saej198v003

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.Copyright©2003SAEInternationalAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)Tel:724-776-4970(outsideUSA)Fax:724-776-0790Email:custsvc@sae.orgSAEWEBADDRESS:http://www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ198REV.JUL2003Issued1971-01Revised2003-07SupersedingJ198Aug2000WindshieldWiperSystems—Trucks,Buses,andMultipurposeVehicles1.Scope—ThisSAERecommendedPracticeestablishesfortrucks,buses,andmultipurposepassengervehicleswithGVWof4500kg(10000lb)orgreater:a.Minimumperformancerequirementsforwindshieldwipingsystems.b.Uniformtestproceduresthatincludethoseteststhatcanbeconductedonuniformtestequipmentbycommerciallyavailablelaboratoryfacilities.c.Uniformterminologyofwindshieldwipersystemcharacteristicsandphenomenaconsistentwiththosefoundinguidesfortheuseofengineeringlayoutstudiestoevaluatesystemperformance.d.Guidesforthedesignandlocationofcomponentsofthesystemsforfunction,servicingofthesystem,etc.Thetestproceduresandminimumperformancerequirements,outlinedinthisdocument,arebasedoncurrentlyavailableengineeringdata.Itistheintentthatallportionsofthedocumentwillbeperiodicallyreviewedandrevisedasadditionaldataregardingwindshieldwipingsystemperformancearedeveloped.2.References2.1ApplicablePublications—Thefollowingpublicationsformapartofthisspecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwiseindicated,thelatestissueofSAEpublicationsshallapply.2.1.1SAEPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001.SAEJ680—LocationandOperationofInstrumentsandControlsinMotorTruckCabsSAEJ687—Nomenclature—Truck,Bus,TrailerSAEJ941—MotorVehicleDriver’sEyeRangeSAEJ2349—ElectricWindshieldWiperSwitch2.1.2ASTMPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959ASTMD518—TestMethodforRubberDeterioration—SurfaceCrackingASTMD1171—TestMethodforRubberDeterioration—SurfaceOzoneCrackingOutdoorsorChamber(TriangularSpecimens)SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-2-2.1.3ISOPUBLICATION—AvailablefromANSI,11West42ndStreet,NewYork,NY10036-8002.ISO9259—Passengercars—Windscreenwipersystems—Wiperarmtobladeconnections3.Definitions3.1WiperSystem—Thewipersystemconsistsofalltheapparatusforclearingtheexteriorofthewindshieldglazingsurface,togetherwiththenecessarydevicesandcontrolstostartandstoptheoperations.3.2WiperBlade—Adeviceforclearingtheeffectivewipepattern,capableofreceivingaloadfromanarm,comprisingasuitablesuperstructuresupportingandcontrollingawiperbladeelement.3.3WiperBladeElement—Theresilientmemberofthewiperbladethatcontactsthewindshieldglazingsurface.3.4WiperArm—Adevicetobothinterconnectthewiperbladeandtheoutputshaftofthewipermotororlinkageassembly.Thewiperarmhasthedualfunctionof:a.Maintainingthewiperbladeintoitsdesiredpositionthroughoutthewipepattern.b.Exertingaloadontothewiperblade,sufficientforitsfunction.3.5LinkageAssembly—Themulticomponentmemberthatconnectstothewipermotor(whereapplicable)totransmititsactionintoaccuratemotionfordrivingthewiperarm.3.6WiperControlValve/Switch—Themanuallyactuatedmechanismthatallowspassageofpneumaticorelectricsignaltothewipermotorforactivatingthewipersystemintoitsvariousoperatingornonoperatingmodes.3.7WipedArea—Thespecificareaontheglazingsurfacewhichshallbecoveredbytheeffectivewiperpattern;theareadevelopedasbeingcompatiblewithviewingrequirementsnecessarytooperatethetypesofvehicleslistedinTable1.3.8Eyellipse—Astatisticalrepresentationofthedriver'seyelocationinamotorvehicle,asdefinedinSAEJ941.Forthepurposeofthisdocument,theheadturnconsiderationinSAEJ941willnotbeused.3.9EffectiveWipePattern—Thatportionofthewetwindshieldglazingsurfacewhichisclearedwhenthewiperbladetravelsthroughacyclewithsystemonhighestfrequency.3.10MultipieceWindshield—Awindshieldconsistingoftwoormorewindshieldglazingsurfaceareas.3.11Cycle—Acycleshallconsistofwiperblademovementduringsystemoperationfromoneextremeofthewipepatterntotheotherextremeandreturn.3.12DaylightOpening(DLO)—Theterm“daylightopening”(DLO)referstothemaximumopeningofanyglassaperturewhichisunobstructedbymoldings,masking,orframing.3.13Light-DutyVehicle—Alight-dutyvehicleisapersonneland/orcargocarryingvehiclewithbasicGVWof4500kg(10000lb)orless(class1and2)andwiththebasicdesignintendedforbothon-andoff-highwayuse.SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-3-3.14Medium-DutyVehicle—Amedium-dutyvehicleisapersonneland/orcargocarryingvehiclewithbasicGVWof4500kg(10000lb)to11800kg(26000lb)(class3to6)andwiththebasicdesignintendedforbothon-andoff-highwayuse.3.15Heavy-DutyVehicle—Aheavy-dutyvehicleisapersonneland/orcargocarryingvehiclewithbasicGVWof11801kg(26001lb)orgreater(class7and8)andwiththebasicdesignintendedforbothon-andoff-highwayuse.3.16PassengerCarryingDerivative—Apassengercarryingderivativeisavehiclewherethebasicdesign,otherthandriverwindshieldrelationship,hasbeenmodifiedforthepurposeofcarryingoccupants.TABLE1—WIPEDAREAVIEWINGREQUIREMENTSClassificationFDimensionmmFDimensioninAreaAngleUp,degAngleDown,degAngleLeft,degAngleRight,degTruck,CBEandCAE(1)1.Specificationsalsocoverpassengercarryingderivatives.0–10200–40A1051856B531453C5110151020–127040–50A871856B351453C3310151270-Up50-UpA691856B171453C151015Buses,CBE—SchoolandCommercial(2)2.Geometriccenterofeyellipselocated457mm(18in)fromcenterlineofvehicle.1270–152050–60A7.5222262B3222262C1162215Buses,ForwardControl,SchoolandCommercial1270–152050–60A7141865B2111865C1111825ForwardControlorMultipurposeAllAllA971856B441453C221015Light-DutyUtilityVehicle(1)AllAllA751649B431349C42813Van,Multistop(1)OpenOpenA7121858B2111556C161015Trucks,COE1020-Up40-UpA691856B171453C151015SeeSAEJ687fornomenclature.Anglesareminimum.SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-4-3.17Function—Abilityofthewipersystemtoclearthespecifiedareaofthewindshieldwhenthesystemisoperatedinaccordancewiththevehiclemanufacturer'sinstructions.TheFUNCTIONrequirementsaredefinedasfollows:a.WipedArea:See4.1.1b.WipeFrequency:See4.1.2c.Durability:See4.1.3d.WipedQuality:See4.2.33.18Intermittent—Wipingactionconsistingofanindividualcompletesweep(starttostart)withanintervalbetweenstopandsubsequentactivation.3.19WiperMotor—Thatmechanism,operatedbyanexternalpowermedia/source(electric,pneumaticorhydraulic),thatprovidesacontrolledpowertotheothercomponentsofthesystem(eitherbydirectdrivetotheWiperArm(s)ortothelinkage),andisactivatedbytheWiperSwitch/Value.4.Requirements4.1WindshieldWiperSystemRequirements4.1.1REQUIREDWIPEDAREA—Theminimumwindshieldwipedareaisdescribedbythreespecificareasontheexteriorwindshieldglazingsurface.Thethreeareasaredevelopedwiththevehicleloadedtothemanufacturer'sbasedesignloadandareidentifiedinTable1asareasA,B,andC.EachareahasbeenestablishedusingtheanglesofTable1appliedasshowninFigure1.Inthesideview,theupperandlowerboundaryoftheareaisestablishedbytheintersectionoftwoplanes,whichareseenaslinesinthesideviewtangenttotheupperandloweredgesoftheeyellipse,withthewindshieldglazingsurface.TheplanesarefixedbytheanglesaboveandbelowtheXXline.Intheplanviewtheleftandrightboundaryoftheareaisestablishedbytheintersectionoftwoverticalplanestangenttotheleftandrightedgesoftheeyellipsewiththewindshieldglazingsurface.TheplanesarefixedbyanglestotheleftandrightoftheXXline.Theareasusedindeterminingthepercentageofwipedareaarethoseareasontheexteriorglazingsurfacewhicharenotwithin25mm(1in)oftheedgeofthedaylightopening(pillars,divisionbar,header,etc.).Thepercentageistheratioofwipedareawithinthedefinedareatothedefinedarea.Usingtestproceduresestablishedin6.1,Table2forpercentagestobewiped.4.1.2FREQUENCYa.Thewindshieldwipersystemshallbedesignedtoprovidetwoormorefrequencies.b.Thehighestfrequencyshallbeaminimumof45cycles/min.c.Thehighestandonelowerfrequenciesshalldifferbyatleast15cycles/min.d.Suchlowerfrequencyshallbeatleast20cycles/min.e.Frequenciesmustbeobtainableundernormalvehicleoperatingconditionsregardlessofenginespeedand/orengineload,followingtestproceduresandtestconditionsdescribedin6.2.f.IfthewipersystemiscapableofINTERMITTENTOPERATION,operationmustbeasfollows:1.UponactivationofINTERMITTENT,thewiperwillinitiateonesweepandthenbegincountingfortheinterval.2.UponcancellationofINTERMITTENT,thewiperwillcompletethesweepandproceedintothePARKpositionortoContinuousspeedmode.3.SelectingaContinuousspeedmodeimmediatelynegatestheINTERMITTENTmode.4.ActivationofaprogrammedWASHfeatureoverridestheINTERMITTENTmodebutreturnstheWipersystemtothepreviousmodeuponcompletionoftheprogrammedWASH.SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-5-Figure1—EYELLIPSETEMPLATELOCATION(FORDEFINITIONOFDIMENSIONS—SEESAEJ941)4.1.3DURABILITY—Wipingsystem,exceptfortheblade,andthecontrolvalve/switchmustremainfunctionalusingtestproceduresandconditionsestablishedin6.2perthefollowingdurations:a.Light-andmedium-dutyvehicles—Trucks,buses,andmultipurposevehicleswithGVWto11800kg(26000lb):1.5millioncyclesb.Heavy-dutytrucks/buses—VehicleswithGVWof11801kg(26001lb)orgreater:3.0millioncyclesThecontrolvalve/switch,whenusingthesametestprocedureandconditionswill,duringthetest,beactivated/deactivatedthefollowingminimumcycles:5000cyclesfora1.5millioncyclewipersystem10000cyclesfora3millioncyclewipersystemNOTE—Anycomponentfailure,exceptthewiperbladeduringthistest,denotessystemfailure.Throughoutthistestandatthecompletionofsuch:1.WipeanglesasmeasuredonthehighspeedsettingwithwetglassmustallowcompliancewithvisionareaspecificationandshouldnotexceedtheDLO(unlessspecificallydesignedtodoso).2.Allcomponentsmustremainwithoutpermanentsetordistortionwhichwouldimpairfunctionofthewipersystemorresultindamagetothewindshieldsurfaceortometal/nonmetallicexteriorsurface.3.Supportmembersontowhichthewipermotorandbracket,thelinkageandpivotassembliesaremountedmustremainwithoutpermanentset,distortion,crazing,fatiguecracking,etc.,thataffecteitherperformanceofthewipersystemorcausefailureofsuch.TABLE2—MINIMUMPERCENTOFWINDSHIELDTOBEWIPEDWindshieldTypeAreaAAreaBAreaCOnePiece809499Multipiece657084SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-6-4.1.4SYSTEMSTRENGTH—Thesystemshallbecapableofwithstandingtheloadsinducedbystall,usingtestconditionsandtestproceduresestablishedin6.3,withallmechanicalcomponentsremainingfunctionalandwithoutpermanentdistortion.Uponremovaloftheobstructioninducedtocauseastall,systemoperationshouldbeasfollows:a.Forelectricalsystems,operationmustresumewithinthespecifiedparametersofthemanufacturer.b.ForPneumaticsystem,operationmustresume.c.Supportmembersontowhichthewipermotorandbracket,thelinkageandpivotassembliesaremountedmustremainwithoutpermanentset,distortion,crazing,etc.,thatwouldaffecteitherperformanceofthewipersystemorcausefailureofsuch.4.1.5TEMPERATUREOPERATIONALCAPABILITY—Thewindshieldwipersystemshallbecapableoffunctioningbetweenthetemperaturesof55°C±3°C(130°F±5°F)and−30°C±3°C(−20°F±5°F),usingtestproceduresandtestconditionsestablishedin6.2.4.1.6ACCESSIBILITY—Thecontrolforthewipersystemshouldbepositionedsothatitisreadilyaccessibletothedriver.Controlsaretobe:a.OneitherthedashpanelorconsoleperSAEJ680,b.Orattachedtothesteeringcolumn,c.Ormountedabovetheoperatorintheheadersection,d.Or,ifduetospecialneedsofthespecificvehicle/function,locatedinanareathatdoesnotrestrict,operator'snormalbodilymovementorrequiredivertingattentionfromprimaryvisibilityarea.4.1.7COMPONENTACCESSIBILITY—Thewipersystemcomponents,suchasthewipermotorassembly,pivotassemblies,and/ortransmissionassemblies,shallbeaccessibleforservicing/replacementpreferablywithinmaximumof1heach.4.1.8WIPERARMLOADING—Thewiperarmmustbecapableofapplyingsufficientloadtothewiperbladesoastoallowittofunctionconsistentwith4.2.3withboththevehicleparkedandatmaximumallowablevehiclespeeds.4.1.9INTERMITTENTOPERATION—Ifthesystemhascapabilitytobeoperatedintermittentlyitmaybethatofafixedintermittentorvariableintermittent.Theintermittentoperationmaybeatanyspeedasdesignatedbythemanufacturer.4.2WindshieldWiperBladeRequirements4.2.1DURABILITY—Thewiperblade,exceptforthewipingelementofthewiperblade,mustremainfunctionalafteroperating1.5millioncyclesusingtestproceduresandconditionsestablishedin6.2.Functionisevidencedbytheframeorstructureofthewiperbladeremainingwithoutdeformationorwearthataffectsthefunctionorallowsittocomeintocontactwiththewindshieldsurfaceorsurroundingmoldings.Thewiperbladeelementshallwipeeffectivelyfor500000cyclesofthethreemillioncyclesystemtest.Elementshallremainintact,withouttearingorotherwisedisengagingfromitsframe.4.2.2AGING—Thewiperbladeelementofthewiperbladeassemblyshallwithstandtheozonetestestablishedin6.5,withanASTMratingof“0,”asdefinedinASTMD1171.4.2.3WIPEQUALITY—Usingtestproceduresandequipmentdescribedin6.2,thewiperbladeshallclearitsentirewipepatternwithinonewipingcyclewithonlyminorstreakingorunwipedlinesremaining.Arapidlydisappearinghazeisacceptable.Unwipedareas,asidefromminorstreaking,arenottooccurinthecriticalprimaryvisionareaofthewindshield.SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-7-Afterthedurabilitytestdescribedin4.2.1,thewiperbladeelementmayloseitseffectivenessbyallowingmorenumerousstreaks,widerunwipedlines,orlongerlingeringhaze,butmustbecapableoffunctioning.4.2.4CHEMICALRESISTANCE—Asectionofthewiperbladeelementwhenplacedina50%solutionofeithermethylorisopropylalcoholforaperiodof24h,shallnotexceedmorethan2%weightchange.4.3WiperArmtoWiperBladeConnection—Specifythemaindimensionsandgeneralrecommendationsforwindshieldwiperarmtowiperbladeconnections.Thefollowingconnectionsaredefined:a.Hookconnectionb.Saddlewithnutandboltconnectionc.Pinonarmconnection4.3.1HOOKCONNECTION—SeeFigure2.FIGURE2—HOOKATTACHMENTSAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-8-4.3.2SADDLEWITHNUTANDBOLTCONNECTION—SeeFigure3.FIGURE3—SADDLEWITHNUTANDBOLTCONNECTIONORSADDLESTYLEOFATTACHMENT4.3.3PINONARMCONNECTION—SeeFigure4.FIGURE4—PINONARMATTACHMENTSAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-9-4.3.4GENERALRECOMMENDATIONSFORWIPERARMTOBLADECONNECTIONS4.3.4.1LateralAngularMovement—Thelateralmovementbetweenthebladeassemblyandthearmassembledshallnotexceed2degreeswhen0.1Nm(0.75ft/lb)isappliedtobladeend(seeFigure5).Theangulardeflectionshallbemeasuredbetweenthearmandthemainleverofthewiperbladetowhichtheclipisassembled.FIGURE5—LATERALANGULARMOVEMENT—WIPERBLADETOWIPERARM4.3.4.2RotationalMovement—Thetorquewhichisnecessarytomovethewiperbladeonceinstalled,aboutitspivotaxisontheSADDLEANDPINSTYLEwiperarm,shallnotexceed1.0Nm(0.75ft/lb).Inaddition,thepositionofthepivotaxisonthebladeshallbesuchastoensurethatthebladeisfreetomoverelativetothearmwhenoperatedonthevehicle.4.3.4.3ThisdocumentisconsistentwithISOJ9259-1991.5.WindshieldWiperSwitch5.1MustconformtoSAEJ2349.6.TestMethods6.1AreatobeWipedTestProcedure6.1.1TESTEQUIPMENTa.Draftingequipmentsufficientforfullsizewindshieldandwipersystemlayoutb.Transparentheavygageplasticsheet—preparedclearacetateorequivalentc.TestBuck—Atestbuckshallconsistofastructurecapableofmaintainingthroughoutatesttheproperrelationshipoftheglazingsurfaceandthewindshieldwipingsystemcomponentsasestablishedbythevehiclemanufacturer.d.Powersourcemustbecapableofsupplyingpowertothedrivemotorasrequiredpervehiclemanufacturer'sspecificationse.SprayEquipment—SpraynozzlestoapplywatertoglazingsurfaceSAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-10-6.1.2DRAFTINGa.Worktoexteriorsurfaceofwindshieldglazing.b.Thedesignwipepatternshallbeshownplusthegrowthduetowetwindshieldandhigh-speedwiperoperation.Thisgrowthmaybedeterminedeitherexperimentallyorbyusinganallowanceof3degreeseachdirectionofwipe.c.Allcalculationstobemadeintheunwrappedview.d.Invehiclepositionplanviewandsideview,layoutwindshieldsurface,DLO(daylightopening),95thpercentileeyellipseperAppendixofSAEJ941,andtheareasA,B,andC,generatedontheexteriorofthewindshieldglazingusingtheanglesfromTable1.e.DevelopanunwrappedviewofthewindshieldglazingsurfaceandDLO.Designthewipepattern,applygrowthasdescribedin6.1.2(b),andtransferthepatterntogetherwithareasA,B,andCthatarewipedwithdesignpatternplusgrowth,intheunwrappedview.f.CalculatethepercentagesofareasA,B,andCthatarewipedwithdesignpatternplusgrowth,intheunwrappedview,Figure6andcomparethevalueswiththoseofTable2.FIGURE6—WIPEDAREAEVALUATION,DRAFTINGTESTPROCEDURE—UNWRAPPEDVIEWSHOWINGWIPEDPATTERNANDAREASA,B,ANDC6.1.3EVALUATIONTECHNIQUES—Bothmethodsareacceptable.6.1.3.13-DimensionalCADEvaluation—Constructafull-scale3-dimensionalmodelofthewindshield,wiperarms,wiperblades,sweeppatterns,andtheA,B,andCareas,asdescribedin6.1.2.CalculatethepercentagesoftheA,B,andCareaswiped.ComparethecalculatedvaluestothoseofTable2.NOTE—The3-dimensionalmodelsofthearmsandbladesmustretainthesamefunctionalcharacteristicsastheparts.The3-dimensionalsweeppatternmustlieonthewindshieldmodel,andmustrepresenttheactualsweeppattern,asmeasuredaccordingto4.1.3.SAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-11-6.1.3.2TestBuckEvaluationa.Operatetestbuckwithwateron,wipersystemonhighspeed,andmarkoutlineofwipepattern.b.Transferfull-sizeunwrappedviewwithwipepatternandareasA,B,andCasdeterminedin6.1.2(e)totransparentheavygageplasticsheet.c.TransferwipepatternfromtestbucktoplasticsheetandrecalculatethepercentagesofareasA,B,andCthatarewipedandcomparethevalueswiththoseofTable2.6.2WiperSystemDurabilityandFrequencyTest6.2.1TESTEQUIPMENTa.TestEquipment—Asrequiredb.PowerSource—See6.1.1(d)c.Counter—Adevicefordeterminingthenumberofcyclesd.SprayEquipment—See6.1.1(e)e.WaterSoftener—Adevice,whererequired,tosupplywatermeetingrequirementsof6.2.2(d)f.Cleanser—Nonabrasivetypethatleavesnocoatingorresidueonthewindshieldorglazingsurfaceg.TemperatureMeasuringDevice—Thermometerorequivalenth.Gauges—Appropriateformeasuring/monitoringpressure,flow,etc.,ofthewipermotor(s)6.2.2TESTCONDITIONSa.Ambienttemperatureof10to38°C(50to100°F)b.Watertemperatureof5to27°C(40to80°F)c.WaterNozzles—Tobelocatedsoastoprovideanapproximatelyequallydistributedwaterflowonwindshieldglazingsurfaceatrateofnolessthan820mL/min(50in3/min)d.WaterHardness—Nottoexceed205ppme.Powerinputlevelatdrive(frequencytestonly)—Theminimumpoweravailableatthedrivemotor,asspecifiedbythevehiclemanufacturer,undernormalvehicleoperatingconditions6.2.3DURABILITYTESTPROCEDURE—Thewindshieldwipersystemshallbeoperatedtorequirementsper4.1.3withapproximately80%operationatlowspeedat20%operationathighspeed,accordingtothesequencesinTable3,orwiththefirst20%ofthetotaltestcyclesathighspeedandtheremainderatlowspeedaccordingtothesequenceinTable4.Forthewetoperation,wateristobesuppliedtothewindshieldinaccordancewithprovisionsof6.2.2(c).Thewindshieldistobecleanedwhennecessary.Ifrubberdepositsappearwithin15minaftercleaning,thewiperbladeelementorwiperblademustbereplaced.TABLE3—OPERATIONSEQUENCESSpeed/SequenceMinutesHighSpeed—wetwindshield1LowSpeed—wetwindshield5LowSpeed—dry(drying)windshield0.5Park—drywindshield0.5TABLE4—LOWSPEEDOPERATIONSEQUENCELowSpeedSequenceMinutesWetwindshield5.5Dry(drying)windshield0.5Park—drywindshield1maxSAEJ198RevisedJUL2003-12-6.2.4FREQUENCYTESTPROCEDURE—Cleanthewindshield.Wateristobeappliedcontinuouslytothewindshieldthroughoutthetest,asindicatedin6.2.2(c).Applypowertothedrivemotorasspecifiedin6.2.2(e).Withappropriatecontrolsettings,determinesystemoperatingfrequencies.6.2.5WIP