国际贸易术语详解(英文版)(PowerPoint 79页)

1、难得糊涂是一种境界，心平如境是一种修养7/22/202110:02:30PM22:02:3022-七月-21。七月-21七月-212、顺其自然是一种超脱，威武不屈是一种品格。7/22/202110:02PM7/22/202110:02PM七月-21七月-2122:02:3022:02Jul-2122-Jul-214、富贵不淫是一种情操，常笑就是健康，快乐成就人生。22:02:3022:02:3022:02Thursday,July22,20215、积极向上的心态，是成功者的最基本要素。七月-21七月-2122:02:3022:02:30July22,20216、 人言纷杂，保持自我；工作勤奋，娱乐适度。22七月202110:02:30下午22:02:30七月-217、积极的人在每一次忧患中都看到一个机会。七月2110:02下午七月-2122:02July22,20218、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/7/2222:02:3022:02:3022July20219、7/22/202110:02:30PM22:02:3022-七月-21。10:02:30下午10:02下午22:02:30七月-2110、上帝说爱情需要缘份，两个命中注定相爱的人。7/22/202110:02:30PM22:02:3022-七月-2111、爱已欠费，情已停机，缘分不在服务区。7/22/202110:02PM7/22/202110:02PM七月-21七月-21国际贸易术语详解(英文版)( ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt 79页)ThedetailedexplanationofEtermsThedetailedexplanationofFtermsThedetailedexplanationofCtermsThedetailedexplanationofDterms2"Exworks"meanstheseller'sonlyresponsibilityistomakethegoodsavailableattheseller'spremises,i.e.factory.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforloadingthegoodsonthevehicleprovidedbythebuyerunlessotherwiseagreed.3Thebuyerbearsthefullcostsandriskinvolvedincollectingthegoodsfromtheretothedesireddestination.Exworksrepresentstheminimumobligationoftheseller.4The"E"‑termistheterminwhichtheseller'sobligationisatitsminimum:thesellerhastodonomorethanplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheagreedplace‑usuallyattheseller'sownpremises.5Ontheotherhand,asamatterofpracticalreality,thesellerwouldfrequentlyassistthebuyerinloadingthegoodsonthelatter'scollectingvehicle.6AlthoughEXWwouldbetterreflectthisiftheseller'sobligationsweretobeextendedsoastoincludeloading,itwasthoughtdesirabletoretainthetraditionalprincipleoftheseller'sminimumobligationunderEXWsothatitmildheusedforcaseswherethesellerdoesnotwishtoassumeanyobligationwhatsoeverwithrespecttotheloadingofthegoods.7Ifthebuyerwantsthesellertodomore,thisshouldhemadeclearinthecontractofsale.返回8IntroductionFOBFASFCA9The"F"‑termrequirethesellertodeliverthegoodsforcarriageasinstructedbythebuyer.10ThepointatwhichthepartiesintenddeliverytooccurintheFCAtermhascauseddifficultybecauseofthewidevarietyofcircumstanceswhichmaysurroundcontractscoveredbythisterm.11Thistermhasbeendesignedtomeettherequirementsofmultimodaltransport,suchascontainerorroll-on,roll-offtrafficbytrailersandferries.12Ifnopreciseplacecanbenamedatthetimeofthecontractofsale,thepartiesshouldrefertotheplacewherethecarriershouldtakethegoodsintoitscharge.13Theriskoflossordamagetothegoodsistransferredfromsellertobuyeratthattimeandnotattheship'srail.14Theterm"carrier"meansanypersonbywhomorinwhosenameacontractofcarriagebyroad,rail,air,sea,oracombinationofmodeshasbeenmade.Whenasellerhasbeenfurnishedabilloflading,waybillorcarrier'sreceipt,thesellerdulyfulfillsitsobligationbypresentingsuchadocumentissuedbyacarrier.15Incoterms2000takeamountofthesealternativesbystipulatingthat,whentheplacenamedinthecontractastheplacedofdeliveryistheseller'spremises,deliveryiscompletewhenthegoodsareloadedonthebuyer'scollectingvehicleand,inothercases,deliveryiscompletewhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyernotunloadedfromtheseller'svehicle.16It（FCA）isbasedonthesamenameprincipleasF.O.B.(freeonboard),exceptthatthesellerfulfillsitsobligationswhenthegoodsaredeliveredtothecustodyofthecarrieratthenamedplace.返回17FOBFREEONBOARD(...namedportofshipment)Under"F.O.B."thegoodsareplacedonboardtheshipbythesellerataportofshipmentnamedinthesalesagreement.18Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsistransferredtothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship'srail(i.e.,offthedockandplacedontheship).Thesellerpaysthecostofloadingthegoods.19ThenotionunderFOBtodeliverthegoods"acrosstheship'srailnowadaysmayseeminappropriateinmanycases,itisneverthelessunderstoodbymerchantsandappliedinamannerwhichtakes20Unfortunately,theword"FOB"isusedbysomemerchantsmerelytoindicateanypointofdelivery‑suchas"FOBfactory","FOBplant",FOBExseller'sworks"orotherinlandpoints‑therebyneglectingwhattheabbreviationmeans:FreeOnBoard.21Itremainsthecasethatsuchuseof"FOB"tendstocreateconfusionandshouldbeavoided.返回22FASFREEALONGSIDESHIP(...namedportofshipment)"F.A.S."or"freealongsideship"requiresthesellertodeliverthegoodsalongsidetheshiponthequay.23Fromthatpointon,thebuyerbearsallcostsandrisksoflossanddamagetothegoods.UnlikeF.O.B.,F.A.S.requiresthebuyertoclearthegoodsforexportandpaythecostofloadingthegoods.24ThereisanimportantchangeofFASrelatingtotheobligationtoclearthegoodsforexport,sinceitappearstobethemostcommonpracticetoputthisdutyonthesellerratherthanonthebuyer.返回25CIFCIPInsurance小结返回26"Cost,InsuranceandFreight"meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailintheportofshipment.27CIFCOST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT(...namedportofdestination)CIFisCFRwiththeadditionalrequirementthatthesellerprocuretransportinsuranceagainsttheriskoflossordamagetogoods.Thesellermustcontractwiththeinsurerandpaytheinsurancepremium.28ThesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationBUTtheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery，29aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.However,inCIFtheselleralsohastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.30Consequently,thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.ThebuyershouldnotethatundertheCIFtermthesellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonlyonminimumcover.31Shouldthebuyerwishtohavetheprotectionofgreatercover,hewouldeitherneedtoagreeasmuchexpresslywiththesellerortomakehisownextrainsurancearrangements.32TheCIFtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaandinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintendtodeliverthegoodsacrosstheship’srail,theCIPtermshouldbeused.返回33CIPCARRIAGEANDINSURANCEPAIDTO(...namedplaceofdestination)Thistermisthesameas"freight/carriagepaidto(CPT)"butwiththeadditionalrequirementthatthesellerhastoprocuretransportinsuranceagainsttheriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.34Thesellercontractswiththeinsurerandpaystheinsurancepremium.返回35The"C"-termsrequirethesellertocontractforcarriageonusualtermsathisownexpense.Therefore,apointuptowhichhewouldhavetopaytransportcostsmustnecessarilybeindicatedaftertherespective"C"-term.36UndertheCIFandCIPtermstheselleralsohastotakeoutinsuranceandbeartheinsurancecost.Sincethepointforthedivisionofcostsisfixedatapointinthecountryofdestination,the"C"-termsarefrequentlymistakenlybelievedtobearrivalcontracts,inwhichthesellerwouldbearallrisksandcostsuntilthegoodshaveactuallyarrivedattheagreedpoint.37However,itmustbestressedthatthe"C"-termsareofthesamenatureasthe"F"-termsinthatthesellerfulfilsthecontractinthecountryofshipmentordispatch.38Thus,thecontractsofsaleunderthe"C"-terms,likethecontractsunderthe"F"-terms,fallwithinthecategoryofshipmentcontracts.39Itisinthenatureofshipmentcontractsthat,whilethesellerisboundtopaythenormaltransportcostforthecarriageofthegoodsbyausualrouteandinacustomarymannertotheagreedplace,theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasadditionalcostsresultingfromeventsoccurringafterthegoodshavingbeenappropriatelydeliveredforcarriage,falluponthebuyer.40Itisoftheveryessenceofthe"C"-termsthatthesellerisrelievedofanyfurtherriskandcostafterhehasdulyfulfilledhiscontractbycontractingforcarriageandhandingoverthegoodstothecarrierandbyprovidingforinsuranceundertheCIF-andCIP-terms。41Theessentialnatureofthe“C”-termsasshipmentcontractsisalsoillustratedbythecommonuseofdocumentarycreditsasthepreferredmodeofpaymentusedinsuchterms.Whereitisagreedbythepartiestothesalecontractthatthesellerwillbepaidbypresentingtheagreedshippingdocumentstoabankunderadocumentarycredit,42Ofcourse,thesellerwouldhavetobearthecostofthecontractofcarriageirrespectiveofwhetherfreightispre-paiduponshipmentorispayableatdestination(freightcollect);43however,additionalcostswhichmayresultfromeventsoccurringsubsequenttoshipmentanddispatcharenecessarilyfortheaccountofthebuyer.44Ithappensquiteoftenthatthepartiestothecontractofsalewishtoclarifytheextenttowhichthesellershouldprocureacontractofcarriageincludingthecostsofdischarge.Since45suchcostsarenormallycoveredbythefreightwhenthegoodsarecarriedbyregularshippinglines,thecontractofsalewillfrequentlystipulatethatthegoodsaretobesocarriedoratleastthattheyaretobecarriedunder"linerterms".46Inothercases,theword"landed"isaddedafterCFRorCIF.However,itisadvisablenottouseabbreviationsaddedtothe"C"-termsunless,intherelevanttrade,themeaningoftheabbreviationsisclearlyunderstoodandacceptedbythecontractingpartiesorunderanyapplicablelaworcustomofthetrade.47Inparticular,thesellershouldnot–andindeedcouldnot,withoutchangingtheverynatureofthe"C"-terms-undertakeanyobligationwithrespecttothearrivalofthegoodsatdestination,48sincetheriskofanydelayduringthecarriageisbornebythebuyer.Thus,anyobligationwithrespecttotimemustnecessarilyrefertotheplaceofshipmentordispatch,49Forexample,"shipment(dispatch)notlaterthan...".Anagreementforexample,"CFRHamburgnotlaterthan..."isreallyamisnomerandthusopentodifferentpossibleinterpretations.50ThepartiescouldbetakentohavemeanteitherthatthegoodsmustactuallyarriveatHamburgatthespecifieddate,inwhichcasethecontractisnotashipmentcontractbutanarrivalcontractor,alternatively,thatthesellermustshipthegoodsatsuchatimethattheywouldnormallyarriveatHamburgbeforethespecifieddateunlessthecarriagewouldhavebeendelayedbecauseofunforeseenevents51Inpractice,thepartiesfrequentlycontinuetousethetraditionalexpressionC&F(orCandF,C+F).Nevertheless,inmostcasesitwouldappearthattheyregardtheseexpressionsasequivalenttoCFR.52AlthoughtheIncotermsseektoensurethatthesellerprovidesthebuyerwith"proofofdelivery",itshouldbestressedthatthesellerfulfilsthatrequirementwhenheprovidesthe"usual"proof.53UnderCPTandCIPitwouldbethe"usualtransportdocument"andunderCFRandCIFabillofladingoraseawaybill.54Thetransportdocumentsmustbe"clean",meaningthattheymustnotcontainclausesornotationsexpresslydeclaringadefectiveconditionofthegoodsand/orthepackaging.Ifsuchclausesornotationsappearinthedocument,itisregardedas"unclean"andwouldthennotbeacceptedbybanksindocumentarycredittransactions.55However,itshouldbenotedthatatransportdocumentevenwithoutsuchclausesornotationswouldusuallynotprovidethebuyerwithincontrovertibleproofasagainstthecarrierthatthegoodswereshippedinconformitywiththestipulationsofthecontractofsale.56InordertoavoiddifficultiesofinterpretingtheircontractthepartiesshouldusethecorrectIncotermwhichisCFR,theonlyworld-wide-acceptedstandardabbreviationfortheterm"CostandFreight(...namedportofdestination)“返回57insuranceThereareonlytwotermswhichdealwithinsurance,namelyCIFandCIP.Underthesetermsthesellerisobligedtoprocureinsuranceforthebenefitofthebuyer.58SinceinthesaleofcommoditiesundertheCIFtermthebuyermaywishtosellthegoodsintransittoasubsequentbuyerwhointurnmaywishtoresellthegoodsagain,itisimpossibletoknowtheinsurancecoversuitabletosuchsubsequentbuyersand,therefore,theminimumcoverunderCIFhastraditionallybeenchosenwiththepossibilityforthebuyertorequirethesellertotakeoutadditionalinsurance.59ItisparticularlyimportantfortheCIP-buyertoobservethis:shouldadditionalcoverberequired,heshouldagreewiththesellerthatthelattercouldtakeoutadditionalinsuranceor,alternatively,arrangeforextendedinsurancecoverhimself.60Therearealsoparticularinstanceswherethebuyermaywishtoobtainevenmoreprotectionthanisavailable61Ifhewishesthesellertoarrangesuchinsurancehemustinstructhimaccordinglyinwhichcasethesellerwouldhavetoprovidesuchinsuranceifprocurable.返回62DtermsIntroductionsDAFDESDEQDDUDDP小结返回63The"D"‑termsaredifferentinnaturefromthe"C"‑terms,sincetheselleraccordingtothe"D"‑termsisresponsibleforthearrivalofthegoodsattheagreedplaceorpointofdestinationattheborderorwithinthecountryofimport.64Thesellermustbearallrisksandcostsinbringingthegoodsthereto.Hence,the"D"‑termssignifyarrivalcontracts,whilethe"C"‑termsevidencedeparture(shipment)contracts.返回65DAFDELIVEREDATFRONTIER(...namedplace)"Deliveredatfrontier"meansthattheseller'sobligationsarefulfilledwhenthegoodshavearrivedatthefrontierbutbeforethecustomsborderofthecountrynamedinthesalescontract.66Thetermisprimarilyusedwhengoodsarecarriedbyrailortruck.Thesellerbearsthefullcostandriskindeliveringthegoodsuptothispoint,butthebuyermustarrangeandpayforthegoodstoclearcustoms.返回67DESDELIVEREDEXSHIP(...namedportofdestination)Meansthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronboardtheshipattheplacenamedinthesalescontract.68Thesellerbearsthefullcostandriskinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.Thecostofunloadingthegoodsandanycustomsdutiesmustbepaidbythebuyer.返回69DEQDELIVEREDEXQUAY(...namedportofdestination)Meansthesellerhasagreedtomakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronthequayorwharfattheplacenamedinthesalescontract.70Thesellerbearsthefullcostandrisksindeliveringthegoodstothatpointincludingunloading.返回71DDUDELIVEREDDUTYUNPAID(...namedplaceofdestination)Undertheseterms,thesellerfulfillshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenavailabletothebuyer"notcleared"forimportatthepointorplaceofthenameddestination.72Thesellerbearsallcostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothepointorplaceofnameddestination.Thereisnoobligationforimportclearance.返回73DDPDELIVEREDDUTYPAID(...namedplaceofdestination)representstheseller'smaximumobligation.Theterm"DDP."isgenerallyfollowedbywordsindicatingthebuyer'spremises.Itnotesthatthesellerbearsallrisksandallcostsuntilthegoodsaredelivered.74Thistermcanbeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport.Ifthepartieswishtomakeclearthatthesellerisnotresponsibleforcertaincosts,additionalwordshouldbeadded(forexample,"delivereddutypaidexclusiveofVATand/ortaxes").返回75Underthe"D"‑termsexceptDDPthesellerdoesnothavetodeliverthegoodsclearedforimportinthecountryofdestination.76Traditionally,thesellerhadtheobligationtoclearthegoodsforimportunderDEQ,sincethegoodshadtohelandedonthequayandthuswerebroughtintothecountryofimport.77Butowingtochangesincustomsclearanceproceduresinmostcountries,itisnowmoreappropriatethatthepartydomiciledinthecountryconcernedundertakestheclearanceandpaysthedutiesandothercharges.78Thus,achangeinDEQhasbeenmadeforthesamereasonasthechangeinFASpreviouslymentioned.AsinFAS,inDEQthechangehasbeenmarkedwithcapitallettersinthepreamble.返回791、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路。七月-21七月-21Thursday,July22,20212、成功源于不懈的努力，人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。22:02:3122:02:3122:027/22/202110:02:31PM3、每天只看目标，别老想障碍。七月-2122:02:3122:02Jul-2122-Jul-214、宁愿辛苦一阵子，不要辛苦一辈子。22:02:3122:02:3122:02Thursday,July22,20215、积极向上的心态，是成功者的最基本要素。七月-21七月-2122:02:3122:02:31July22,20216、生活总会给你另一个机会，这个机会叫明天。22七月202110:02:31下午22:02:31七月-217、人生就像骑单车，想保持平衡就得往前走。七月2110:02下午七月-2122:02July22,20218、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/7/2222:02:3122:02:3122July20219、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利，在绝望中寻求希望。10:02:31下午10:02下午22:02:31七月-2110、一个人的梦想也许不值钱，但一个人的努力很值钱。7/22/202110:02:31PM22:02:3122-七月-2111、在真实的生命里，每桩伟业都由信心开始，并由信心跨出第一步。7/22/202110:02PM7/22/202110:02PM七月-21七月-21谢谢大家1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路2021/7/2222:02:3122:022、成功源于不懈的努力，人生最大的敌人是自己怯懦。22:02:3122:02:3122:027/22/202110:02:31PM3、每天只看目标，别老想障碍Thursday,July22,2021。七月-2122:02:3122:02Monday,July19,202122-Jul-214、宁愿辛苦一阵子，不要辛苦一辈子10:02:31下午。22:02:3122:02:3122:02Thursday,July22,20215、积极向上的心态，是成功者的最基本要素22:02:31。七月-21七月-2122:02:3122:02:31July22,20216、生活总会给你另一个机会，七月-2110:02:31PM10:02:31下午22:02:31七月-217、人生就像骑单车，想保持平衡就得往前走21:19:48七月-2122:02July22,20218、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/7/2222:02:3122:02:3122July20219、我们必须在失败中寻找胜利Thursday,July22,2021七月-2110、一个人的梦想也许不值钱，但一个人的努力很值钱。7/22/202110:02:31PM22:02:3122-七月-2111、在真实的生命里，每桩伟业都由信心开始，并由信心跨出第一步。7/22/202110:02PM7/22/202110:02PM七月-21七月-21谢谢大家