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Trauma
Pelvic
Atlas of Pelvic
Fractures
Dorothy Tamayo,
Harvard Medical School Year III
Gillian Lieberman, MD
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
1
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
1. Case presentation of a patient
2. Menu of diagnostic tests for pelvic trauma
3. Imaging and findings from patient
4. Normal pelvic anatomy
5. Abnormal pelvic anatomy of our patient
6. Statistics of pelvic fractures
7. Common pelvic fractures classificaton
8. Examples of common pelvic fractures on radiograph
9. Classification of our patients fracture
Table of Contents
2
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
Patient is a 21-year-old woman who
was struck by a motor vehicle at high speed,
while crossing the street.
By report she was thrown approximately 100 feet.
She arrived intubated and sedated.
Stable after receiving 4 L of crystalloid,
packed red blood cells and FFP
Patient
Presentation
9.19.2011
Image from Bidmc PACS
3
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Menu of Diagnostic Tests for
Pelvic Trauma
Ultrasound: Check for hemoperotoneum
Plain radiograph: Inlet, outlet and Judet (oblique) views
CT scan: Gold standard
Retrograde cystourethrogram: If suspected GU trauma
Diagnostic peritoneal aspirate: If hemodynamically
unstable
4
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Portable chest
CT head w/o contrast
CT C-spine w/o contrast
CT chest w/contrast
CT abd and pelvis w/contrast
Foot xray
Patient requires full-body CT scan
Imaging Obtained for Our Patient
Image from Bidmc PACS
5
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Pelvic fractures
Spinous process fracture C6-T4
R Pneumothorax
Lacerated liver
Comminuted fracture of humerus
Sternoclavicular dislocation
Multiple rib fractures
Imaging Findings from Our Patients
6
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Normal Pelvic Anatomy
Posted by Dr.Sunil http://basicxray.blogspot.com/
7
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Normal Pelvic Anatomy: Contours
Iliopectineal Line
Ilioischial Line
Anterior Acetabular Wall
Posterior Acetabular Wall
Obturator Foramen
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content-nw/full/187/4/915/FIG3
8
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Normal Pelvic Anatomy: Ligaments
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacroiliac ligament
Pubic symphysis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray319.png
9
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Pelvic fracture present in:
Bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami
Sacroiliac joints
Sacrum
Abnormal Pelvic Anatomy of Our Patient
Images from Bidmc PACS
10
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Most common mechanism of pelvic fracture:
MVA 58%
Pedestrian struck by vehicle 22%
Falls 30%
Associated injuries with pelvic trauma:
Venous hemorrhage 38%
Visceral injury 17%
Bladder/urethra injury 6%
Nerve deficits 15%
Thoracic aorta rupture 1%
Statistics on Pelvic Trauma
www.uptodate.com+adult-pelvic-trauma; James Fiecht
11
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Most Common Fractures of the Pelvis
Lateral Compression
AnteroPosterior
Compression
Vertical Shear Injury
www.uptodate.com+adult-pelvic-trauma; James Fiecht
The blue arrows illustrate the force direction.
A) Lateral compression injuries with subsequent bilateral involvement as forces increase;
B) Anteroposterior injuries with progression of injury;
C) Vertical shear injury.
Burgess, AR, Eastridge, BJ, Young, JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions:
effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma, 1990, 30:848.
12
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Lateral Compression Fracture: Type I
Most common
A) Type I lateral compression fracture with bilateral superior and inferior rami fractures and left sacral fracture.
B) Inlet view showing greater detail of the pelvic ring disruption.
C) Outlet view illustrating greater detail of the sacral fracture in addition to the bilateral rami fractures.
Images from Jim Fiechtl, MD.
www.uptodate.com+adult-pelvic-trauma; James Fiecht
Sacral fracture on side of impact
13
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Lateral Compression Fracture: Type II
Crescent “Iliac wing”
Crescent fracture on side of impact
A) Type II lateral compression fracture with left sided rami and sacral fractures.
B) CT scan illustrating the classic crescent fracture pattern.
Images from Jim Fiechtl, MD.
14
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Lateral Compression Fracture: Type III
“Wind swept pelvis”
“crescent and open book”
Type I or II crescent injury
with contralateral open book injury
(B) Anteroposterior plain radiograph;
(C) CT scan.
Images from Sagi, Claude. Lower extremity: Pelvic ring fractures.
In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, vol 2, 7th ed, Bucholz, RW, Court-Brown, CM, Heckman, JD, Tornetta,
15
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
AP Compression Fracture: Type I
Usually less than 2cm spread with intact posterior
Pelvic ring ligaments
(B) Plain radiograph with outlet view.
Images from: Sagi, Claude. Lower extremity: Pelvic ring fractures.
In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, vol 2, 7th ed, Bucholz, RW, Court-Brown, CM, Heckman, JD, Tornetta
16
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
AP Compression Fracture: Type II
Opening of sacoiliac joint, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous
ligaments
AP radiograph; Sagi, Claude. Lower extremity: Pelvic ring fractures.
In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, vol 2, 7th ed, Bucholz, RW, Court-Brown, CM,
Heckman, JD, Tornetta, P (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2010.
17
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
AP Compression Fracture: Type III
Complete disruption of sacroiliac joint
(B) AP radiograph;
from: Sagi, Claude. Lower extremity: Pelvic ring fractures. In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults,
vol 2, 7th ed, Bucholz, RW, Court-Brown, CM, Heckman, JD, Tornetta, P (Eds)
18
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Vertical Shear Stress Fracture
Wide pubic symphysis, broken SI ligament with
unilateral or bilateral rami fracture
(B) AP radiograph; (C) 3-dimensional reconstruction from a CT scan.
from: Sagi, Claude. Lower extremity: Pelvic ring fractures. In: Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults,
vol 2, 7th ed, Bucholz, RW, Court-Brown, CM, Heckman, JD, Tornetta, P (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
19
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Patient’s Injury Classified
Vertical Shear: broken SI ligament with bilateral rami fracture
Images from Bidmc PACS
20
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Surgery to Stabilize Our Patient’s Pelvis
Image from Bidmc PACS
21
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Follow up Removal of Hardware
and Stabilization of SI Joints
Image from Bidmc PACS
22
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Summary
Lateral Compression
AnteroPosterior
Compression
Vertical Shear Injury
www.uptodate.com+adult-pelvic-trauma; James Fiecht
Burgess, AR, Eastridge, BJ, Young, JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions:
effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma, 1990, 30:848.
With our patient showing evidence for vertical shear
23
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
Thanks!
Dr. Gillian Lieberman, Course Director
Emily Hanson, Educational Coordinator
Daniel Barkhuff, MS3 involved in case
24
Dorothy Tamayo, MS3
Gillian Lieberman, MD
9.19.2011
References
Bramos A Velmahos GC, Butt UM, Fikry K, Smith RM Chang Y. Predictors of bleeding from stable pelvic fractures. SourceDivision of
Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Grotz MR, Allami MK, Harwood P, et al. Open pelvic fractures: epidemiology, current concepts of management and outcome. Injury
2005.
Dente CJ, Feliciano DV, Rozycki GS, et al. The outcome of open pelvic fractures in the modern era. Am J Surg 2005
Giannoudis PV, Grotz MR, Papakostidis C, Dinopoulos H. Operative treatment of displaced fractures of the acetabulum. A meta-
analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005
Hauschild O, Strohm PC, Culemann U, et al. Mortality in patients with pelvic fractures: results from the German pelvic injury
register. J Trauma 2008
Sathy AK, Starr AJ, Smith WR, et al. The effect of pelvic fracture on mortality after trauma: an analysis of 63,000 trauma patients.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009
Balogh Z, King KL, Mackay P, et al. The epidemiology of pelvic ring fractures: a population-based study. J Trauma 2007
Laird A, Keating JF. Acetabular fractures: a 16-year prospective epidemiological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content-nw/full/187/4/915/FIG3
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