六级2019-6-3

机密启用前★大学 英语六级 英语六级作文预测2018年英语六级作文预测大学英语六级词汇表大学英语六级词汇大全大学英语六级词汇 考试ＣＯＬＬＥＧＥＥＮＧＬＩＳＨＴＥＳＴ—ＢａｎｄＳｉｘ—（２０１９年６月第３套） 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条答题卡的印刷质量如有问题及时向监考员反映、，，确认无误后完成以下两点 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内并将姓名和，准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号姓名和学校名称并、，用HB2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑⁃。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一，律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文听力阅读翻译各部分考试作、、、，答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册听力录音播放完毕后请立即停止作答监考员将立。，，即收回答题卡1得到监考员指令后方可继续作答，。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区，域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题错选不选或多选将不得分作答时必须使用HB2B铅笔在答题，、，⁃卡上相应位置填涂修改时须用橡皮擦净，。三、以下情况按违规处理：1.未正确填写涂个人信息错贴不贴毁损条形码粘贴条（），、、。2.未按规定翻阅试题册提前阅读试题提前或在收答题卡期间作答、、。3.未用所规定的笔作答折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷、。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会ＰａｒｔＩＩＬｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ(３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)ঝझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझঝझझझझझझ特别 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 六级考试每次仅考两套听力ঝ第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致झझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझझঝＰａｒｔＩＩＩＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ(４０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＡＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓＩｎｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｐａｓｓａｇｅｗｉｔｈｔｅｎｂｌａｎｋｓ．Ｙｏｕａｒｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｔｏｓｅｌｅｃｔｏｎｅｗｏｒｄｆｏｒ：，ｅａｃｈｂｌａｎｋｆｒｏｍａｌｉｓｔｏｆｃｈｏｉｃｅｓｇｉｖｅｎｉｎａｗｏｒｄｂａｎｋｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ．Ｒｅａｄｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙｂｅｆｏｒｅｍａｋｉｎｇｙｏｕｒｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．Ｅａｃｈｃｈｏｉｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｂａｎｋｉｓｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄｂｙａｌｅｔｔｅｒ．ＰｌｅａｓｅｍａｒｋｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｆｏｒｅａｃｈｉｔｅｍｏｎＡｎｓｗｅｒＳｈｅｅｔ２ｗｉｔｈａｓｉｎｇｌｅｌｉｎｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕｍａｙｎｏｔｕｓｅａｎｙｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｂａｎｋｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｃｅ．Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26become　　ｂｒｉｔｔｌｅ(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,℃though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,　　whileremainingitsstrengthandtoughnesswithouttheneedforexpensive28.—　　SteelsfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.ƳAfterGermanUboatsｔｏｒｐｅｄｏｅｄ(用鱼雷攻击)numerousBritishships,a2700strongfleetofcheap⁃⁃⁃andcheerfulLibertyshipswasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe⁃“”29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12　　　brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchas　　nickel.YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32.Ratherthanaddingother　　metals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33to　　thatofmodernsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimurasteamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultrahighstrengthparts,suchasƳ⁃bolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheir　　weightbyreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamount—　　ofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.６１　　　　·A)abruptlyI)crackedB)additivesJ)fracturesC)approachK)hollowD)ardentlyL)relevantE)besiegedM)reshuffledF)channelN)strivedG)comparableO)violentH)componentsＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＢＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓＩｎｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｙｏｕａｒｅｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｒｅａｄａｐａｓｓａｇｅｗｉｔｈｔｅｎｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓａｔｔａｃｈｅｄｔｏｉｔ．Ｅａｃｈ：，ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｇｉｖｅｎｉｎｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｔｈｅｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｆｒｏｍｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｙｏｕｍａｙｃｈｏｏｓｅａｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｃｅ．Ｅａｃｈｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｉｓｍａｒｋｅｄｗｉｔｈａｌｅｔｔｅｒ．ＡｎｓｗｅｒｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓｂｙｍａｒｋｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｏｎＡｎｓｗｅｒＳｈｅｅｔ２．Ｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅｏｆｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｓｈｅｒｅａｒｅｗｅｒｅａｄｙｆｏｒｉｔ—？[A]Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikeｄｒｏｎｅｓ（无人机）beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.[B]AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellitebasedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,⁃asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.ThequestionhereisnolongerCanwe?butShouldwe?Whatarethepotentialdownsides“”“”ofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledasprofessionals?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduse“”ofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.[C]Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.TheCubeheresimplyreferstothesatellitesshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa“”Ƴ10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Theseminisatellitescanfitinalaunchvehiclesformerlywastedspace.Multiplescanbe⁃Ƴ“”deployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.６　２·[D]Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.TheyreprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)aneasilyaccessibleregionofƳ—spacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehumantendedmissionsliketheHubble⁃SpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarthescapingpayloads(tothemoonandMars⁃especially)tocarryCubeSats.[E]Becausetheyresosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarthsorbitthanaƳƳtraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.[F]ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestoｔｈｅＵＳＳＲƳｓＳｐｕｔｎｉｋ（前苏联的人造卫星）.Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.[G]TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSatsimportanceinscientificƳdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisntriskfree.ThegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisƳ⁃spacedebrispiecesofjunkthatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageif—“”theycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.[H]Currently,therearentmanyCubeSatsandtheyretrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreƳƳamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear⁃missesmightleadtothecreationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuture“dispositionofscienceCubeSats.”[I]CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnowsthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleƳconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Someexpertamateursinthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceed“”responsibly.６　３·[J]In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterｈａｍｒａｄｉｏｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｓƳ（业余无线电爱好者）participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCARaU.S.basedgroupthatbuiltand—⁃launchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwasputtingamateursatellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrent“”CubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,opensourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple.Withintheorganization,AMSAThasa⁃philosophyofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellites—fullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1A,AMSATsfirstCubeSat,thismeansthattheresno⁃ƳƳwaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.[K]However,theyremorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationƳguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformofselfgovernanceispossiblewithinlongstandingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,are“⁃”⁃abletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodonthavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?Ƴ[L]Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalongstanding⁃amateurestablishment.Theyrestillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofƳregulationsallofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Buttheresa—Ƴdangertheyreillequippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.WhattheseƳ⁃unintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphonewehavemicrofinanceandtextbasedsocialnetworkingat—⁃oneendofthespectrum,andｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｓｅｄ（临时制作的）explosivedevicesattheother.[M]ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportantnotsimply—toensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargercommunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.YettheevidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunityconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.HereswherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondƳgovernmentagenciesandscientificcommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.６　４·37.Agroupofminisatellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.⁃38.Thegreateraccessibilityofminisatellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.⁃39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.40.AMSATiscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.44.MinisatellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.⁃45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＣＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅ２ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｅａｃｈｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓｏｒ：ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．ＦｏｒｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｍｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒｃｈｏｉｃｅｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡＢＣａｎｄ），），）Ｄ．ＹｏｕｓｈｏｕｌｄｄｅｃｉｄｅｏｎｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｃｈｏｉｃｅａｎｄｍａｒｋｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｏｎＡｎｓｗｅｒ）Ｓｈｅｅｔ２ｗｉｔｈａｓｉｎｇｌｅｌｉｎｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒｅ．ＰａｓｓａｇｅＯｎｅＱｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ４６ｔｏ５０ａｒｅｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅ．WhenIreenteredthefulltimeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself⁃⁃⁃employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.ItwasntuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingƳfriendswithcolleaguesdidntemergeasapriorityatall.ThisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheƳprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichｃｏｌｌｅｇｉａｌ(同事的)tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteambasedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.⁃Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,watercoolergossipandcaring,deepandmeaningful⁃⁃⁃６　５·conversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.InanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundlyrespectedJournalofManagement,⁃researchershavelookedattheconceptofindifferentrelationships.Itsasimpletermthat“”Ƴｅｎｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｅｓ(概括)thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenonintimate,inconsequential,⁃unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatestheyreespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andƳharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofus,toomucheffort.Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandｃｈｕｒｎｉｎｇ(产出).Theotherisselfesteem.Ashumanbeings,wereprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherin⁃Ƴwhatisananxietyinducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothan⁃friends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividualssenseofselfworth.Ƴ⁃Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenonesfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreaterƳaccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafterworksocializingbut,hey,Ill⁃Ƴtakeitanyway.46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhereenteredthecorporateworld?⁃A)Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.B)Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.C)Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanselfemployment.⁃D)Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.B)Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.C)Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.D)Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A)Theyshouldbecultivated.C)Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.B)Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.６　６·49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?A)Theyfeeluncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.B)Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.C)Theyareunwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainworkplacerelationships.D)Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.50.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?A)Theyprovidefunatwork.C)Theyhelpresolvedifferences.B)Theyhelpcontrolemotions.D)Theyimproveworkefficiency.ＰａｓｓａｇｅＴｗｏＱｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ５１ｔｏ５５ａｒｅｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅ．Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequireanirrationalresponse.“”OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2017wastheeffortsofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Googlesselfdrivingcarsclocked1,023,Ƴ⁃330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Googlescarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.ƳDrivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameＧｏ(围棋)tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworldsleadingƳprofessionalGoplayers.Withcomputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysixyearoldson.Whatwillhisplacebeina⁃⁃worldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?Hellnevercalculatefaster,neverdriveƳbetter,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:WhatssoƳspecialaboutus?Itcantbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machinesƳhaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyacomputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformationprocessingmachines,wellsoonhavehelpful⁃Ƴrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantocompetewithit.IfImright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillƳcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Indeed,ourschoolsanduniversitiesarestructuredtomouldpupilstobemostlyobedientservantsofrationality,andtodevelopoutdatedskillsininteractingwithoutdatedmachines.Weneedtohelpourchildrenlearnhowtobestworkwithsmartcomputerstoimprovehumandecisionmaking.Butmostofallweneedtokeepthelongtermperspectiveinmind:thatevenif⁃⁃６　７·computerswilloutsmartus,wecanstillbethemostcreative.Becauseifwearent,wewontbeprovidingƳƳmuchvalueinfutureecosystems,andthatmayputinquestionthefoundationforourexistence.51.WhatistheauthorsgreatestconcernabouttheuseofAI?ƳA)Computersareperforminglotsofcreativetasks.B)Manyabilitieswillceasetobeuniquetohumanbeings.C)Computersmaybecomemorerationalthanhumans.D)Manyhumanskillsarefastbecomingoutdated.52.WhatimpressestheauthormostinthefieldofAI?A)Googlesexperimentaldriverlesscarsrequirelittlehumanintervention.ƳB)Googlescarshavesurpassedhisdrivingabilityinjustasingleyear.ƳC)Googlehasmadehugeprogressinautonomousdrivinginashorttime.D)Googlehasbecomeaworldleaderinthefieldofautonomousdriving.53.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?A)Itisrational.C)Itishumanspecific.B)Itispredictable.D)ItisyettobeemulatedbyAI.54.WhatshouldschoolshelpchildrendointheeraofAI?A)Cultivateoriginalthinking.C)Competewithsmartmachines.B)Learntoworkindependently.D)UnderstandhowAIworks.55.Howcanwehumansjustifyourfutureexistence?A)Byconstantlyoutsmartingcomputers.C)ByrationallycompromisingwithAI.B)Byadoptingalongtermperspective.D)Byprovidingvaluewithourcreativity.⁃ＰａｒｔＩＶＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ(３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)ＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓＦｏｒｔｈｉｓｐａｒｔｙｏｕａｒｅａｌｌｏｗｅｄ３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓｔｏｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅａｐａｓｓａｇｅｆｒｏｍＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｉｎｔｏＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ．：，ＹｏｕｓｈｏｕｌｄｗｒｉｔｅｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡｎｓｗｅｒＳｈｅｅｔ２．汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它。是以方块字character而不是以字母构成的目前仍在使用的书写系统中汉语是最古老的（）。，。在中国来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言但由于汉字有统一的书写形式他们交流起，，，来几乎没有任何困难汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用今天随着中国经济的快。。，速增长和全球影响力的增强越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语，。６　８·