听说教程Unit_6(The Nature We Live In)

Unit6TheNatureWeLiveInWARM-UPAListentoaspeakertalkingaboutthedamagedonebyicestorms.Completethefollowingchartaccordingtotheinformationyouhear.Script：Ice-StromNumberTellChillingTaleInJanuary1988,theresuccessivestormsdroppedmorethan4inchesoffreezingraininareasofNewEnglandandsouthernCanada.About100.000peoplehadtotakerefugeinshelters,whiletheRedCrossraisedmorethan＄10milliontohelpthevictims.Theicebroughtdownmorethan1,000powertransmissiontowersand30,000woodenutilitypoles.Nearly1.7millioncustomerslosttheirelectricity,insomeareasforweeks.Morethanone-thirdofallfarmlandintheregionwasaffected.Nearly5.3millionsugar-mapletreeswereinthepathofthestorm,anditmaytake30to40yearsformaplesyrupproductiontoreturntonormal.Thehardesthitweredairyfarmers，asnearlyone-quarterofCanada’scowsweresubjectedtothestorm.Theonesthatsurvivedmayneverreachtheirpreviouslevelofproduction.Furthermore,2.5milliongallonsofmilk,valuedatmorethan＄5million,hadtobedumpedbecausetherewasnoelectricity.DamagesCausedbyIceStormsAreasDamagesPeopleAboutpeoplehadtolive.Morethan$10millionwasraisedtohelpthe.ElectricityMorethan1,000towersand30,000utilitypolesfell.Nearly1.7millionlostelectricity.cropsMorethan1/3ofwasdamaged.Nearly5.3millionwerehit.DairyNearlyofCanada’swerekilled.Nearly2.5milliongallonsofmilk.People：100.000/inshelter/victimsElectricity：powertransmission/customersCrop：allfarmlandintheregion/sugar-mapletreesDairy：1/4/cows/hadtobedumpedBDiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whatotherenvironmentalproblemmaycausedamagetopeople?2.Whatcanwedorightnowtoslowglobalwarmingandmakearealdifference?LISTENINGFORCONTENT①ListeningtoaconversationA　ListentoaninterviewbetweenTonyBrown,ajournalistfromalocalnewspaper,andAndrewMetzger,thedirectorofazoo.Aftertheinterview,somequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Writedownashortanswertoeachquestion.Script：AndrewMcTaggeristhedirectorofazoolocatedinalargeNorthAmericancity.Inthisinterviewheexplainsthetypeofworkthatisdoneintoday’szoos.Tony：I’mTonyBrownfromthelocalnewspaper.Now，whatwasthepurposeofthefirstmodernzoos?Andrew：Well,thosezoosweretheonlyplaceswherepeoplecouldreallyseewildanimals.Tony：Andtodaythat’schanged,right?Andrew：Well,ontheonehand,zoosarestilltheplaceforpeopletoseelivewildanimalsupclose.Seeingananimaltouchespeople,especiallyyoungpeople.Mostzoostodayhavegreateducationalexhibits.Ontheotherhand,nowwecanwatchTVprogrammesaboutanimalslivinginthewild.Tony：Doyouthinkzoosaregoodplacesforwildanimalstolivein?Andrew:Well,insomecases,yes.Yousee,wecanbuildbettercages,orenclosures,fortheanimals.Inthebear’senclosure,forexample,werecreatetheforestwithdifferentkindsofplants,treetrunks,rocks,andwaterfalls.Tony：Doyouthinktheanimalfeelasifitwererightathome?Andrew：No,probablynot,butwetrytodoasmuchaspossible.Wecreateplaceswheretheycanbeprivateandhideawayfrompeople.Weputinbigrockswithspacestocrawlinto,ortreestogobehind.Tony：Whatisthemostimportantjobfortoday’szoos?Andrew：Conservationwork.Tony：Whatdoyoumeanbythat,savinganimals?Andrew：Exactly.Wecanhelpanimalsendangeredinthewildtoreproducesafelyinzoos.Thenwecanreturntheseanimalstothewild.Tony：Isthisanimportantjobforzoos?Andrew：It’sveryimportant.Don’tforgetit’sestimatedthatabout200to300animalsinthewildbecomeextincteveryyear,andthatnumberisincreasingrapidly.Ithinkzoosplayanimportantpartinsavinganimalsfromextinction.Thisisthefutureroleofzoos.1.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthisinterview?.2.Whatwasthepurposeofthefirstmodernzoos?.3.Whatisthemostimportantjobfortoday’szoos?.BListentotheinterviewagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1.A)Gettingclosertotheanimalsinthezoo.B)Seeingawildanimalinthezoo.C)Visitingeducationalexhibitsinthezoo.D)WatchingTVprogrammersaboutanimalslivinginthewild.2.A)Today’szoosarebuiltinforestwithdifferentplants,rocksandwaterfalls.B)Today’szooshavealreadybecomethebestplaceforwildanimals.C)Today’szoosaregoodhabitatsforwildanimals.D)Today’szoosmakewildanimalsfeelathome.3.A)Toraise200-300animalseachyearineachzoo.B)Toestimatethenumberofendangeredanimals.C)Toincreasethenumberofendangeredanimals.D)Topreventendangeredanimalsfromextinction.②　ListeningtoapassageAMaryisexpressingheropiniononhowtopunishthosewhotrafficinillegalanimalproducts.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.Script：ALawtoHelpProtectEndangeredSpeciesManyspeciesarenowindangerofbecomingextinct.Amongthethreatstoendangeredspeciesarebusinessesthatbuyandsellanimalsfortheirskinandotherparts.Unfortunately,thepeoplewhorunthesebusinessesarenotdiscouragedbyfines.Theysimplyseeitasjustanotherbusinessexpense.Abetterwaytocontroltheproblemwouldbetoforcewhoeveriscaughtbuyingorsellingproductsmadefromendangeredspeciestoperformcommunityservice.Theircommunityserviceshouldrequireworkthathelpsprotecttheanimalstheyareharming.Suchalawcouldbequiteeffective.Ifpeopletraffickinginillegalanimalproductswereforcedtohelpendangeredspecies,theymightunderstandhowdestructivetheirbusinessis.Also,theircommunityservicetaskswouldturnthenintohelpersratherthandestroyers.Intheprocessoffulfillingtasks,theywillseetheimportanceofprotectingtheanimals.Somemightarguethatcommunityservicewouldnotbeaneffectivewaytoprotectendangeredspeciesbecauseitwouldnotreallyconvincepeopletoabandonaprofitablebusiness.However,communityservicewouldbemuchmoreeffectivethanfinesalone.Payingafineisaseasyaswritingacheck,butdoingcommunityservicerevealsyourresponsibilityandobligationasacitizen.Wemustdowhateverwecantosaveallspeciessothatthecomplexweboflifeisprotected.Forthisreason,weneedstronger,moreeffectivepenaltiessuchastheoneIamproposing.Questions1Whatcanbeinferredaboutthebusinessofbuyingandsellinganimalskins?2Whatisthesignificanceofcommunityservice?3Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothespeaker?1.A)Theyarebecomingextinct.B)Theyareindangerofbeingfined.C)Theyarethethreatstospecies.D)Theyareunfortunate.2.A)Itcanstoptraffickinginillegalanimalproducts.B)Itcanforceillegalanimaltraffickerstofulfillcommunityservicetasks.C)Itcanbedestructivetotraffickersinillegalanimalpredicts.D)Itcamshowtheimportanceofprotectingtheanimals.3.A)Fineswouldbeaneffectivewaytoprotectendangeredanimals.B)Doingcommunityserviceremindsacitizenoftheirresponsibilitytoprotectanimals.C)Finescanconvincepeopletoabandontheirillegalbusinesses.D)Doingcommunitysurviveisaseasyaspayingfines.KEYCBDBListentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.WhatisMary’sopiniononhowtopunishthosewhopracticetraffickinginillegalanimalproducts?2.DoyouagreewithMary’sopinion?Whyorwhynot?③ListeningtoEnglishnewsAListentothefollowingnewsaboutthedamagefromacidrainandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Script：AcidRainDamagefromacidrainiswidespreadnotjustineasternNorthAmerica,butthroughoutEurope,Japan,China,andSoutheastAsia.Istherainthat’sfallingonyourumbrellaacidic?Alistener’squestionontoday’s“EarthandSky”.JB:Thisis“EarthandSky”,withaquestionfromSandraReneeofOliveHill,Kentucky.Sheasks,“Howdoyouknowwhenitrainsthatit’snotacidrain,andwhatexactlyisacidrain?”DB:Sandra,youneedaPHmetertoreliablymeasuretheacidityofrainorsnow.ButincertainpartsofUS-especiallyintheNortheast—youcanprobablyassumethatmostrainwillbeatleastsomewhatacidic.Westerlywindsmovepollutantseastward，sotheeasternUSgetsmoreacidrain.JB:Acidrainhappenswhenairborneacidsfalldowntoearthinrain.Electricalutilityplantsthatburnfossilfuelsemitchemicalsintheairtoformsulfuricacid,nitricacid—the“acid”inacidrain.Youdon’thavetolivenextdoortoapowerplanttogetshoweredbyacidrain.Theseacidpollutantsreachhighintotheatmosphereandcantravelwithwindcurrentsforhundredsofkilometers.DB:Theacidsinacidrainarecorrosivechemicalsthatleachnutrientsfromthesoils,slowthegrowthoftrees,poisonlakesandcombinewithotherchemicalstoformurbansmog.Thesimplestwaytocurtailacidrainistouselessenergyfromfossilfuels.JB:SpecialthankstodaytotheCamilleandHenryDreyfusFoundation,aprivatefoundationdedicatedtoadvancingresearchandeducationinthechemicalsciences.We’reBlockandByrdfor“EarthandSky”.AcidRainDamagefromacidrainis1)notjustineasternNorthAmerica,butthroughoutEurope,Japan,China,andSoutheastAsia.Istherainthat’s2)yourumbrellaacidic?Alistener’squestionontoday’s”EarthandSky”.JB:Thisis“EarthandSky”,withaquestionfromSandraReneeofOliveHill,Ken–tacky.Sheasks,”Howdoyouknowwhenitrainsthatit’snotacidrain,andwhat3)isacidrain?DB:Sandra,youneedapHmeter4)theacidityofrainorsnow.ButincertainpartsoftheUS–especiallyontheNortheast–youcanprobably5)thatmostrainwillbeatleastsomewhatacidic.Westerlywindsmove6)eastward,sotheeasternUSgetsmoreacidrain.JB:Acidrainhappenswhenairborneacidsfalldowntoearthinrain.7)thatburnfossilfuelsemitchemicalsintotheatmospherethat8)waterandotherchemicalsintheairtoformsulfuricacid,nitricacid–the”acid”inacidrain.Youdon’thavetolivenextdoortoapowerplant9)byacidrain.Theseacidpollutantsreachhighintotheatmosphereandcantravel10)forhundredsofkilometers.DB:Theacidsinacidrainarecorrosivechemicalsthat11)fromthesoil,slowthegrowthoftrees,poisonlakesand12)otherchemicalstoformurbansmog.Thesimplestwaytocurtailacidrainistouselesenergy13).JB:SpecialthankstodaytotheCamille&HenryDreyfusFoundation,aprivatefoundation14)　　　　　　Advancingresearchandeducationinthechemicalsciences.We’reBlockandByrdfor”EarthandSky”.KEY1.widespread2.fallingon3.exactly4.toreliablymeasure5.assume6.pollutants7.Electricalutilityplants8.reactwith9.togetshowered10.withwindcurrents11.leachnutrients12.combinewith13.fromfossilfuels14.dedicatedtoNoteApHmeterisanelectricdevicethatmeasurespHusinganelectrochemicalcell.”pH”,also”pHvalue”,abdicatesanumberonascaleof0to14whichshowshowacidoralkalineasubstanceis.BListentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Afteryoufinishthetask,checkyouranswerswithyourpartner.1.WhyisitassumedthatmostraininthenortheastpartoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleastsomewhatacidic?2.Howisthe”acid”inacidrainformed?3.Whatdamagehasbeendonetonaturebytheacidsinacidrain?4.Whatisthesimplestwaytoreduceacidrain?FOLLOW–UP①　ListeningtoshortconversationsInthissectionyouwillhearfiveshortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillberedonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapaisa.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Script：1W：Didyouknowthatwewastehundredsofgallonsofwatereveryday,simplybecausepeopledon’tturnofftheirtapsproperly?M：Theproblemisthatpeoplecan’tseethatbyturningofftheirtaps,orswitchingoff,orswitchingoffalightintheirhouse,theyaresavinggallonsofwaterandhundredsoftrees.Q：Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthisdialogue?2M：Ithinkgovernmentshoulddowhateverisnecessarytocreatemorewildanimalpreserves.Theyshouldraisemoneythroughenvironmentalawarenesscampaigns.W：Maybepeoplecouldmakevoluntarycontributionswhentheyfiletheirtaxes.M：That’sagoodidea.Thatwaywhoeverwantstocontributecan,butit’snotobligatory.QWhatdoesthemanmean?3W：IheardaboutthetornadoontheradioTexas.M：WasitasbadastheoneinLouisiana?W：Itwasmuchworse.Ahundredspeoplewerekilled.M：That’stwiceasmanypeople.Q：WhatdoweknowaboutthetornadoinLouisiana?4W：Isincerelyfeelthatanimalsshouldnotbeusedforresearchpurpose.M：Idon’treallyagree.Iseriouslydoubtthatmedicalresearchcouldbedonewithoutanimals.W：Weseentobeinadilemmatodecidewhattodo,protecttheenvironmentordevelopthemedicalscience?Q：Whatattitudedoesthemanholdtowardsusinganimalsforresearchpurposes?5M：Scientistssaythatwaterpollutionisthebiggestproblemintheenvironment.M：Doyoubelievethat?W：Well,scientistsbasetheirstatementsonstudies,don’tthey?Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestproblem?M：Airpollution,becausethey’realwaystalkingaboutitinthenews,aren’tthey?W：True,butcanyoualwaysbelievewhattheysayinthenews?Q：Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?1.A)Howtoturnofftapsproperly.B)Howtosavewatereveryday.C)Howtoswitchofflightinthehouse.D)Howtoprotectwaterandtreesinnature.2.A)Itisagoodideatosetupmorewildanimalpreserves.B)Itisnecessarytoraisemoneythroughawarenesscampaigns.C)Itisagoodideaforpeopletomakevoluntarycontributions.D)Itispeople’sobligationtocontributemoney.3.A)LouisianatornadowasasterribleastheoneinTexas.B)Louisianatornadokilled50people.C)Louisianatornadokilled200people.D)LouisianatornadowasmuchworsethantheoneinTexas.4.A)Heisdoubtfulaboutmedicalresearcheswithanimals.B)Heisinagreementwiththewomannottouseanimalsinresearch.C)Hefeelsitnecessarytouseanimalsinmedicalresearches.D)Hefeelsinadilemmawhethertoprotecttheenvironmentornot.5.A)Thetwospeakersagreewaterpollutionisthebiggestenvironmentalproblem.B)Thetwospeakersthinkairpollutionisthebiggestenvironmentalproblem.C)Thetwospeakersalwaysbelievewhatistalkedaboutinthenews.D)Thetwospeakershavedifferentopinionsaboutthebiggestpollutionproblem.KEYDCBCD②ListeningtoalongerconversationInthissectionyouwillhearalongerconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,questionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.AftereachquestiontherewillbeaDuringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Script：ThingsYouCanDotoHelptheEnvironmentSteve:Ourenvironmentisintrouble.Peopleandindustriesarepollutingtheair,rivers,lakesandseas.Itseemsthatwecandonothingtohelp.Whatdoyouthink,Helen?Helen:No.That’snotturn,Steve.Infact,therearemanythingswecando.Steve:Forexample?Helen:Wecanwalk,bicycleorusepublictransportationtoworkinsteadofdriving.Ifitisreallynecessarytodriveacar,driveatasteadyspeed,becauseburninggasolineisoneofthebiggestsourcesofcarbonmonoxideintheatmosphere.Steve:Yes,itisbelievedthatcarbonmonoxideiscausingglobalwarming.Itthinstheozonelayer,whichprotectsusfromthesun’srays.Helen:Right,Iwouldtellthesamestory.Thethinnerozonelayermeansalotmoreradiation,disastroustohumanbeingsandnature.Steve:Then,whatelsecanwedo?Helen:Alot.Generally,trynottousedisposableproducts.Believeitornot,inasingleyear,peopleintheUnitedStatesuseenoughdisposablediaperstoreachtothemoonandbackseventimesSteve:Oh,no!Thatcausesgreatdamagetotheforests.Theshrinkageofforestsaddstoenvironmentalpollution.Helen:Definitely.Soeverybodyshoulddotheirbesttohelpreducepollutioninourdailylife.Forinstance,showersusealotofwater.HaveyouheardthatatypicalAmericanfamilyusesasmuchwaterasapersondrinksinthereyears!Steve:Incredible!I’llhavetodosomethingtocutmywaterusage.Helen:Goodforyou.Justgoandbuyaspecial“low-flow”showerheadanddon’tforgettofixanyleakyfaucets.Questions1WhatdoesHelenthinkaboutprotectingtheenvironment?2Whatisimpliedaboutdrivingatssteadyspeed?3WhydidHelenmentionpeopleintheUnitedStates?4WhatisHelen’sadvicetosavewaterindailylife?5Whatismainlytalkedaboutintheconversation?1.A)Therewillbealotoftroublestoprotecttheenvironment.B)Itisnottruetheenvironmentispolluted.C)Peopleandindustriescandonothingtohelptheenvironment.D)Manythingscanbedonetoprotecttheenvironment.2.A)Drivingsteadilywillhelpprotecttheozonelayer.B)Itisnecessarytodrivetoworkatasteadyspeed.C)Drivingsteadilywillnotcauseglobalwarming.D)Itisbelieveddrivingsteadilycanprotectusfromcarbonmonoxide.3.A)Becausetheydon’tusedisposableproducts.B)Becausetheydon’tbelieveindisposableproducts.C)Becausetheyhaveenoughdisposableproducts.D)Becausetheyusemuchtoomanydisposableproducts.4.A)TofollowatypicalAmericanfamily.B)Tocuttheuseofwaterinourdailylife.C)Tobuyaspecial”low-flow”showerhead.D)Touseasmuchwateraspeopledrink.5.A)Thingspeoplecandotoburnlessgasoline.B)Thingspeoplecandotoreducepollution.C)Thingspeoplecandotopreventtheforestfromshrinking.D)Thingspeoplecandotosavewaterinourdailylife.KeyDADCB③ListeningtoapassageAListentoareportaboutprotectingbirdsinNewYorkCity.Thendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Script:NYCDimsLightstoSaveBirdsNewYorkCitymaybetheverydefinitionofaman-madeenvironment,buttheplaceisalsoteemingwithnature.Forexample,Manhattanliesdirectlyintheflightpathofhundredsofthousandsofbirdsastheymigratesouthintheautumnandnorthinthespring.However,theconcreteandglasscanyonsofNewYorkandothercitiesalsoposeadangertobirds,especiallywhencloudynightsforcethentoflylow.Reflectionoftreesinaglassbuildingappearsasaforesttobirds.Thebirdsactasiftheyareattemptingtoreachtheirnaturalhabitat,sotheyaredeceived.Birdsareusuallydrawntoskyscrapersinthefirstplacebecauseoftheirexteriorandofficelighting.Theywereprogrammedovermillionsofyearstopickupcertaincuesfromtheenvironment,likethestarsorthemoon.Thatprobablyhastodowiththeirnavigationalsystem.Therehadneverbeenlightslightinguptheskiesbefore,soinaveryshorttimeperiodrelativetotheirevolutionallthesenewsourceoflightevolved.Theirnavigationalsystemgetskindofconfused.Thatcausesthebirdstostartcirclingthelights.Whenthathappens,theystartlosingpreciousenergywhichtheyneedformigration.Birdsarekilledbyflyingintoglassbuildings.Effortsarebeingmadetodealwiththeproblem.Themanagersofbuildingover40storeyshighareencouragedtohelpthemigratingbirdsbydimmingthedecorativelightsantheoutsideoftheirbuildings,andtodimtheirofficelightsoruseblinds,sothatthebuildingsbecomelessreflectiveandpreventthebirdsfromflyingintothem.1.()NewYorkCitymaybeaman–madeenvironmentinwhichthereislittlenature.2.()Manhattanislocatedinthebird’smigrationpath.3.()Buildingsofconcreteandglassaredangerousforbirdsoncloudynights.4.()Glassbuildingsappeartobirdsastheirhabitatbecauseofthereflectionofthetrees.5.()Itismainlyofficelightingintheskyscrapersthatattractsbirds.6.()Birds’internalnavigationalsystemshelpthemtofindcuesintheenvironmentsuchasthestars,themoonorthelights.7.()Birdsarekilledwhenflyingroundthelights.8.()Whenitisgettingdarker,thereshouldbenolightinbuildingsover40storey’shigh.Key1F2T3T4T5T6F7F8FBListentothereportagain,andlocatetheexactfactstosupportyouranswers.④EnjoyingyourselfListento,readaloudandthenrecitethefollowingquotations.Naturedoesnothurry,yeteverythingisaccomplished.–LaoJzuTherosehasthornsonlyforthosewhowouldgatherit.–GhineseLrouerbTomealushcarpetofpineneedlesorspongygrassismorewelcomethanthemostluxu–riousPersianrug.–HelenHellerTakenothingbutpictures.Leavenothingbutfootprints.Killnothingbuttime.–MottooftheBaltimoreGrotto;acavingsocietyAhumanbeingispartofthewhole,calledbyus”Universe”,apartlimitedintimeandspace.Heexperienceshimself,histhoughtsandfeelingsassomethingseparatedfromtherest–akindofopticaldelusionofhisconsciousness.Thisdelusionisakindofprisonforus,restrictingustoourpersonaldesiresandtoaffectionforafewpersonsnearesttous.Ourtaskmustbetofreeourselvesfromthisprisonbywideningourcircleofcompassiontoembracealllivingcreaturesandthewholenatureinitsbeauty.–AlbertEinstein⑤OralreportPreparea3–minuteoralreportoneachofthefollowingtopicsoranyothertopicrelatedtowhatyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Youwillbeaskedtopresentitinthenextclass.1.Toliveharmoniouslywithnatureistounderstandandacceptnaturalforces.Thegreaterthisunderstandingandacceptanceis,thegreatertheharmony.2.Itisscience–rationalthought,skepticism,criticalinquiry–thatfurthersgreaterharmonywithnature.