1.9 Comparison & Contrast

nullPass the TEM Note WritingPass the TEM Note WritingP.A.S.S. The Organization of a NoteP.A.S.S. The Organization of a Note Purpose (the reason for your note). Assessment (explain the situation). Suggestion (the action to be taken). Summary (repeat your purpose again). This is a guide, not a ‘hard and fast’ rule!Format of the NoteFormat of the NoteDate: Apr. 16, 2011 Greeting: Dear Ms. Wang, Closing: Sincerely, Signature: Middle or Far Right Be Specific!Be Specific!Add details to your note to make it sound fluent. Example: I was sick, or… I was caught in a downpour, I caught a 24-hour flu, I came down with a stomach bug, I was tied up in a rush hour traffic jam, I was tied up in an important homework assignment and lost track of time, I was called away at the last minute by a friend who had been in an accident, my clock was running an hour behind, I developed a low-grade fever that morning… Use a Warm ToneUse a Warm Tone Before composing your note, imagine you are writing to someone you know. After writing the note, imagine you are the one who will receive it. Cultural point about comforting someone.Grammar & PhrasesGrammar & PhrasesTEM NotesExtra PracticeExtra PracticeYou had a party at your home recently, but you unintentionally neglected to invite a close friend of yours – Victoria. Write her a note apologizing for this and explaining how the mistake came about. You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note expressing your concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes. You have come to know that your classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. You are thinking of joining the trip. Write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for the information on two details related to the excursion.Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastApples and OrangesDevices of Expository WritingDevices of Expository WritingProcess Illustration Division & Classification Cause & Effect COMPARISON & CONTRAST DefinitionProcessProcessProcess takes it step by step, one step at a time. Explaining the sequence or order of a task is excellent practice for expository writing which is clear and linear. IllustrationIllustration Illustrations bring a topic out of the clouds and down to earth. They make something abstract and vague into something concrete and tangible.Division & ClassificationDivision & ClassificationDivision & Classification helps you “see the forest for the trees” (and the trees for the forest). Creating detailed organization, it makes the reader see all the parts of a whole very clearly.Cause & EffectCause & EffectA chain is only as strong as its weakest link. By explaining a cause and its many effects, or an effect and its many causes, we show connections of reasons and results. Comparison & ContrastComparison & Contrast “It’s like comparing apples and oranges!” means that two things are not at all alike. Comparison & Contrast shows similarities and differences between two things to explain the specific qualities of those things more clearly.Apples to OrangesApples to Oranges Similarities Both are fruit. Both are round. Both have peels. Both grow on trees. Both are similar sizes. Both are expensive. Differences Sweet / Tart Red / Orange Shiny / Matte Smooth / Rough Whole / Sections Not Citrus / Citrus Edible Peel / Non-Edible Comparison & ContrastComparison & Contrast An Odyssey of the Mind: Thinking Outside of the BoxComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastIn this part of the lesson, we will learn and practice: Thinking Outside of the Box Pre-Writing Practice for Writing Comparison & Contrast EssaysComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastTake A Break!Take A Break!Rolling Stone Reporters: Pop Culture JournalismRolling Stone Reporters: Pop Culture Journalism Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastWhen choosing topics:When choosing topics: Often, the most interesting comparison & contrast essays are the ones which compare two things that seem really different, but which are the same in one really important way!Comparison & ContrastComparison & Contrast In this part of the lesson, we will learn and practice using: The Three Purposes of Comparison & Contrast Essays Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastThis kind of paper should explain or inform for one of the three following reasons: To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar. To help us learn about something new by comparing it to something old. To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another thing. To show how one thing is better than the other thing. To show the reader similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them. To help us understand advantages and disadvantages of both things. Comparison & ContrastComparison & Contrast To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar. Venn DiagramVenn DiagramA Venn Diagram is a visual tool which shows how two things are alike, and how they are different. Very useful when developing an essay by Comparison & Contrast! Although these two musicians seem very different at first, there are two unique similarities between them which are really worth exploring. Madonna Ani Difranco Madonna Ani DifrancoWorld Famous Mainstream Pop Filthy Rich Older Star Glamorous Underground Grassroots Folk Modestly Wealthy Younger Star Earthy Songs About Women’s Issues (teen pregnancy, body image, sexual identity, domestic violence…) Social Justice Causes: Charity, Human Rights Groups Madonna Faye Wong Madonna Faye WongComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastTo show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another thing. Eminem The Beastie Boys Eminem The Beastie BoysRap Lyrics about Society’ Problems and Equality Spend Lots of Time with their Families Both are White Rap Artists Both have Strong Powerful Beats in their MusicRaps Lyrics about Abusing Women and Bashing Gays Is Not at All a “Family Man” Eminem Zhou Jie Lun Eminem Zhou Jie LunComparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastTo show the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them. Avril Pink Avril PinkMainstream Fame Worldwide (Notably in Asia) Canadian Somewhat More Traditional Image Married & Divorced (to a singer) International Fame (Mostly in the West) American Has more of an Underground Image Married (to a racer) & Expecting a Baby Both have a Punk-Pop Style Both Sing about Empowering Girls Both are Involved in Charity Work Both have Worked in Cartoon Movies Avril Lavigne Jolin Cai Avril Lavigne Jolin CaiComparison & ContrastComparison & Contrast In this part of the lesson, we will learn and practice: The Rules of Writing Comparison & Contrast EssaysComparison & Contrast: Rule OneComparison & Contrast: Rule OneOnly items (usually two) of the same general class can be compared and contrasted. Musician to Musician Genre to Genre Song to Song Instrument to Instrument Remember that lots of differences but one key similarity makes the essay more interesting.Comparison & Contrast: Rule TwoComparison & Contrast: Rule Two These essays usually follow a subject-by-subject or point-by-point pattern of organization. This is a little bit connected to the way you divide and classify your information; just like the picture card activity from class. Subject-By-SubjectSubject-By-SubjectThesis: The Beastie Boys are Socially Superior to Eminem. Introduction Eminem A. Sound (Brilliant and Driving) B. Lyrics (Misogynist and Homophobic) C. Personal Life (Abusive and Violent) III. Beastie Boys A. Sound (Brilliant and Driving) B. Lyrics (Socially Conscious) C. Personal Lives (Family Oriented) IV. ConclusionPoint-By-PointPoint-By-PointThesis: The Beastie Boys are Socially Superior to Eminem. Introduction Sound A. Eminem B. Beastie Boys III. Lyrics A. Eminem B. Beastie Boys IV. Personal Lives A. Eminem B. Beastie Boys V. ConclusionComparison & Contrast: Rule ThreeComparison & Contrast: Rule Three 3. These essays must have balance, parallel development, and equal treatment. Therefore, your outline and transition words are very important in these essays.Comparison & Contrast: Rule FourComparison & Contrast: Rule Four The comparison and contrast should be supported by concrete, relevant facts. It must not be generalized or superficial. Example: Eminem raps about his daughter not recognizing him because he is always on tour, but the Beastie Boys play less shows so they can be home with their kids. This, of course, goes back to our lesson about illustration and the drawing of Emei Shan.Comparison & Contrast: Rule FiveComparison & Contrast: Rule FiveA comparison and contrast shows similarities and differences… to make a point. Madonna and Ani Difranco Both are activists for women’s rights. Beastie Boys and Eminem The social responsibility of hip hop artists. Country and Rock & Roll Both are central to American culture. Beethoven & John Lennon Both were radicals in their time. This indirectly ties in with the matter of cause & effect.Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastRolling Stone Practice Article Working together in pairs, make a Venn Diagram for the similarities and differences between rappers Kayne West and 50 Cent, based on the article excerpts. Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastRolling Stone Practice Article What pattern is used in the article? Subject-by-Subject, or Point-by-Point? What is the purpose of the article? To introduce something new, to show how one thing is better than the other, or to help the reader evaluate the two things? Is the article balanced? In what way? What concrete facts and illustrations can you find? What kinds of transitions are used?Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastHomework: Choose two bands, musicians, instruments, songs, or music genres which you would like to compare and contrast. One of them should be Chinese, the other should be Western. Make a Venn Diagram of the similarities and differences between the two things. Then create an outline for a comparison and contrast essay, based on your diagram, either subject-by-subject or point-by-point.HomeworkHomeworkWrite a compare and contrast expository essay based upon that Venn diagram and outline. The rubric will guide you to write the paper. The task is 2-3 typed pages, double-spaced. It is due two weeks later.Comparison & ContrastComparison & ContrastAnalogy An extended metaphor or simile. Compares similarities of two things in different classes. Not equal or balanced treatment. One thing is only used to explain the other. That thing is very familiar. It is used to support a point. It provides insight or a new perspective. An analogy can’t prove anything. AnalogyAnalogy Pop Music is Like A Revolving Door: The One-Hit-Wonder Phenomenon Devices of Expository WritingDevices of Expository WritingProcess takes one step at a time. Illustration brings a topic out of the clouds and down to earth. Division and Classification shows the forest for the trees. Cause and Effect shows that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Comparison and Contrast is like talking about apples and oranges. Definition…TEM ApplicationsTEM ApplicationsThese are TEM-related examples of comparing and contrasting two things to help evaluate them and also to show which, in your opinion, is superior. College Life and Middle School Life? (1996)College Life and Middle School Life? (1996) Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students’ Union to write a passage entitled: The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life.Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (2004)Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (2004) Nowadays, young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion?Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money? (2006)Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money? (2006) Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students [in eight major cities]. The results have shown that 67% of students think that saving money is a good habit, while the rest believe that using tomorrow’s money is better. What do you think?Career or Post-Graduate Study?Career or Post-Graduate Study? Many senior year students face the choice of either getting a job after graduation or continuing their postgraduate study. Career or degree? Every graduate’s decision. Which would you prefer? Experience or Books?Experience or Books? It has been said that “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Some people think that experience teaches us more than books. In your opinion, which is more important – experience or books? Work for a Large Company or Small Company?Work for a Large Company or Small Company? Some people prefer to work for a large company, while others prefer to work for a small company. What is your view? City or Countryside?City or Countryside? When students graduate, some prefer to look for a job in the big cities while others prefer to move to the countryside. Which do you prefer? Stay in One Place or Move Around?Stay in One Place or Move Around? Some people frequently move jobs and cities, while others prefer to spend their entire lives in one place. Is it better to stay in one place, or to move around? Which do you prefer?Computers or Books?Computers or Books? Your university has enough money to purchase either computers for students or books for the library. Which should your university choose to buy – computers or books? What is your recommendation? Famous University or Major?Famous University or Major?It is widely accepted that to be admitted to a prestigious university is crucial for one’s future career. However, others also argue it’s better to choose one’s favorite major in an ordinary university if he can’t be offered the same one by a famous university. What’s more important – a famous university, or your preferred major?