中国国情词汇翻译

1 A. AA制 Dutch treatment; go Dutch 安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families 按揭贷款 mortgage loan 按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance 暗恋 unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly B. 巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 白马王子 Prince Charming 白色行情表 white sheet 白色农业 white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture"; It refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.) 白手起家 starting from scratch 摆架子 put on airs 摆谱儿 put on airs; show off; keep up appearances 拜把兄弟 sworn brothers 拜年 pay New Year call 搬迁户 relocated families 傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags 包工包料 contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保健食品 health-care food 本本主义 bookishness 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学 comparative economics 比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 闭门羹 given cold-shoulder 边缘科学 boundary science 变相涨价 disguised inflation 便携式电脑 portable computer; laptop; notebook computer 标书 bidding documents 博彩（业）lottery industry 不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force 不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 不分上下的总统选举结果the neck-and-neck presidential election result 不可再生资源 non-renewable resources 不夜城 sleepless city, ever-bright city 不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency 步行天桥 foot bridge C. 擦边球 edge ball, touch ball 采取高姿态 show magnanimity 菜篮子工程 shopping basket program 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time. 仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业 grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass) 层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 差额投票 differentail voting 差额选举 competitive election 茶道 sado 查房 make/go the rounds of the wards 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition 产粮大省 granary province 产品结构 product mix 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management 产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order 产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing 产业的升级换代 upgrading of industies 产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品 product in excessive supply 畅通工程 "Smooth Traffic Project" 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words 超前消费 overconsuming, excessive consumption 城市规划 city's landscaping plan; urban planning 出风头 show off;in the limelight 出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports 出口加工区 export processing zones 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate 出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports 出家 pravrajana; cloister 传销 multi-level marketing 窗口行业 various service trades 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park 吹风会 (advanced) briefing 春蕾 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 Spring Buds Program 春运 (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival 《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 磁悬浮列车 Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理 extensive management 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits D. "达标"活动 "target hitting" activities 打白条 issue IOU 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering 打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打顺手 find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove 大包干 all-round responsibility system 大轰动 blockbuster 大力扣杀 hammer 大路货 staple goods 大满贯 grand slam 大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 大款 tycoon 大排挡 sidewalk snack booth; large stall 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大胜 white wash 大腕 top notch 大卫教 Branch Davidian 大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧 maxi-series 大学生创业 university students' innovative undertaking 大要案 major and serious criminal cases 大专生 junior college student 大专文凭 associate degree 大藏经 Tripitaka 带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待岗 await job assignment, post-waiting 待业 job-waiting 代职 function in an acting capacity 单循环制 single round-robin system 党群关系 Party-masses relationship 党政机关 Party and government organizations 捣浆糊 give the runaround 盗版VCD pirated VCD 盗打（电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means 盗用公款 embezzlement 单刀赴会 start a solo run 倒票 speculative reselling of tickets 倒爷 profiteer 倒计时 countdowm 等外品 off-grade goods, rejects 邓小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts 低调 low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach) 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry; service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile 第一发球权 first inning 第一发球员 first server 第一双打 first pair 地方保护主义 regional protectionism 地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances 地球村 global village 地区差异 regional disparity 地热资源 geothermal resources 地市级城市 prefecture-level city 点子公司 consultancy company 电话号码升位 upgrade telephone number 电话会议 teleconference 电视直销 TV home shopping 电子商务认证 e-business certification 吊球 drop shot 吊销执照 revoke license 钉子户 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project 定向培训 training for specific posts 豆腐渣"工程 jerry-built project 毒枭 drug trafficker 独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit(enterprise) "渡假外交" holiday-making diplomacy 短期债务 floating debt 断交信 Dear John letter (from woman to man) 对...毫无顾忌 make no bones about ... 对冲基金 hedge fund 对外招商 attract foreign investment 队长袖标(足球） skipper's armband 多党合作制 multi-party co-operation in exercising State power 多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS) 夺冠 take the crown E. 恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation 恶性循环 vicious circle (把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back 二板市场; 创业板市场 second board (on the country's stock market) 二次创业 start a new undertakinge 二进宫 to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution) 二流选手 scrub, second-rater 二元经济 dual economy F. 发案率 incidence (of criminal cases) 发烧友 fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan 发展不平衡 disparate development 发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need. 法治国家 a country under the rule of law 法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system 翻两番 quadruple 反败为胜 bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire 反不正当竞争法 Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 防抱死系统 ABS (anti-lock braking system) 防洪工程 flood-prevention project 房管 real estate management 访谈式竞选 （候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaign 放高球 lob 放下架子 to relinguish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs 放行单 release permit 飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile 飞行药检 spot check 非对称数字用户环路 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流 reposition of redundant personnel 分期付款 installment payment 分税制 system of tax distribution （产品）分销 subunderwriting, distribution 粉领族 pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such as office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc) 风险投资 venture capital; risk investment 疯牛病 mad cow disease; bovine spongiform enceohalopathy (BSE) 锋利扣杀 razor-sharp smash 封闭式基金 close-ended fund 封杀出局 force out “封圣” canonization of "Saints" 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 浮动工资 floating wages; fluctuating wages 扶贫 poverty alleviation 覆盖率 coverage rate 复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building) G. 改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 感谢款待的信 a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest) 干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化 make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent 港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong 高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue 高产优质 high yield and high quality 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高官会 Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) 高级商务师 Certified Business Executive 高架公路 elevated highway; overhead road 高科技板块 high-tech sector 高难度动作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition 高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone (公路）隔离带 median 根本政治制度 fundamental political system 个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment 个人自扫门前雪， 莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one’s own potatoes 各大菜系 major styles of cooking 各尽所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability "各就位" "On your marks!" 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!; Wish you all the best! 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 工程公司 engineering company 工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层 salariat; state employee; salaried person 工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区 industrial park 公费医疗 medical services at state expense 公告板服务 Bulletin Board Service (BBS) 公检法 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds 公开喊价市场 open outcry markets 公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds 公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公益林 public welfare forest 公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 公证财产 notarize the properties 共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.) 骨干企业 key enterprise 股本金equity capital 挂职 1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself) 2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit 关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariff wall 光谷 optical valley 光机电一体化 optical, mechanical and electronic integration 光盘杂志 CD-ROM magazine 光通讯 photo-communication; optical communication 广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网 wide area network (WAN) 皈依三宝 become a Buddhist 国产化率 import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制 the mobilization for national defense 国际惯例 international common practice 国际日期变更线 International Date Line (IDL) 《国际先驱论坛报》 International Herald Tribune 国际商业机器公司 International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) 国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems 国家普通话水平考试 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua 国家一级保护 first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国脚 player of the national football team; footballer of the national team 国库券 treasury bonds 国民党 Kuomintang 国民经济支柱产业 pillar industries in national economy 国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond 过度开垦 excess reclamation 过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little H. 海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest 海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the Gulf War 函授大学 correspondence university 旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park 汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software 航母 aircraft carrier 豪赌 unrestrained gambling 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander 好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster "好球" "Strike" 和服 Kimono 合理引导消费 guide rational consumption 合议庭 collegiate bench 核销 cancel after verification 黑店 gangster inn 黑客 hacker 黑社会 Mafia-style organizations; gangland 宏观调控 macro-control 红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 红帽子企业 red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise) 红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin (EPO) 环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim 后防空虚 leave the defense exposed 后台管理 back-stage management 呼啦圈 hu la hoop 胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded) 虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg. 互动广告 interactive advertisement 户口簿 residence booklet 户口 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 domicile system, residence registration system 户主 head of a household 护身法宝 amulet 华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 华盖 canopy 滑板车 scooter "坏球" "Ball" 还俗 resume secular life, unfrock "黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黄金时段 prime time (吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state 挥棒 swing 挥棒不中 fan 灰色收入 income from moonlighting 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love 活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn. 火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化 monetization 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 货到付款 cash on delivery J. 机场建设费 airport construction fee 机构臃肿　 overstaffing in organizations (government) 基本路线要管一百年 The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come. 基本国情 fundamental realities of the country 基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level 基层组织 organizations at the grass-roots level 基因工程 genetic engineering 积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories) 绩优股 blue chip 激烈竞争 cut-throat competition 吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness (Book of Records) 吉祥物 mascot 缉毒队 narcotics squad 缉私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling 集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计划单列市 city specifically designated in the state plan 计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning 计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(CPU) 记者席 press box "既成事实" fait accompli (noun) 技术产权交易所 technology equity market; technology property right exchange 技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers 嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest 加班 work extra shifts 加密 encrypt 加权平均值 weighted average 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system 家族企业 family firm 假唱 lip-synch 假动作 deception, feint 甲骨文 inscriptions on oracle bones 假日经济 holiday economy 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences 监督部门 watchdog 尖端产品 highly sophisticated products 剪彩 cut the ribbon 剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ... 减负 alleviate burdens on sb. 减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass 减员增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River 讲诚信，反欺诈： honor credibility and oppose cheating 降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate 脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 侥幸球 fluke 教学法 pedagogy; teaching method 教育部社政司 Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education 接口 interface 街道企业 neighborhood enterprise 街心花园 park at an intersection; garden in the city center 节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐） rhythm blues 解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces 解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts 解困基金 anti-poverty funds 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience 金本位 gold standard 金边债券 gilt-edged bonds 金刚经 Vajracchedika-sutra 金降落伞 golden parachute 金融电子化 computerize financial services 金税工程 Golden Tax Project 金无足赤, 人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 紧箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase 紧密型企业集团 tightly-knit groups of enterprises 紧追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail 近海渔业 offshore fishery 近水楼台先得月 First come, first served; A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first --the advantage of being in a favored position. 进出口商会 chamber of import and export trade 进口渗透 import penetration 进修班 class for further studies 禁渔期 closed fishing seasons 禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸 prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment 经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 running expenses 经济林 cash tree 经济全球化 economic globalization; economic integration 经济失调指数 misery index 经济头脑 commercially minded people; people with business sense 经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业 modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system 精简机构 streamline government organs 精品 competitive products 京剧票友 Peking Opera fan 京剧人物脸谱 types of facial make-up in Beijing opera 景泰蓝 cloisonné 敬业精神 professional dedication; professional ethics 劲射 power shot 九五攻关 State Key Task 95 居委会 neighborhood committee; residents' committee 局域网 local area network (LAN) 举报电话 informants' hot-line telephone 拒载 refuse to take passengers 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 竣工式 completion ceremony K. 卡丁车 kart 开发一代，储存一带，预研一代 (产品） to develop this generation of products while researching on the next generation of products 开放式基金 open-ended fund 开工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity 开工典礼 commencement ceremony 开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means 开题报告 opening speech; opening report 开小灶 give special favor 开夜车 burn the midnight oil; work over night 看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府 caretaker cabinet 坎儿井 karez 抗美援朝战争 War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 抗震棚 quake-proof shelter 考研 take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 考研热 the craze for graduate school 科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量 technology content 科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force. 科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation 科研攻关 scientific research and tackle the key research project 可持续发展 sustainable development 刻录机 CD writer; disc-carving machine 空头支票 accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess; air stewardess 控股公司 holding company 扣帽子 put a label on 跨世纪工程 a trans-century project 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development 快讯 news flash; flash 宽带接入 broadband access 宽带网 broadband networks 宽限期 grace period 亏损企业 enterprises running in the red/under deficit 困难职工 the needy L. 垃圾债券 junk bond 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 拉拉队 cheering squad 拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooter king 拉关系 try to curry favor with 来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone 来料加工 process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing 劳动 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 制 labor contract system 老生常谈，陈词滥调 cut and dried 老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise "篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading 礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 理货公司 tally company 礼仪小姐 ritual girl 利改税　 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利好因素 wrinkle 利基 niche 立体农业 three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建设 construction of a clean and honest administration 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 廉洁奉公，以正治国 (of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness 联产承包责任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract syste