的运行控制主要是在保证电梯安全回路及门联锁正常工作的前提下，对双速电梯的启动加速、稳速运行、减速、停车等的控制。实际上，表现为电梯的上行，下行接触器和快车、慢车接触器的控制。该部分功能实现的程序如下:其中Y0,Y1分别为上行和下行接触器在PLC输出端的地址;Y2,Y3分别为快车和慢车接触器在PLC输出端的地址;Y4为快车辅助接触器在PLC输出端的地址;Y5，Y6，Y7分别为慢车第一、第二和第三辅助接触器在PLC输出端的地址;X30，X31分别为上下平层感应器在PLC输入端的地址。M120代表运行回路的启动继电器。运行控制如图5-8所示。
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try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 38olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
4.10 电梯控制系统的调试运行
调试程序则意味着整个设计进入了收尾阶段了，调试应满住系统的运行要求，
1)开始时，电梯处于任意一层。
2)当有外呼梯信号到来时，轿厢响应该呼梯信号，到达该楼层时，轿厢停止运行，轿厢门延时打开，延时后自动关门。
3)人进入轿厢后，当有内呼梯信号到来时，轿厢响应该呼梯队信号，到达该楼层时，轿厢停止运行，轿厢门延时打开，延时自动关门。
4)在电梯轿厢运行过程中，轿厢上升(或下降)途中，任何反方向下降(或上升)的外呼梯信号均不响应，但如果反向外呼梯信号前方向无其它内、外呼梯信号时，则电梯响应该外呼梯信号。例如，电梯轿厢在一楼，将要运行到三楼，在此过程中可以响应二层向上外呼梯信号，但不响应二层向下外呼梯信号。同时，如果电梯到达三层，如果四层没有任何呼梯信号，则电梯可以响应三层向下外呼梯信号。否则，电梯轿厢将继续运行至四楼，然后向下运行响应三层向下外呼梯信号。
5)电梯应具有最远反向外呼梯响应功能。例如，电梯轿厢在一楼，而同时有二层向下外呼梯，三层向下外呼梯，四层向下外呼梯，则电梯轿厢光去四楼响应四层向下外呼梯信号。
6)电梯未平层或运行时，开门按钮和关门按钮均不起作用。平层且电梯轿厢停止运行后，按开门按钮轿厢门打开，按关门钮轿厢门关闭。
系统调试运行的步骤大概可分为:
1)根据各个模块编写好电梯控制系统的梯形图程序。
2)将程序写入PLC。
3)调试运行。
在调试过程中要充分运用PLC的监控、测试手段。可以首先进行各个模块的调试，然后再整体调试。在进行系统调试时，必须弄清楚各个模块之间的联系。系统调试是非常复杂的过程，需要考虑很多方面的问题，需要对程序反复验证，现场调试等等，使系统尽量完善。
第39页
结论
毕业设计是专科学习阶段一次非常难得的理论与实际相结合的机会，通过这次比较完整的设计出电梯PLC控制，我摆脱了单纯的理论知识学习状态。通过实际设计相结合，锻炼了我综合运用所学的专业基础知识，解决实际工程问题的能力，同时也提高我查阅文献资料、设计手册、设计规范以及电脑制图等其他专业能力水平。通过PLC控制电梯，实现电梯的运行速度、反映时间和停层的准确度达到一定的标准，而对电梯的速度、运行状态、安全、可靠、消防等进行合理的设计。综合考虑电梯PLC控制系统，能够达到“稳、准、快”的要求，这就要求我们的设计必须严密、可靠。通过这次毕业设计，提高了我的意志力和品质力，提升了自己的忍耐力，懂得了怎样缓解压力，学会了独立思考、逻辑思维、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法。这是我们希望看到的，也正是我们进行毕业设计的目的所在。
examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 40olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
致谢
虽然毕业设计内容繁多，过程繁琐，但我的收获却更加丰富。通过与郭老师的沟通和交流，我了解到此系统的适用条件，此设备的选用标准，以及各种器件适用性。我的能力也得到了提高，提高是有限的但提高也是全面的，正是这一次设计让我积累了无数实际经验，使我的头脑更好的被知识武装了起来，也必然会让我在未来的工作学习中表现出更高的应变能力，更强的沟通力和理解力。最终按质按量完成本次设计。我的收获是很难用语言来描述的。非常感郭成操老师的指导与帮助。
杨 毅
2011年05月10日
第41页
参考文献
[1] 吕厚余主编(电工电子学(上)(重庆:重庆大学出版社(2001(1 [2] 张汉杰、王锡仲、朱学莉编著(现代电梯控制技术(哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大
学出版社(2001(3
[3] 李秧耕、何乔治、何峰峰编著(电梯基本原理及安装维修全书(北京:机械
工业出版社(2001(7
[4] 孟少凯、尚贵林、张存荣、孙振华编著(电梯技术与工程实务(北京:宇航
出版社(2002(4
[5] 唐介主编(电机拖动与控制基础(北京:高等教育出版社(2002(9 [6] 魏孔平、朱蓉主编(电梯技术(北京:化学工业出版社(2006(7 [7] 廖常初主编(FX系列PLC编程及应用(北京:机械工业出版社(2008(4 [8] 陈伯时主编(电力拖动自动控制系统(北京:机械工业出版社(2008(5 [9] 许谬、王淑英编著(电气控制与PLC应用(北京:机械工业出版社(2009(1
009(5 [10] 汤光华、宋涛主编(电子技术(北京:化学工业出版社(2
quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to then principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 42olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-
成都电子机械高等专科学校毕业论文
附录A I/O分配表
名称 代号 输入点编号 名称 代号 输出点编号 超载信号 上行接触器 CZK X0 SC Y0 门联锁继电器 下行接触器 MSJ X1 XC Y1 轿内电锁 快车接触器 NSK X2 KC Y2 上强迫换速开关 慢车接触器 SHK X3 MC Y3 下强迫换速开关 快车辅助接触器 XHK X4 KJC Y4 一层轿内指令按钮 慢车第一减速接触器 1NA X5 1MJC Y5 二层轿内指令按钮 慢车第二减速接触器 2NA X6 2MJC Y6 三层轿内指令按钮 慢车第三减速接触器 3NA X7 3MJC Y7 四层轿内指令按钮 开门继电器 4NA X10 KMJ Y12 五层轿内指令按钮 关门继电器 5NA X11 GMJ Y13 六层轿内指令按钮 6NA X12 a 七端码层楼显示 a Y14 七层轿内指令按钮 7NA X13 b 七端码层楼显示 b Y15 一层向上召唤按钮 1SA X14 c 七端码层楼显示 c Y16 二层向下召唤按钮 2XA X15 d 七端码层楼显示 d Y17 二层向上召唤按钮 2SA X16 e 七端码层楼显示 e Y20 三层向下召唤按钮 3XA X17 f 七端码层楼显示 f Y21 三层向上召唤按钮 3SA X20 g 七端码层楼显示 g Y22 四层向下召唤按钮 上行指示灯 4XA X21 SD Y23 四层向上召唤按钮 下行指示灯 4SA X22 XD Y24 五层向下召唤按钮 一层指令轿内指示灯 5XA X23 1ND Y25 五层向上召唤按钮 二层指令轿内指示灯 5SA X24 2ND Y26 六层向下召唤按钮 三层指令轿内指示灯 6XA X25 3ND Y27 六层向上召唤按钮 四层指令轿内指示灯 6SA X26 4ND Y30 七层向下召唤按钮 五层指令轿内指示灯 7XA X27 5ND Y31 上平层感应器 六层指令轿内指示灯 SPG X30 6ND Y32 下平层感应器 七层指令轿内指示灯 XPG X31 7ND Y33 一层楼层感应器 一层厅外向上召唤灯 1LG X32 1SD Y34 二层楼层感应器 二层厅外向上召唤灯 2LG X33 2SD Y35 三层楼层感应器 三层厅外向上召唤灯 3LG X34 3SD Y36 四层楼层感应器 四层厅外向上召唤灯 4LG X35 4SD Y37 五层楼层感应器 五层厅外向上召唤灯 5LG X36 5SD Y40 六层楼层感应器 六层厅外向上召唤灯 6LG X37 6SD Y41 七层楼层感应器 二层厅外向下召唤灯 7LG X40 2XD Y42 开门按钮 三层厅外向下召唤灯 KMA X41 3XD Y43 关门按钮 四层厅外向下召唤灯 GMA X42 4XD Y44 检修开关 五层厅外向下召唤灯 JXK X43 5XD Y45 无司机开关 六层厅外向下召唤灯 WSJ X44 6XD Y46 检修上行按钮 七层厅外向下召唤灯 JSA X45 7XD Y47 检修下行按钮 JXA X46
第43页
附录B 内部辅助继电器使用分配表
辅助、时间继电器 作用 辅助、时间继电器 作用
轿内电锁 3层厅外下召唤 M0 M33 1层楼层继电器 4层厅外下召唤 M1 M34 2层楼层继电器 5层厅外下召唤 M2 M35 3层楼层继电器 6层厅外下召唤 M3 M36 4层楼层继电器 7层厅外下召唤 M4 M37 5层楼层继电器 上行方向 M5 M30 6层楼层继电器 下行方向 M6 M40 7层楼层继电器 上方向选择 M7 M100 1层轿内指令输入 下方向选择 M11 M101 2层轿内指令输入 换速继电器 M12 M110 3层轿内指令输入 辅助换速继电器 M13 M111 4层轿内指令输入 启动继电器 M14 M120 5层轿内指令输入 运行继电器 M15 M130 6层轿内指令输入 外呼开门继电器 M16 M141 7层轿内指令输入 启动时间 M17 T200 1层厅外上召唤 快加速时间 M21 T201 2层厅外上召唤 1慢减速时间 M22 T202 3层厅外上召唤 2慢减速时间 M23 T203 4层厅外上召唤 3慢减速时间 M24 T204 5层厅外上召唤 停站时间 M25 T210 6层厅外上召唤 开门执行时间 M26 T211 2层厅外下召唤 M32
本文是通过网络收集的资料，如有侵权请告知，我会第一时间处理。
n principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, wi-inources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking wof the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of res pmenttitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and develoa number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the compe ity ofrand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicgain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, btheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, 44olicy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.y and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax pcountrseriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the e, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structur-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high ing tomprove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, accordrmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, iof cadres and workers of the existing business, fiowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -try group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateindus examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the
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