中考英语前后缀汇总

一、前缀

前缀用在词根前面以改变词的意义，一般不改变词性。

1.否定前缀

un-

unhappy, unusual, unfair, unlike, unfriendly, uncomfortable border="1", uncrowded, uneasy, unexpected, unlucky, unbelievable, unable， unforgettable。

im-

impolite, impossible。

in-

inexpensive, incorrect, informal

dis-

dislike, disappointed, discover, discourage, dishonest, disappear, disbelief, disadvantage, disabled。

ir-

irregular

2.其它前缀

re-(表示再，又）

review, recycle, return, reuse, reusable, research

inter-(表示在……之间，相互）

interview, internet, international

under-（表示低于）

underwear, underground

bi-（表示两）

bicycle

I don’t feel happy也可以说成I feel unhappy。

unlike是介词，dislike是动词，在使用时必须注意。

另外，含有否定前缀的词用在反义疑问句中，后面简短的一般疑问句照样要用否定的，如:

1.That’s impossible, isn’t it?

2.He feels unlucky, doesn’t he?

二、后缀

后缀用在词根后面以改变词性。

1.动词变成名词

在一个动词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为名词。

①动词+er/or/ist/ress（表示动作的执行者）

+er

teach-teacher, work-worker, read-reader, think-thinker, perform-performer, wait-waiter, sing-singer, play-player, cook-cooker, record-recorder, keep-keeper, listen-listener, farm-farmer, climb-climber, lead-leader, speak-speaker, report-reporter, clean-cleaner, help-helper

以e结尾的单词，+r

write-writer, drive-driver, dance-dancer, ride-rider, rule-ruler, manage-manager, make-maker

重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，元音发短音时，双写尾字母，再+er

run-runner, win-winner, travel-travel(l)er

+or

visit-visitor, act-actor, invent-inventor, compete-competitor, translate-translator, direct-director

+ist

tour-tourist

+ress

wait-waitress, act-actress

②动词+tion

act-action, suggest-suggestion, communicate-communication, invite-invitation, pollute-pollution, compete-competition, predict-prediction, invent-invention, prepare-preparation, protect-protection, celebrate-celebration, direct-direction, educate-education, examine-examination, inspire-inspiration, introduce-introduction, produce-production, graduate-graduation, pronounce-pronunciation

③动词+ing

draw-drawing, paint-painting, build-building,say-saying ,cross-crossing, happen-happening, end-ending, mean-meaning, feel-feeling, begin-beginning, open-opening

④动词+ment

agree-agreement, disagree-disagreement, develop-development, improve-improvement, encourage-encouragement, punish-punishment, achieve-achievement, manage-management

⑤动词+ance

appear-appearance, disappear-disappearance

⑥动词+sion

express-expression, discuss-discussion, decide-decision

在句子中，如果作主语、宾语、表语，就要把动词改为名词。

用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：

1.He is a basketball_______(play).

2.Thank you for your_________(invite).

3.The teacher is pleased with his ________(improve)in English.

2.名词变成形容词

在一个名词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为形容词。

①名词+ful

thank-thankful, help-helpful, care-careful, use-useful, hope-hopeful, beauty-beautiful, wonder-wonderful, pain-painful, harm-harmful, success-successful, truth-truthful

②名词+less

help-helpless, hope-hopeless, use-useless, care-careless, harm-harmless

③名词+y

rain-rainy, wind-windy, snow-snowy, sun-sunny, fog-foggy, ice-icy, health-healthy, luck-lucky, noise-noisy, sleep-sleepy, thirst-thirsty, hunger-hungry

④名词+ly

week-weekly, love-lovely, friend-friendly, live-lively

⑤名词+al

person-personal, music-musical, tradition-traditional, center-central, nature-natural, culture-cultural, digit-digital, accident-accidental, education-educational, profession-professional, nation-national, medicine-medical, environment-environmental

⑥名词+ous

danger-dangerous, humor-humorous, fame-famous, mystery-mysterious

⑦名词+ern

east-eastern, west-western, south-southern, north-northern, southeast-southeastern

⑧名词+en

wood-wooden, wool-woolen, gold-golden

⑨名词+ish

fool-foolish, self-selfish

⑩名词以ce结尾，把ce改为t

silence-silent, patience-patient, confidence-confident, importance-important, convenience-convenient

在句子中，如果作表语、定语或宾补时，很可能要把名词变成形容词。

1.Look after yourself and keep _____ (health).

2.They are talking about _____ (healthy) problem.

3.You should eat _____ (health) food.

4.Playing basketball keeps me_____(health).

5.We should do more sport and eat______(health).

3.动词变成形容词

动词的现在分词、过去分词可作形容词，或在动词后加上某些后缀也可变成形容词。

①动词+ing（即现在分词）

move-moving, care-caring, understand-understanding, burn-burning, freeze-freezing, fascinate-fascinating, embarrass-embarrassing, surprise-surprising, bore-boring, tire-tiring, excite-exciting, interest-interesting, disappoint-disappointing, frighten-frightening, boil-boiling

②动词+ed（即过去分词）

move-moved, burn-burned（或burnt）, freeze-frozen, embarrass-embarrassed, disappoint-disappointed, surprise-surprised, bore-bored, tire-tired, worry-worried, excite-excited, interest-interested, frighten-frightened, boil-boiled

③动词+able

understand-understandable, forget-forgettable, enjoy-enjoyable, comfort-comfortable, value-valuable, believe-believable

动词和形容词在句子中的作用不同，在使用时要根据实际情况作出变化，当然也要区分现在分词与过去分词所作的形容词，现在分词表示主动或正在进行，多数形容事物；过去分词表示被动或已经完成，多数形容人。如；

1.I am _____ (bore) with the _____ (bore) job.

2.He found the news______(excite).

3.Only when something is lost do we find it______(value).

4.形容词变成副词

除了一些形容词、副词同形的词，如early/late/fast/high/far/hard等以外，大多数形容词后面加上ly变成副词，不过有些要作改变，注意不同的变化情况。

①careful-carefully, real-really, wide-widely, wise-wisely, polite-politely, loud-loudly, gradual-gradually, general-generally, most-mostly, cheap-cheaply, special-specially, cer