英国文学选读unit2名师优质课比赛一等奖国赛一等奖课件

英国文学选读教学课件第1页Unit2WilliamShakespeare(I564-1616)HamletRomeoandJulietSonnet18第2页WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)Wedon’tknowmuchaboutShakespearebecauseveryfewfactsofhislifehavebeenpreserved.Thefactsofhislifemainlycamefromthreesources:churchandlegalrecords,folktraditions,andthecommentsofhiscontemporaries.Fromthesefactswepiecetogetherhislife.WilliamShakespearewasbornonApril23,1564inStratford-on-AvoninWarwickshire.Hisfather,JohnShakespeare,wasawell-to-domerchantandleadingcitizeninthetown.ThereisnoofficialrecordofShakespeare’sschooling,butitiswidelybelievedthatheattendedthelocalgrammarschoolandreadwidely.In1582,Shakespeare,agedeighteenandhalf,marriedAnneHathaway,afarmer’suneducateddaughter,whowaseightyearsolderthanShakespeare.第3页ShakespearewenttoLondonin1586or1587whendramawasrapidlybecomingpopular.Therearelegendsthathekepthorsesoutsidetheplayhouses(theater).Aftermanyhardshipshebecameanactorandplaywrightinoneoftheleadingcompaniesofplayers—“LordChamberlaine’sCompany.”Herevisedoldplaysandwrotenewones.Hisplaysalwayshavetracesoftheeventsofcontemporarylife.Becauseofthis,togetherwithhismaturedcraftsmanship,hisplaysbecameextremelypopular.Besideplays,Shakespearewrotesomenarrativepoemsandsonnets.Hisnarrativepoem,VernusandAdonis,waspublishedin1593.Itimmediatelybecamepopularandwasreprintedeleventimesinthefirstfewyears.His154sonnetswerefirstcirculatedamongfriends,andwerenotpublisheduntil1609.Thecontemporariessoonrecognizedhimasageniusofapoet.Todaysomeofhissonnetsareregardedasthebestintheworldofpoetry.第4页Shakespeare’shistoryplaysandmajorcomedieswerewrittenbeforetheendofthesixteenthcentury.Aftertheturnofthecentury,hewrotehismajortragedies.Thecomediesweremainlywritteninthelastfewyearsofhislife.AlthoughShakespearediedonApril23,1616,helefttheworldarichheritageofimmortalplays.Thirty-twoofhisplayswerefirstcollectedin1623,andBenJohnsonwroteinthededicationtotheeditionthat“hewasnotofanage,butforalltime!”第5页Shskespeare’scomedies:AMidsummerNight’sDreamTheMerchantofVeniceShskespeare’stragedies:Hamlet;Othello;KingLear;MacbethShskespeare’shistoricplay:HenryIVShskespeare’slegendplay:TheTempest第6页Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkThestoryHamletiscalledbackfromtheUniversityofWittenbery(维滕堡)totheDanishCourtbynewsofhisfather’sdeath.Hismotherhastilymarrieshisuncle,Claudius.Horatio,Hamlet’sfriend,tellshimoftheappearanceoftheghostofhisfathertalkingaroundthecastleatnight.Laterhelearnsfromtheghostthathisfatherwasmurderedbyhisuncle.Heisthenfacedwiththedutytotakerevengeforhisfather.第7页FirstHamletpretendstobemad.HisbelovedOpheliaissenttohimtoseethatheismad.However,ClaudiusisnotconvincedandsendstwoofHamlet’sformerfriendstospyonhim.Hamlet,inordertocatchtheconscienceofClaudius,arrangesamurder-playwhichactsouttheprocessofthemurder.TheplaycatchesClaudiusbysurprisethatheleavesthehallinthemiddleoftheplay.Thestoryoftheghostisthusproved,butHamletfailstokillClaudiuswhenheisalonepraying.Instead,hekillsthespyingPoloniusbyaccident.HamletissenttoEnglandbyClaudius,plotingthatheiskilledbythekingofEngland.OnhiswaytoEngland,Hamletfindsouttheplotofhisdeath.HeescapesandgetsaboardapirateshipandreturnstoDenmark.Meanwhile,Opheliabecomesmadanddrownsherself.Herbrother,Laertescametotakerevengefortheirfatherandhissister.HamletandLaertesagreetosettletheirargumentbyaduel.HamletiswoundedbyLaertes’swordwithpoisonandHamletwoundsLaerteswiththesamesward.Hamlet’smothermistakenlydrinkspoisonedwinethatClaudiushaspreparedforHamlet.Asheliesdying,LaertesrevealsthefactthatClaudiushaskilledHamlet’sfather.Finally,HamletkillsClaudiuswiththepoisonedswordandwinebeforehefallsdead.第8页CommentsonthethemeofHamletThestoryoftheplaycomesfromanDanishlegend.ItisverylikelythatShakespeareborrowedsomethingfrom(托马斯，基德，英戏剧家)ThomasKyd’s“TheSpanishTragedy”.ThewholeplayshowshowHamlet,herooftheplay,whorepresentsgoodandjustice,fightsagainsthisuncleinwhomalltheevilthingsofthetimecanbeseen.Hamlet’sfather,theoldkinghasbeenpoisonedtodeathbyhisownbrother.Thenewking,thatisHamlet’suncle,hasmarriedtheQueen,Hamlet’smother.Hamletwantstorevengeforhisfather.Heisnotaweak-mindedyoungman.Heloveshispeopleandislovedbythem.HeshowshisbraveryinrunningaftertheGhostofhisfather,inkillingtheking’sminister,Polonius,infightingwiththepiratesonthesea,andwithLaertes.Hehasseenthroughthewickedandunjustworldwhichhelivesin.Heobservesthat“Denmarkisaprison”.Heisdeterminedtodoawaytheevilsinthesociety.Finallyhekillsalltheenemiesandaverageshisfather.Hediesaheroicdeath.Shakespeareshowedhisgreatcreativeabilitiesinwritingthisplay.HamletismadeaheroofRenaissanceperiodandtherepresentativeofhumanistideas.ThisplayisregardedasthesummitofShakespeare’splay.第9页Thesoliloquyiscertainlyoneofthebestdramaticmonologuesinworldliteratureandhasbecomeafavoriteselectionformemorization.Hismeditationismorethanpersonal,butapplicabletoallmankind:Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,….Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes.InthesoliloquyHamletfirstaskswhetheroneshouldchoosetoliveordie,andthendefinestwopossiblecourses.First,heasksifpassiveacceptanceof“outrageousfortune”isnotthenoblercoursetofollow.Thesecondcourseistotake“armsagainstaseaoftrouble,\Andbyopposingendthem.”Hamletthenconsidersathirdsolution:suicide.Wemustpointoutthatthissoliloquyposesmanycriticalproblemsandmorethanoneinterpretationispossible.第10页十四行诗之第十八首          ——莎士比亚有心比汝作浓韵似酒夏日，却言不尽温宛里醉人妩媚。五月疾风迅，凌落多少娇花，而时光予夏如此短暂辰光！ 苍穹之明眸闪耀如火热芒，他金色面庞却也常蒙上迷惘。美好事物终难免消亡，或因偶故，或取天由。夏日如君，永不消逝，流年似水，伴你如花美眷。怎会如亡灵徘徊在断井颓垣？惟有岁月里幸福淡而深远！ 只要还有些人一息尚存，眸中仍有微芒流闪，汝漂亮容颜，便随这诗篇，亘古留传。第11页RomeoandJuliet第12页Thankyouforlearning第13页