2020高考英语新冠病毒相关知识点总结(共41张PPT)精品文档

2020高考英语新冠病毒相关知识点"Wenowhaveanameforthediseaseandit'sCOVID-19,"WHOchiefTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesustoldreportersinGeneva."Wehadtofindanamethatdidnotrefertoageographicallocation,ananimal,anindividualorgroupofpeople,andwhichisalsopronounceableandrelatedtothedisease,"theWHOchiefsaid."Havinganamematterstopreventtheuseofothernamesthatcanbeinaccurateorstigmatizing.Italsogivesusastandardformattouseforanyfuturecoronavirusoutbreaks."Astandardname：covid-19在日内瓦，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞对记者表示：“我们将这个疾病命名为COVID-19。”这个名字COVID-19来源于corona（冠状）、virus（病毒）以及disease（疾病）三个词，而19则代表这个疾病出现的年份2019年。新冠肺炎疫情是在2019年12月31日上报至世界卫生组织的。我们要取的名字不能指向某个地理位置、某个动物、某个人或群体，同时这个名字要易读，且与该疾病相关。novelcoronavirusnovelad.新型的anovelfeature（新特性）coronavirus/kəˈronəvaɪrəs/冠状病毒corona冠状物，日冕，光圈virus病毒Beforethisoutbreak,sixcoronaviruseshadbeenidentifiedinhumans.Fourcausedrelativelymildcold-likesymptomswhiletheothertwo,SarsandMiddleEastrespiratorysyndrome(Mers),canbefatal.此次疫情爆发之前，已知的人类冠状病毒有6种。四种引起相对轻度的类似感冒症状，而另外两种——非典和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)——可能致命。Relatedwordsfatal/ˈfeɪtl/：a.致命的；毁灭性的；灾难性的infectiousdisease/ɪnˈfekʃəsdɪˈziːz/：传染病infectious/ɪnˈfekʃəs/：a.传染的infectv.传染；感染infection/ɪnˈfekʃn/：n.传染pneumonia/nuˈmoʊnɪə/n.肺炎pneumon肺get/catchpneumonia得肺炎virusoutbreak病毒爆发geographicallocations地理位置people'snames人名thenameofananimalorakindoffood动物或食物的名字referencestoaparticularcultureorindustry指向特定文化或行业WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织InternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses国际病毒分类委员会humaninfectiousdisease人类传染病nucleicacidtest核酸检测respiratorydiseases呼吸道疾病avianinfluenzavirus禽流感病毒closecontacts密切接触者incubationperiod潜伏期suspectedcase疑似病例confirmedcase确诊病例undermedicalobservation接受医学观察epidemiologicalinvestigation流行病学调查containtheoutbreak遏制疫情爆发strictisolationpolicy严格隔离政策carryingthevirus携带病毒superspreader超级传染源reimbursementformedicalexpenses医疗费用报销tightsuppliesinlargeareasofChina中国大部分地区口罩供应紧张human-to-humantransmission人传人infectionofmedicalworker医务人员感染theairbycoughingandsneezing经由空气传播，比如咳嗽、打喷嚏closepersonalcontact,suchastouchingorshakinghands通过人与人之间的近距离接触传播，比如触摸或者握手touchinganobjectorsurfacewiththevirusonit,thentouchingyourmouth,nose,oreyesbeforewashingyourhands通过触摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面传播，原因在于没洗手就触摸嘴、鼻和眼睛rarely,fecalcontamination还有一种比较少见的，就是通过粪便传染Cleanhandswithsoapandwateroralcohol-basedhandrub.用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液洗手。Covernoseandmouthwhencoughingandsneezingwithtissueorflexedelbow.咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用面巾纸或屈肘捂住口鼻。Avoidclosecontactwithanyonewithcoldorflu-likesymptoms.避免跟有感冒或流感症状的人密切接触。Thoroughlycookmeatandeggs.将肉类和鸡蛋彻底煮熟。Avoidunprotectedcontactwithlivewildorfarmanimals.避免在未加防护的情况下接触野生动物或家畜。Intwopatients,avirusbelongingtothefamilyCoronaviridaewasisolated.在二名患者中，分离出冠状病毒家族的一员。Besides,thiscoronavirusisanewkindofviruswhichbelongstoamutatedstrainandourbodycannotrecognizeit.除此以外，冠状病毒是一种新型的变异病毒，它不能被我们的身体识别。ChinasituationChinesereports36newCOVID-19infectionsonWednesday,with35beingimportedcases,withcumulativeinfectionsof8,2722andcumulativerecoveredpatientsof7,6451.CDC-CenersfortheDiseaseContolandPretectionn,isrespondingtoanoutbreakofrespiratoryillnesscausedbyanovel(new)coronavirus.TheoutbreakfirststartedinWuhan,China,butcaseshavebeenidentifiedinagrowingnumberofotherlocationsinternationally,includingtheUnitedStates.InadditiontoCDC,manypublichealthlaboratoriesarenowtestingforthevirusthatcausesCOVID-19.TotalcasesbyApril2:213,372USsituationJurisdictionsreportingcases:55(50states,DistrictofColumbia,PuertoRico,Guam,theNorthernMarianaIslands,andtheU.S.VirginIslands)DataincludebothconfirmedandpresumptivepositivecasesofCOVID-19reportedtoCDCortestedatCDCsinceJanuary21,2020,withtheexceptionoftestingresultsforpersonsrepatriatedtotheUnitedStatesfromWuhan,ChinaandJapan.Stateandlocalpublichealthdepartmentsarenowtestingandpubliclyreportingtheircases.IntheeventofadiscrepancybetweenCDCcasesandcasesreportedbystateandlocalpublichealthofficials,datareportedbystatesshouldbeconsideredthemostuptodate.ItaliasituationOnJanuary31,whentheItaliangovernmentannouncedthesuspensionofalldirectflightstoandfromChinaamidtheoutbreakofCOVID-19,Italyhadonlytwocasesofcoronavirus.Today,twomonthsafterthesuspensionofdirectflightswithChina,COVID-19caseshavesurgeddramatically,reachinguptomorethan110,574casesasofApril2,whilethetotleoftheglobehasreachedover93thousand.Virusesknownonationalboundariesorraces,andonlybyworkingtogethercanmankindwinthebattleagainstthem.AllnationsshouldbecalledontopushforwardcooperationwithintheframeworksoftheUnitedNationsandtheGroupof20,enhancethesharingofinformationandexperience,boostcollaborationinscientificresearch,supporttheWHOinplayingitsduerole,andimproveglobalhealthgovernance.HowitSpreadsThereiscurrentlynovaccinetopreventcoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19).Thebestwaytopreventillnessistoavoidbeingexposedtothisvirus.Thevirusisthoughttospreadmainlyfromperson-to-person.Betweenpeoplewhoareinclosecontactwithoneanother(withinabout6feet).Throughrespiratorydropletsproducedwhenaninfectedpersoncoughsorsneezes.Thesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.IfyouthinkyouhavebeenexposedtoCOVID-19anddevelopafeverandsymptoms,suchascoughordifficultybreathing,callyourhealthcareproviderformedicaladvice.WhattodoifsymptemsappearHowtocleananddisinfectWeardisposableglovestocleananddisinfect.Cleansurfacesusingsoapandwater.Practiceroutinecleaningoffrequentlytouchedsurfaces.Cleantheareaoritemwithsoapandwateroranotherdetergentifitisdirty.Then,useahouseholddisinfectant.RecommenduseofEPA-registeredhouseholddisinfectantexternalicon.Followtheinstructionsonthelabeltoensuresafeandeffectiveuseoftheproduct.KeepingsurfacewetforaperiodoftimePrecautionssuchaswearingglovesandmakingsureyouhavegoodventilationduringuseoftheproduct.Dilutedhouseholdbleachsolutionsmayalsobeusedifappropriateforthesurface.Checktoensuretheproductisnotpastitsexpirationdate.Unexpiredhouseholdbleachwillbeeffectiveagainstcoronaviruseswhenproperlydiluted.Followmanufacturer'sinstructionsforapplicationandproperventilation.Nevermixhouseholdbleachwithammoniaoranyothercleanser.Leavesolutiononthesurfaceforatleast1minute.Tomakeableachsolution,mix:5tablespoons(1/3rdcup)bleachpergallonofwaterOR4teaspoonsbleachperquartofwaterAlcoholsolutionswithatleast70%alcohol.SoftsurfacesForsoftsurfacessuchascarpetedfloor,rugs,anddrapesCleanthesurfaceusingsoapandwaterorwithcleanersappropriateforuseonthesesurfaces.Launderitems(ifpossible)accordingtothemanufacturer'sinstructions.Usethewarmestappropriatewatersettinganddryitemscompletely.ORDisinfectwithanEPA-registeredhouseholddisinfectant.ThesedisinfectantsexternaliconmeetEPA'scriteriaforuseagainstCOVID-19.Forelectronics,suchastablets,touchscreens,keyboards,andremotecontrols.ConsiderputtingawipeablecoveronelectronicsFollowmanufacturer'sinstructionforcleaninganddisinfectingIfnoguidance,usealcohol-basedwipesorsprayscontainingatleast70%alcohol.Drysurfacethoroughly.Forclothing,towels,linensandotheritemsWeardisposablegloves.Washhandswithsoapandwaterassoonasyouremovethegloves.Donotshakedirtylaundry.Launderitemsaccordingtothemanufacturer'sinstructions.Usethewarmestappropriatewatersettinganddryitemscompletely.Dirtylaundryfromasickpersoncanbewashedwithotherpeople'sitems.Cleananddisinfectclotheshampersaccordingtoguidanceaboveforsurfaces.Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwaterfor20seconds.Alwayswashimmediatelyafterremovingglovesandaftercontactwithasickperson.Handsanitizer:Ifsoapandwaterarenotreadilyavailableandhandsarenotvisiblydirty,useahandsanitizerthatcontainsatleast60%alcohol.However,ifhandsarevisiblydirty,alwayswashhandswithsoapandwater.AdditionalkeytimestocleanhandsAfterblowingone'snose,coughing,orsneezingAfterusingtherestroomBeforeeatingorpreparingfoodAftercontactwithanimalsorpetsBeforeandafterprovidingroutinecareforanotherpersonwhoneedsassistance(e.g.achild)Avoidtouchingyoureyes,nose,andmouthwithunwashedhands.WhenSomeoneisSickKeepseparatebedroomandbathroomforsickperson(ifpossible)Thesickpersonshouldstayseparatedfromotherpeopleinthehome(asmuchaspossible).Ifyouhaveaseparatebedroomandbathroom:Reducecleaningtoas-needed(e.g.soileditemsandsurfaces)tominimizetheamountofcontactwiththesickperson.Caregiverscanprovidepersonalcleaningsuppliestothesickperson(ifappropriate).Suppliesincludetissues,papertowels,cleaners,andEPA-registereddisinfectantsexternalicon.Ifsharedbathroom:Cleananddisinfectaftereachusebythesickperson.Ifthisisnotpossible,thecaregivershouldwaitaslongaspossiblebeforecleaninganddisinfecting.Stayseparated:Thesickpersonshouldeat(orbefed)intheirroomifpossible.Washdishesandutensilsusingglovesandhotwater:Handleanynon-disposableusedfoodserviceitemswithglovesandwashwithhotwaterorinadishwasher.Cleanhandsafterhandlingusedfoodserviceitems.Dedicated,linedtrashcan:Ifpossible,dedicatealinedtrashcanforthesickperson.Usegloveswhenremovinggarbagebags,andhandlinganddisposingoftrash.Washhandsafterwards.Learnhowyoucanplan,prepare,andcopewithstressbeforeandduringaCOVID-19outbreak.Planandmakedecisionsinadvanceofanillness.Knowhowtoprotectandsupportthechildreninyourcare.Findwaystocopewithstressthatwillmakeyou,yourlovedones,andyourcommunitystronger.HowtoProtectYourselfOlderadultsandpeoplewhohavesevereunderlyingmedicalconditionslikeheartorlungdiseaseordiabetesseemtobeathigherriskfordevelopingmoreseriouscomplicationsfromCOVID-19illness.CleanyourhandsoftenWashyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwaterforatleast20secondsespeciallyafteryouhavebeeninapublicplace,orafterblowingyournose,coughing,orsneezing.Ifsoapandwaterarenotreadilyavailable,useahandsanitizerthatcontainsatleast60%alcohol.Coverallsurfacesofyourhandsandrubthemtogetheruntiltheyfeeldry.Avoidtouchingyoureyes,nose,andmouthwithunwashedhands.AvoidclosecontactwithpeoplewhoaresickPutdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeopleifCOVID-19isspreadinginyourcommunity.Thisisespeciallyimportantforpeoplewhoareathigherriskofgettingverysick.TakestepstoprotectothersStayhomeifyouaresick,excepttogetmedicalcare.Learnwhattodoifyouaresick.Coveryourmouthandnosewithatissuewhenyoucoughorsneezeorusetheinsideofyourelbow.Throwusedtissuesinthetrash.Immediatelywashyourhandswithsoapandwaterforatleast20seconds.Ifsoapandwaterarenotreadilyavailable,cleanyourhandswithahandsanitizerthatcontainsatleast60%alcohol.IfyouaresickYoushouldwearafacemaskwhenyouarearoundotherpeople(e.g.,sharingaroomorvehicle)andbeforeyouenterahealthcareprovider'soffice.Ifyouarenotabletowearafacemask(forexample,becauseitcausestroublebreathing),thenyoushoulddoyourbesttocoveryourcoughsandsneezes,andpeoplewhoarecaringforyoushouldwearafacemaskiftheyenteryourroom.IfyouareNOTsickYoudonotneedtowearafacemaskunlessyouarecaringforsomeonewhoissick(andtheyarenotabletowearafacemask).Facemasksmaybeinshortsupplyandtheyshouldbesavedforcaregivers.CleanANDdisinfectfrequentlytouchedsurfacesdaily.Thisincludestables,doorknobs,lightswitches,countertops,handles,desks,phones,keyboards,toilets,faucets,andsinks.Ifsurfacesaredirty,cleanthem:Usedetergentorsoapandwaterpriortodisinfection.MostcommonEPA-registeredhouseholddisinfectantswillwork.Usedisinfectantsappropriateforthesurface.Dilutingyourhouseholdbleach.Tomakeableachsolution,mix:5tablespoons(1/3rdcup)bleachpergallonofwaterOR4teaspoonsbleachperquartofwaterFollowmanufacturer'sinstructionsforapplicationandproperventilation.Checktoensuretheproductisnotpastitsexpirationdate.Nevermixhouseholdbleachwithammoniaoranyothercleanser.Unexpiredhouseholdbleachwillbeeffectiveagainstcoronaviruseswhenproperlydiluted.Ensuresolutionhasatleast70%alcohol.OthercommonEPA-registeredhouseholddisinfectants.ProductswithEPA-approvedemergingviralpathogens pdficon[7pages]externaliconclaimsareexpectedtobeeffectiveagainstCOVID-19basedondataforhardertokillviruses.Followthemanufacturer'sinstructionsforallcleaninganddisinfectionproducts.Wishyouhealthy!