2019年6月六级（第三套）真题+答案解析

12019年6月英语六级真题试卷（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearning.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)特别说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，第三套真题听力 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 与第1套或第2套内容一致，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26becomebrittle(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness-withouttheneedforexpensive28.Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷攻击)numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful“Libertyships”wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchasnickel.YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimura'steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight2—byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.A)abruptlyI)crackedB)additivesJ)fracturesC)approachK)hollowD)ardentlyL)relevantE)besiegedM)reshuffledF)channelN)strivedG)comparableO)violentH)componentsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere—arewereadyforit?[A]Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones(无人机)beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.[B]AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger“Canwe?”but“Shouldwe?”Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas“professionals”?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.[C]Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.The“Cube”heresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly“wastedspace.”MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.[D]Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)-aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattain3moredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.[E]Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincosta11owsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.[F]ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR'sSputnik(前苏联的人造卫星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearcmorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.[G]TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-flee.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris-piecesof“junk”thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.[H]Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe“creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats.”[I]CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some“expertamateurs”inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.[J]In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts'(业余无线电爱好者)participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR-aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwasputting“amateur”satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open.sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple,Withintheorganization,AMSAThasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthattheresnowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.[K]However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof“self-governance”ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizations4that,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon'thavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?[L]Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They'restillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations-allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere'sadangerthey'reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone-wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingatoneendofthespectrum,andimprovised(临时制作的)explosivedevicesattheother.[M]ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant-notsimplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargercommunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.Yetthe'evidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunitiesconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.Here'swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscientificcommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.40.AMSATiscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor5unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn’tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn’temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegial(同事的)tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.It’sasimpletermthatencapsulates(概括)thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofus,toomucheffort.Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandchurning(产出).Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we’reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone’sfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I’lltakeitanyway.646.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?A)Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.B)Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.C)Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.D)Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.B)Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.C)Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.D)Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A)Theyshouldbecultivated.B)Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.C)Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?A)TheyfeelUncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.B)Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.C)TheyareUnwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainWorkplacerelationships.D)Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.50.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?A)TheyprovidefunatWork.B)Theyhelpcontrolemotions.C)Theyhelpresolvedifferences.D)TheyimproveWorkefficiency.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean“irrational”response.OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2017wastheeffortsofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Google’sself-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Google’scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.Drivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo(围棋)tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworld’sleadingprofessionalGoplayers.Withcomputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebe7inaworldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He’llnevercalculatefaster,neverdrivebetter,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:What’ssospecialaboutus?Itcan’tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyacomputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,we’llsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantocompetewithit.IfI'mright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Indeed,ourschoolsanduniversitiesarestructuredtomouldpupilstobemostlyobedientservantsofrationality,andtodevelopoutdatedskillsininteractingwithoutdatedmachines.Weneedtohelpourchildrenlearnhowtobestworkwithsmartcomputerstoimprovehumandecision-making.Butmostofallweneedtokeepthelong-termperspectiveinmind:thatevenifcomputerswilloutsmartus,wecanstillbethemostcreative.Becauseifwearen’t,wewon’tbeprovidingmuchvalueinfutureecosystems,andthatmayputinquestionthefoundationforourexistence.51.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcernabouttheuseofAI?A)Computersareperforminglotsofcreativetasks.B)Manyabilitieswillceasetobeuniquetohumanbeings.C)Computersmaybecomemorerationalthanhumans.D)Manyhumanskillsarefastbecomingoutdated.52.WhatimpressestheauthormostinthefieldofAI?A)Google’sexperimentaldriverlesscarsrequirelittlehumanintervention.B)Google’scarshavesurpassedhisdrivingabilityinjustasingleyear.C)Googlehasmadehugeprogressinautonomousdrivinginashorttime.D)Googlehasbecomeaworldleaderinthefieldofautonomousdriving.53.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?A)Itisrational.B)Itispredictable.C)Itishumanspecific.D)ItisyettobeemulatedbyAI.54.WhatshouldschoolshelpchildrendointheeraofAI?A)Cultivateoriginalthinking.B)Learntoworkindependently.C)Competewithsmartmachines.D)UnderstandhowAIworks.55.Howcanwehumansjustifyourfutureexistence?A)Byconstantlyoutsmartingcomputers.B)Byadoptingalong-termperspective.C)ByrationallycompromisingwithAI.D)Byprovidingvaluewithourcreativity.8PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字(character)而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉子有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。