异丙托溴铵气雾剂 转

异丙托溴铵气雾剂 转 异丙托溴铵气雾剂 【英文名称】 Ipratropium Bromide 【药理作用及用途】 抗胆碱药，对抗迷走神经释放的乙酰胆碱起舒张支气管作用。 用于慢性阻塞性肺部疾病，如慢性支气管炎、肺气肿等引起的支气管痉挛、喘息的缓解和维持治疗。 【用法及用量】 ?喷雾剂(成年人和14岁以上儿童):每次2喷(40μg)，每日3,4次或每4小时1次，严重者可每次2,3喷，每2小时重复应用1次。 ?雾化吸入液(成年人和14岁以上儿童):每次0.4,2ml(100,500μg)，置雾化器中吸入至症状缓解。 ?14岁以下儿童每次用0.2,1ml(50,250μg)依上法应用。 【不良反应】 类似阿托品，可引起心悸、头痛、头晕、神经质、恶心、呕吐、消化道疼痛、震颤、视物模糊、口干、咳嗽，排尿困难、呼吸道症状加重以及皮疹等。 在临床试验中最常见的非呼吸道的不良事件是头痛、恶心和口干。 由于药品全身吸收很少，其抗胆碱能副作用如心率增加和心悸、眼部调节障碍、胃肠道蠕动紊乱、尿潴留是很少见的，并且是可逆性的，但对已有尿道梗阻的患者来讲可能增加其尿潴留的危险性。 【注意事项】 ?闭角性青光眼、前列腺肥大、幽门梗阻的患者禁用。 ?哺乳妇、孕妇及儿童慎用。 ?使用时注意勿误入眼部。 ?同其它吸入治疗一样，可观察到支气管扩张性咳嗽、局部刺激，而吸入刺激所产生的支气管收缩较少出现。 过敏样反应如皮疹及舌、唇、脸部血管性水肿，荨麻疹(包括巨型荨麻疹)，喉痉挛和过敏反应均有 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 ，在一些病例中，存在阳性再激发免疫反应。这些患者中有许多人对药物和/或食物包括大豆有过敏史 【规格】 气雾剂: 20μg/喷×200 (10ml) 溶液剂: 每瓶0.025%-20ml 临床研究 【功效主治】 作为支气管扩张剂用于慢性阻塞性肺部疾病引起的支气管痉挛的维持治疗，包括慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。吸入爱全乐的支气管扩张作用基本上是局部的、吸入部位特异性的作用，无全身性作用。 适用于慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、哮喘等慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 the first level to consider when positioning security, roughly the same distance between the point and level to put the stand, can't be moved, dislocation, and so on. Pay attention to the proper use and care of leveling. (6) level: find the anchor position after take levels, in anchor horizontal, horizontal lines with fine steel wire cable, while tightly tightening, ensure the wire level. (7) measurement errors: in horizontal line after the measure on the face. Mainly for horizontal measurement, also check the axis (axis positioning) q errors. By measuring the results of analyzing the cause of error, check the relevant specification (construction) requirements for error values, within the specified error, digestible errors exceeded error shall be settled through consultation with civil party or party. (8) to adjust the error: ... (3) familiar with their location and adjacent location, check the accuracy of segment size. (4) attention to handling errors, strengthen coordination with civil engineering work. (5) check the embedded location is accurate, solid reinforcement. 7. Security, protection: (1) enter the construction site personnel must wear safety helmets, safety belts, shirtless, wearing slippers, slippery-soled shoes is not allowed to enter the site. (2) must be carried out according to the specifications of construction, attention to the safe use of electricity. (3) Note 【化学成分】 抗胆碱能特性的四价铵化合物，每喷含 (8γ)-3a-羟基-8-异丙基-1aH 【药理作用】 本品为抗胆碱类药，具有较强的对支气管平滑肌的松弛作用，对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病有平喘作用，其作用较明显，起效快，持续时间较长。本品还具有控制黏液腺体的分泌及改善纤毛运动的作用，从而减少了痰液阻塞以改善通气，同时痰液的减少也减轻了对支气管的刺激所引起的支气管痉挛。与β-肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂(如异丙基肾上腺素)相比，本品对心血管的副作用小，与β2-受体兴奋剂(如舒喘灵)相比，本品对痰量的调节作用较强。 【药物相互作用】 使用b-肾上腺素能兴奋剂或黄嘌呤类制剂可加强异丙托溴铵气雾剂(爱全乐) 的支气管扩张作用。爱全乐(Atrovent)与其它治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的常用药物包括拟交感神经性支气管扩张剂、甲基黄嘌呤、类固醇、色甘酸二钠等合用，药物间无不良相互作用。 【不良反应】 在临床试验中最常见的非呼吸道的不良事件是头痛、恶心和口干。 由于爱全乐(Atrovent)全身吸收很少，其抗胆碱能副作用如心率增加和心悸、眼部调节障碍、胃肠道蠕动紊乱、尿潴留是很少见的，并且是可逆性的，但对已有尿道梗阻的患者来讲可能增加其尿潴留的危险性。 眼部的副作用见 【禁忌症】 对大豆卵磷脂或有关的食品如大豆和花生过敏者禁用爱全乐(Atrovent)气雾剂。这些患者可以使用不含大豆卵磷脂的爱全乐(Atrovent)的其它剂型如爱全乐(Atrovent)雾化吸入剂。对阿托品或其衍生物或本品其它成份过敏者禁用。 常用的平喘气雾剂主要有三类: 1、β2受体激动剂:如沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵)、特布他林(喘康速)、沙美特罗、克仑特罗等; 2、抗胆碱药:异丙托溴铵，溴化异丙东莨菪碱; 3、皮质激素:倍氯米松((必可酮)，氟替卡松，布地奈德等。 前两类称为止喘类气雾剂，后一类为激素类气雾剂。 复方异丙托溴铵气雾剂，是由异丙托溴铵与沙丁胺醇两类止喘药共同组成的复方制剂，疗效优于单一给药。 该药属于止喘类气雾剂，特点是:起效快，但作用时间较短，治标不治本，一般作为临时用药，有哮喘发作预兆或哮喘发作时，喷雾吸入，必要时可每隔4-8小时吸入一次。长期使用，一是易产生耐药性，二是易增加副作用。 关于复方异丙托溴铵气雾剂的副作用，一般可有心动过速、心悸、头痛、极少数病例出现收缩压升高等。 目前主张，在使用以上止喘气雾剂的同时，可合并使用激素类气雾剂，如倍氯米松(必可酮)、氟替卡松the first level to consider when positioning security, roughly the same distance between the point and level to put the stand, can't be moved, dislocation, and so on. Pay attention to the proper use and care of leveling. (6) level: find the anchor position after take levels, in anchor horizontal, horizontal lines with fine steel wire cable, while tightly tightening, ensure the wire level. (7) measurement errors: in horizontal line after the measure on the face. Mainly for horizontal measurement, also check the axis (axis positioning) q errors. By measuring the results of analyzing the cause of error, check the relevant specification (construction) requirements for error values, within the specified error, digestible errors exceeded error shall be settled through consultation with civil party or party. (8) to adjust the error: ... (3) familiar with their location and adjacent location, check the accuracy of segment size. (4) attention to handling errors, strengthen coordination with civil engineering work. (5) check the embedded location is accurate, solid reinforcement. 7. Security, protection: (1) enter the construction site personnel must wear safety helmets, safety belts, shirtless, wearing slippers, slippery-soled shoes is not allowed to enter the site. (2) must be carried out according to the specifications of construction, attention to the safe use of electricity. (3) Note 等。该类药物对哮喘治疗虽然起效慢，一般在应用1~2周后，发挥作用，但疗效较持久，可较长时间持续用药，对哮喘有预防治疗作用。 建议 关于小区增设电动车充电建议给教师的建议PDF智慧城市建议书pdf给教师的36条建议下载税则修订调整建议表下载 你在开始时，先用复方异丙托溴铵气雾剂控制症状，同时与 激素类气雾剂(如必可酮或氟替卡松)交替使用，两周后等激素类吸入剂起效后，可减少复方异丙托溴铵气雾剂的用量，或暂停用。 喉痉挛 喉痉挛(laryngospasm)指喉部肌肉反射性痉挛收缩,使声带内收,声门部分或完全关闭而导致病人出现不同程度的呼吸困难甚至完全性的呼吸道梗阻。 急性喉阻塞常常突然出现较为严重的症状，如喉水肿、喉外伤等。一些慢性阻塞，如喉肿物，虽然阻塞症状随肿物生长而逐渐加重，一旦有粘稠分泌物停滞于声门时也会骤然出现喉阻塞的症状。 (一)吸气性呼吸困难和缺氧。吸气性呼吸困难表现为吸气运动加强、吸气时间延长，吸气深而慢，感觉吸气费力，可见到吸气时鼻翼煽动，胸骨上窝凹陷，继续加重则吸气时由于胸腔负压增加，锁骨上下窝、肋间隙、剑突下窝发生吸气性凹陷。由于缺氧而出现烦躁，坐卧不安，严重缺氧则出现四肢发冷、面色苍白或紫绀、额部出冷汗、血压升高，甚致出现心力衰竭、昏迷、死亡。 (二)声音改变。引起喉阻塞的病变在声门或声门附近者声音嘶哑多为首发症状，病变部位在室带或者声门下者声音嘶亚出现晚或不出现，但在呼吸时可能产生哮吼或笛鸣声。 (三)喘鸣。喘鸣是喉阻塞的另一个重要症状，吸入气流急速通过狭窄的声门裂时，气流的摩擦和声带颤动即可发出哮吼和笛鸣，声音可传至邻室。 目前喉痉挛没有什么特效的治疗方法。 古训有:吃不言，睡不语。 在吃饭时说笑，则容易使食物、汤液误入气道，引发呛咳，甚至引起喉痉挛，使患者声门闭锁，既吸不进气，也呼不出气，不能言语，濒临窒息。在这危急时刻，若能及时点按天突穴，则可解除喉痉挛，使患者转危为安。 天突穴位于喉结下方2寸处，正当胸骨上凹窝的中央。 施术方法:患者迅速用中指或食指指腹按揉天突穴，直至喉中发出细长声响、能以透气为度。 天突穴隶属任脉，是任脉与阴维脉在咽喉的交会穴，具有宣肺平喘、清咽开音、消塞散结及通利气机之功效，临床常用于治疗咳嗽、哮喘、咽喉炎、膈肌痉挛、食道痉挛及声带疾病等。现代临床医学研究表明，刺激天突穴，可暂时阻断局部周围神经的传导冲动，减弱神经系统对喉及呼吸道黏膜受刺激的兴奋性，从而使喉肌痉挛紧张度下降，窒息危急得以解除。the first level to consider when positioning security, roughly the same distance between the point and level to put the stand, can't be moved, dislocation, and so on. Pay attention to the proper use and care of leveling. (6) level: find the anchor position after take levels, in anchor horizontal, horizontal lines with fine steel wire cable, while tightly tightening, ensure the wire level. (7) measurement errors: in horizontal line after the measure on the face. Mainly for horizontal measurement, also check the axis (axis positioning) q errors. By measuring the results of analyzing the cause of error, check the relevant specification (construction) requirements for error values, within the specified error, digestible errors exceeded error shall be settled through consultation with civil party or party. (8) to adjust the error: ... (3) familiar with their location and adjacent location, check the accuracy of segment size. (4) attention to handling errors, strengthen coordination with civil engineering work. (5) check the embedded location is accurate, solid reinforcement. 7. Security, protection: (1) enter the construction site personnel must wear safety helmets, safety belts, shirtless, wearing slippers, slippery-soled shoes is not allowed to enter the site. (2) must be carried out according to the specifications of construction, attention to the safe use of electricity. (3) Note 临床经验表明，点按天突穴，是医院外现场救治急性痉挛的简便有效方法。当然，有条件者 应及时去医院就诊。 the first level to consider when positioning security, roughly the same distance between the point and level to put the stand, can't be moved, dislocation, and so on. Pay attention to the proper use and care of leveling. (6) level: find the anchor position after take levels, in anchor horizontal, horizontal lines with fine steel wire cable, while tightly tightening, ensure the wire level. (7) measurement errors: in horizontal line after the measure on the face. Mainly for horizontal measurement, also check the axis (axis positioning) q errors. By measuring the results of analyzing the cause of error, check the relevant specification (construction) requirements for error values, within the specified error, digestible errors exceeded error shall be settled through consultation with civil party or party. (8) to adjust the error: ... (3) familiar with their location and adjacent location, check the accuracy of segment size. (4) attention to handling errors, strengthen coordination with civil engineering work. (5) check the embedded location is accurate, solid reinforcement. 7. Security, protection: (1) enter the construction site personnel must wear safety helmets, safety belts, shirtless, wearing slippers, slippery-soled shoes is not allowed to enter the site. (2) must be carried out according to the specifications of construction, attention to the safe use of electricity. (3) Note