全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题

全国高等教育自学考试英语 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 学试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题 1. 2000年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷 第一部分 选择题 ?.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) ( )1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form. A. more B. little C. less D. gradual ( )2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______. A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B ( )3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______. A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above ( )4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______. A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above ( )5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________. A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded ( )6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word. A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units ( )7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic ( )8.Compounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______. A. semantics B. grammar C. phonetics D. lexicology ( )9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______. A. repetition B. alliteration C. rhyme D. none of the above ( )10.Which of the following words is a functional word? A. Often B. Never C. Although D. Desk ( )11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______. A. semantic unity B. structural stability C. idiomatic variation D. figure of speech ( )12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______. A. use idioms correctly and appropriately B. understand idioms correctly C. remember idioms quickly D. try a new method of classification ( )13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______. A. long(not short) B. ball(a dancing party) C. rock(rock’n’roll) D. ad(advertisement) ( )14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______. A. the influx of borrowing B. repetition C. analogy D. shortening ( )15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context? A. Words and phrases. B. Sentences C. Text or passage D. Time and place 第二部分 非选择题 ?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%) 16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________. 17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________. 18.CCELD is a ________________ dictionary. 19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river", the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated. 20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. ?.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.(10%) A B 21. Scandinavian( )A. mill(place where things are made) 22. Germanic( )B. grammatical 23. extension( )C. double meaning 24. narrowing( )D. Swedish 25. linguistic( )E. comprehend/understand 26. ambiguity( )F. Dutch 27. participants( )G. determined 28. difference in denotation( )H. pigheaded 29. appreciative( )I. non-linguistic 30. pejorative( )J. iron(a device for smoothing clothes) ?.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2)types of word formation or prefixes.(10%) 31. predict( ) 32. motel( ) 33. potatoes( ) 34. blueprint( ) 35. preliminaries( ) 36. southward( ) 37. demilitarize( ) 38. hypersensitive( ) 39. retell( ) 40. multi-purposes( ) ?.Define the following terms.(10%) 41. acronymy 42. native words 43. elevation 44. stylistic meaning 45. monolingual dictionary ?.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%) 46. How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type. 47. What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points. 48. What are the clues generally provided in verbal context? ?.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes. Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form. "Well, it’s the old story of the stitch in time," he said. 附:答案 2000年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语词汇学试题参考答案 ?.(30%) 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D ?.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18. monolingual 19. semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic?.(10%) 21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H ?.(10%) 31.bound root 32.(head+tail)blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34. a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversative prefix 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix ?.(10%) 41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. ?.(12%) 46.There are four types of motivation: 1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points: borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points: definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. ?.(18) 49.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly). 2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist, un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分) 2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分) 3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分) 4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分) 5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分) 2. 2001年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket(30,) 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd ? ignorant B. silly ? foolish C. last ? pleasure D. knave ? boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom ‘in good feather’, we change ‘good’ into ‘high, full’ without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes C. usage notes D. extra columns 10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ] A. Dorm B. motel C. Gent D. Zoo 11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ] A. 30,000 to 40,000 B. 50,000 to 60,000 C. 70,000 to 80,000 D. 80,000 to 90,000 12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ] A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes D. Compounds 13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ] A. Dutch origin B. Danish origin C. Latin origin D. Greek origin 14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ] A. is used by the same speech community B. represents something else in the world C. is both simple and complex in nature D. shows different ideas in different sounds 15. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ] A. are complex words. B. are technical words C. refer to the commonest things in life. D. denote the most important concepts. 第二部分 非选择题 II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book(10,) 16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning. 17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary. 18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____. 19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____. 20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)features of idioms(10,) A B 21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish 22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl 23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated 24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state 25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond 26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated 27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars) 28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event) 29. extension ( ) I. part of speech 30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person) IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined;2)types of word formations;3)types of meaning and 4)types of meaning of idioms.(10,) 31. heart and soul ( ) 32. father—male parent ( ) 33. mother—female parent ( ) 34. city-bred ( ) 35. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) 36. headache ( ) 37. antecedent ( ) 38. preview ( ) 39. receive ( ) 40. called ( ) V. Define the following terms(10,) 41. specialized dictionary 42. collocative meaning 43. transfer 44. morpheme 45. old English VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(12,) 46.What’s the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points. 47. What is dismembering? 48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18,) 49. The ‘pen’ is mightier than the ‘sword’. Explain what ‘pen’ and ‘sword’ mean respectively using the theory of motivation. 50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words) The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight. 2001年英语词汇学试题参考答案 第一部分 选择题 I(Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 第二部分 非选择题 II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 16. stylistic 17. monolingual 18. semantic opposition 19. degradation 或 pejoration 20. productivity and collocability III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%) 21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E 26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. A IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation;3)types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%) 31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature 32. conceptual meaning 33. conceptual meaning 34. n+v-ed 35. backformation 36. n+v 37. bound root 38. prefix 39. bound root 40. inflectional affix/morpheme V. Define the following terms.(10%) 41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分) 42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分) 43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer. 44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language. 45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150. VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%) 46. 要点: Radiation Concatenation i) primary meaning i) first sense ii)次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii)由此意义连续转换;特点为链接 iii)名词语义互不依赖 iii)最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象 47. 要点: (1)break up an idiom into pieces(2分) (2)an unusual case of using idioms(1分) (3)in literature or popular press for special effect(1分) 注:语言扣分不得超过1分(语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分) 48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, ‘pretty’ and ‘handsome’ share the conceptual meaning of ‘good looking’, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点 1)Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2分) 2)Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分) 3)In this sentence, ‘pen’ reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; ‘sword’ reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分) 50. 要点: (1)it is ambiguous(2分) (2)ambiguity caused by the structure(2分) (3)stop drinking can be understood as 1)police stop drinking by themselves (1分 ) 2)police stop people drinking (1分) (4)improvement(3分) 1)The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight. 2)The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight. 3. 2002年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷 第一部分 选择题 ?.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( ) A. ad for ―advertisement‖ B. dish for ―food" C. fond for ―affectionate‖ D. an editorial for ―an editorial article" 3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( ) A. the reader‘s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer’s intention D. the etymology of the word 4. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms 6. Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( ) A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification 11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not. A. structurally changeable B. semantically analyzable C. structurally fixed D. easily understood to( ) A. morphological structure B. relevant details C. grammatical structure D. physical context 13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ‖I like Mary better than Janet"? ( ) A. Vocabulary B. Situation C. Structure D. None of the above 14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( ) A. from 1066 to 1500 B. from 1150 to 1500 C. from 1500 to 1700 D. from 1600 to 1800 15.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( ) A. bound roots B. free morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. derivational affixes 第二部分 非选择题 ?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%) 16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc. 17. The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry". 18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________. 19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________. 20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. ?.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%) A B 21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low 22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose 23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face 24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success. 25.personification ( ) E. hiss 26.portus ( ) F. bear; bear 27.come ( ) G. twitter 28.heart ( ) H. cat 29.birds ( ) I. port 30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soul ?.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%) 31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( ) 32.sitcom ( ) ( ) 34.form cradle to grave ( ) 35.might and main ( ) 36.fax ( ) 37.disobey,impolite, ( ) 38.hussy:"housewife"?"a woman of low morals"( ) 39.disease:"discomfort"?"illness"( ) 40.fond:"foolish"?"affectionate"( ) ?.Define the following terms.(10%) 41.dictionary 42.pejoration 43.idioms nominal in nature 44.Germanic 45.allomorph ?.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%) 46.What are the stylistic features of idioms? 47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point. 48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? ?.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates. a. The man said he would come to our school next week. b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday. 50. Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. unbearable, international, ex-prisoner 全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题参考答案 ?.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C ?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%) 16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. bound ?.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%) 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D 26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.E ?.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%) 31.explanation 32.head+head blending 33.hyponymy/hyponym 34.figure of speech; metonymy 35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration 36.back clipping 37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes 38.degradation 39.narrowing 40.elevation ?.Define the following terms.(10%) 41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc. 42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense. 43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word. (2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms. 44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc. 45.one of the variants that realize a morpheme ?.Answer the following questions.(12%) 46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal. (2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal. (3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number. 47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it’s the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. 48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words. ?.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.要点: Superordinate Subordinate 1) man scholar 2) come visit 3) school university 4) week Monday 50. can exist by themselves. alone as words. 4. 2003年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷 ?(Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) .( ) A(extension B(degradation C(specialization D(elevation 2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ( ) A(broad sense sense 3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is . ( ) A(conventional C(concrete B(non-conventional D(specific B(narrow sense C(figurative sense D(special 4.The way to define an antonym is based on ) A(contradiction C(oppositeness B(contrariness D(relativeness 5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by ) A(Roget‘s Thesaurus B(Concise Oxford Dictionary D(Co-build Dictionary C(New Webster‘s Dictionary 6.Context meaning.( ) A(explains above 7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the past. ( ) A(word-formation B(borrowing C(derivation D(conversion B(interprets C(defines D(all the 8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . ( ) A(movable B(unstable D(ununderstandable C(unchangeable 9. Sentence idioms can be divided into ( ) A(declarative and imperative C(verbal and adverbial B(interrogative and exclamative D(both A and B is considered to be a highly-inflected language. ( ) A(Old English B(Middle English D(Late Modern English C(Early Modern English 11. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be . ( ) A(affixational B(derivational C(free D(bound 12. The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. ( ) A(printing above 13.Which of the following statements is true? ( ) A( Every word has reference. B( Every word has sense. C( Every word is semantically motivated. D(Every word is conceptually motivated. 14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? ( ) A( The English language is noted for its modest borrowings. B( Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form. C( Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin. D(Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing. 15.The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of . ( ) A(reference D(meaning B(sense C(concept B(Christianity C(French words D(all the 第二部分 非选择题(共70分) ?.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%) 16.The degraded meaning ―sexual desire ‖of the word ―lust ‖comes from its old meaning ― 17.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and . 18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a dictionary. 19.The basic word stock forms the common of the language. 20 Conceptual meaning is also known as meaning. ?.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%) A B ( )21.difference in connotation ( )22.perfect homonym ( )23.degradation ( )24.transfer A. fond (from ―foolish‖ to ―affectionate‖) B. homely /domestic C. date ;date D. diseasing (from ―discomfort ‖to ―illness‖) E. fabulous (from ―resembling a fable ‖to ( )25.elevation ―incredible‖) ( )26.narrowing ( )27.extension F. journal (from ―daily paper‖ to ―periodical‖ ) G. silly (from ―happy‖ to ―foolish‖) ( )28.generalization pity‖) H. pitiful (from ―full of pity‖ to ―deserving ( )29.grammatical context ( )30.lexical context I. It was a nice ball. J. Visiting aunts can be boring. ?.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%) 31.LDCE ( ) 32.deadline ( ) 33.-ize,-en,-ate ( ) 34.an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( ) 35.VOA ( ) 36.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ( ) 37.CED ( ) 38.telephone ? phone ( ) 39.fly in the ointment ( ) 40.hostess ( ) ?.Define the following terms.(10%) 41.a variation of an idiom 42.morphs 43.synonym 44.jargon 45.semantic motivation ?.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46.What is the role of context? 47.Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use? 48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples. ?.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language. Sam is getting on ,too .His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. 50.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates. a. The girl got a book in the university. b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department. 5. 2004年4月自考英语词汇学试题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom ―Jack of all trades‖ results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______. A. historical reason and class reason B. historical reason and psychological reason C. class reason and psychological reason D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors 10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______. A. they come from the same source B. they are correlated with one central meaning C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary D. all the above 11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______. A. semantic transfer B. semantic pejoration C. semantic elevation D. semantic narrowing 12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______. A. semantic unity B. structural stability C. rhetorical function D. none of the above 13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______ A. -ion. B. -ism. C. -ity. D. -ist. 14. More often than not, functional words only have ______. A. lexical meaning B. associative meaning C. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning 15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context. A. social B. verbal C. lexical D. physical II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions. 17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context. 18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes. 19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______. 20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%) A B ( )21. apes A. colloquial ( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings ( )23. Irish C. Italic ( )24. tiny D. very formal and official ( )25. French E. yelp ( )26. cattle F. poetic ( )27. domicile G. Celtic ( )28. abode H. gibber ( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English J. low ?. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%) 31. mismanage ( ) 32. elephants-trumpet ( ) 33. pretty ( ) 34. forehead ( ) 35. bossy ( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment ( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles ( ) 40. harder ( ) ?. Define the following terms. (10%) 41. idiom 42. functional words 43. degradation 44. bilingual dictionary 45. conversion ?. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary? 47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples. 48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is. ?. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning. ?Get me an avocado, please,‘ Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet. 50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy. apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery 6. 2005年4月高等教育自学考试词汇学试题 ?.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are( ) A. primary and secondary B. central and peripheral C. diachronic and synchronic D. formal and functional 2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?( ) A. Colloquial B. Slang C. Negative D. Literary 3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:( ) A. absolute and relative B. absolute and complete C. relative and near D. complete and identical 4. In the early period of Middle English, English,( )existed side by side. A. Celtic and Danish B. Danish and French C. Latin and Celtic D. French and Latin 5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( )morpheme. A. formal B. concrete C. free D. bound 6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?( ) A. croak, drum B. squeak, bleat C. buzz, neigh D. bang, trumpet 7. LDCE is distinctive for its( ) A. clear grammar codes B. usage notes C. language notes D. all of the above 8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to( ) A. German B. French C. Scottish D. Irish 9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?( ) A. TOEFL B.ODYSSEY C. BASIC D. CCTV 10. In the course book, the author lists( )types of context clues for inferring word meaning. A. eight B. six C. seven D. five 11. Sources of homonyms include( ) A. changes in sound and spelling B. borrowing C. shortening D. all of the above 12. The written form of English is a(an)( )representation of the spoken form. A. selective B. adequate C. imperfect D. natural 13. Structurally a( )is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. A. morpheme B. stem C. word D. compound 14. Unlike affixes,( )are often free morphemes. A. suffixes B. prefixes C. inflectional morphemes D. roots 15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,( ) A. Scandinavian and Italian B. Greek and Scandinavian C. Celtic and Greek D. Italian and Spanish ?. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________. 17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary. 18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers. 19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. 20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________. ?. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%) A B ( ) 21. skill A. back-formation ( ) 22. babysit B. blending ( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin ( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin ( ) 25. government E. clipping ( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms ( ) 27. gent G. Germanic ( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms ( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms ( ) 30. big/ small J. contrary terms ?. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%) 31. neck?primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body; a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( ) 32. contradict ( ) 33. mother: love, care ( ) 34. upcoming ( ) 35. window shopping ( ) 36. radios ( ) 37. property developer ( ) 38. candidate?earlier meaning: white-robed; later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( ) 39. handsome ( ) 40. northward ( ) ?. Define the following terms. (10%) 41. encyclopedia 42. borrowed words 43. blending 44. extension 45. phrasal verb ?. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47. What is extra-linguistic context? 48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points. ?. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning. Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it. 50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 7. 2006年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题 I ( Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________. ( ) A. butcher ? one who kills goats medicine 2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________. ( ) A. extension, increase and expansion B. denotation, connotation and application C. comprehension, understanding and knowing D. polysemy, homograph and homophone 3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________. ( ) A. inflectional affixes C. bound roots B. derivational affixes D. free morphemes B. journal ? periodical C. companion ? one who shares bread D. allergic ? too sensitive to 4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________. ( ) A. synonymy C. homonymy B. antonymy D. hyponymy 5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in ―rain cats and dogs‖. ( ) A. illogical C. mutual B. logical D. natural 6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________. ( ) A. verb phrases C. verb idioms ( ) A. seamen C. farmers A. –ful C. –less B. housewives D. hunters B. –wise D. –ike B. phrasal verbs D. all the above 7. The idiom ―new brooms sweep clean‖ was created probably by _________. 8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________. ( ) 9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. ( ) A. Celtic C. French ( ) A. bound roots B. inflectional affixes D. all the above C. derivational affixes ( ) A. its referent C. its meaning ( ) A. notion B. use frequency D. origin C. foundation B. its referring expressions D. its concept B. Dansih D. Scottish 10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________. 11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________. 12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________. 13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________ ( ) A. A word is a meaningful group of letters. B. A word is a unit of meaning. C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds. D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence. 14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________. ( ) A. a thesaurus B. a synonym finder D. an encyclopedic dictionary C. an encyclopedia 15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary? ( ) A. It is always better than an American dictionary. B. One can always expect to find American usages in it. C. One can never expect to find American usages in it. D. It tends to include more grammatical information. II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English. 17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________. 18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents. 19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit. 20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%) A B A. metonymy B. narrowing ( )21. senior citizen ( )22. the pot calls the cattle black ( )23. earn one‘s bread ( )25. sit on the fence ( )24. from cradle to grave C. euphemism D. synecdoche E. hiss F. personification G. morphologically motivated ( )26. constable (a policeman) ( )27. criticize(find fault with) ( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) ( )29. snakes ( )30. hopeless H. degradation I. metaphor J. elevation IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%) 32. Fridge 33. autocide ( ) ( ) ( ) 35. notorious, skinny 36. two-layer 37. UNESCO ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 40. police, money ( ) V. Define the following terms.(10%) 41. extra-linguistic context 42. prefixation 43. semantic change 44. conceptual meaning 45. specialization VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46. What is semantic unity of idioms? 47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points. 48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary? VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. 50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words. Comment on the statement with your own example. 8. 全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1(Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?( ) A(Phonetic manipulation. C(Figures of speech. A(extra-linguistic context C(grammatical context stock? ( ) A(Creativity. C(Duality. A(-es C(-est B(Stability. D(All national character. B(-or D(-er B(Lexical manipulation. D(Phrasal verbs. B(lexical context D(homonymy 2(The sentence ―I like Mary better than you.‖ is ambiguous due to ______.( ) 3(Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word 4(Which of the following is NOT considered as an inflectional affix?( ) 5(The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, except ______. ( ) A(extra column B(clear grammar codes C(usage notes A(Hemisphere. C(NATO. D(language notes B(Attempt. D(Respondent. 6(Which of the following is a case of suffixation? ( ) 7(Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?( ) A(The rapid development of modern science and technology. B(Geographical and political changes. C(The influence of other cultures and languages. D(Social and economic changes. 8(Webster‘s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( ) A(unabridged C(pocket B(desk D(encyclopedic C h r i s t i a n i t y . ( ) A(elevated C(narrowed B(degraded D(extended 9(Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings ______ because of the influence of 10(As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______. ( ) A(in the diachronic approach words C(in usage in simple terms D(in the range and intensity of meaning 11(Which of the following is NOT true about Old English? ( ) A(Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages. B(Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000. C(Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150. D(Old English was a highly inflected language. 12(Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT an example of neologisms? ( ) A(SARS. C(Futurology. A(Black market. C(Hopeless. B(Can-opener. D(Freak out. B(Greenhorn. D(Neigh. B(in the stylistic and emotive colouring of 13(Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? ( ) 14(In the sentence ―Italian artists were more active in the sixteenth century which followed.‖ The meaning of from the clue of ______. ( ) A(definition C(example A(norminal C(adverbial B(explanation D(relevant detail B(adjectival D(verbal 15(Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 16(The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________. 17(Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ______________. 18(In the word ―post-war‖, ―post-‖ is a prefix of ______________. 19(Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong ______________meaning. 20(Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) meaning of prefixes; 2) type of word formations; 3)types of meaning changes and 4) types of idioms. (10%) A ( )21(Ultr- ( )22(burgle ( )23(pop ( )24(clear-sounding ( )25(VOA cup) ( )26(fore- ( )27(degradation ( )28(kick the bucket ( )29(extension ( )30(make it F. mistress G. succeed H. clipping I. die J. extreme B A. backformation B. initialism C. transfer of sensation D. before E. brim (water‘s edge —the top edge of a IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms; 5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations. (10%) 31(ball, ball 32(a hard businessman 33(friend or foe 34(miniskirt 35(an attractive ball 36(lie –distort the fact 37(occupation-walk of life 38(coffee 39(mother (love, care) 40(enrich ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) V. Define the following terms. (10%) 41(loan words 42(specialized dictionary 43(conversion 44(lexical context 45(amelioration VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%) 46(What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point. 47(Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning? 48(What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning? VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49(Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples. 50(Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.