2022年英语专业八级真题预测及答案

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS()GRADEEIGHTPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.YoumayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetaskUsetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Now,listentothemini-lecture.HowtoReduceStressLifeisfullofthingsthatcauseussress.Thoughwemaynotlikestress,wehavetolivewithit.I.DefinitionofstressA.(1)reactioni.e.forceexertedbetweentwotouchingbodiesB.humanreactioni.e.responseto(2)onsomeonee.g.increaseinbreathing,heartrate,(3),ormuscletensionII.(4),A.positivestresswhereitoccurs:Christmas,wedding,(5)B.negativestresswhereitoccurs:test-takingsituations,friend’sdeathIII.WaystocopewithstressA.recoginitionofstresssignals—monitorfor(6)ofstress—findwaystoprotectoneselfB.attentiontobodydemand—effectof(7)C.planningandactingappropriately—reasonforplanning—(8)ofplanningD.learningto(9)—e.g.dlaycausedbytrafficE.pacingactivities—manageabletask—(10)SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.Accordingtotheinterviewer,whichofthefollowingbestindicatestherelationshipbetweenchoiceandmobility?A.Bettereducation→greatermobility→morechoices.B.Bettereducation→morechoices→greatermobility.C.Greatermobility→bettereducation→morechoices.D.Greatermobility→morechoices→bettereducation.2.Accordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingdetailsaboutthefirstpollisINCORRECT?A.Shorterworkhourswasleastchosenforbeingmostimportant.B.Chancesforadvancementmighthavebeenfavouredbyyoungpeople.C.Highincomefailedtocomeontopforbeingmostimportant.D.Jobsecuritycamesecondaccordingtothepollresults.3.Accordingtotheinterviewee,whichisthemaindifferencebetweenthefirstandthesecondpoll?A.Thetypeofrespondentswhowereinvited.B.Thewayinwhichthequestionsweredesigned.C.Thecontentareaofthequestions.D.Thenumberofpollquestions.4.Whatcanwelearnfromtherespondents'answerstoitems2,4and7inthesecondpoll?A.Recognitionfromcolleaguesshouldbegivenlessimportance.B.Workersarealwayswillingandreadytolearnmorenewskills.C.Psychologicalrewardismoreimportantthanmaterialone.D.Workwillhavetobemadeinterestingtoraiseefficiency.5.Accordingtotheinterviewee,whichofthefollowingcanofferbothpsychologicalandmonetarybenefits?A.Contactwithmanypeople.B.Chancesforadvancement.C.Appreciationfromcoworkers.D.Chancestolearnnewskills.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.6.Accordingtothenewsitem,"sleepboxes"aredesignedtosolvetheproblemsofA.airports.B.passengers.C.architects.D.companies.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtruewithreferencetothenews?A.Sleepboxescanberentedfordifferentlengthsoftime.B.Rentersofnormalheightcanstandupinside.C.Beddingcanbeautomaticallychanged.D.Renterscantakeashowerinsidethebox.Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.8.Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?A.London'spreparationsfortheNottingHillCarnival.B.MainfeaturesoftheNottingHillCarnival.C.Police'spreventivemeasuresforthecarnival.D.Policeparticipationinthecarnival.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.9.ThenewsitemreportsonaresearchfindingaboutA.theDutchfamineandtheDutchwomen.B.earlymalnutritionandhearthealth.C.thecausesofdeathduringthefamine.D.nutritioninchildhoodandadolescence.10.Whendidtheresearchteamcarryoutthestudy?A.AttheendofWorldWarII.B.Between1944and1945.C.Inthe1950s.D.In.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)TEXTAMyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofdifferenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbesureI’llbehappyinmycareer?Second,HowcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?Herearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyouleadapurposefullife.1.UseYourResourcesWisely.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlife’sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”thatcompetefortheseresources:I’mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits?Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttoverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.Sometimesthat’sgood:opportunitiesthatyouhaveneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudon’tinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutmyformerclassmateswhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican’thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective.Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,they’llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasaleteachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn’tofferthesameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.It’sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraisedagoodsonoragooddaughter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadailybasisitdoesn’tseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceofhappiness.Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou’llfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,you’llseethatsamestunningandsoberingpattern:peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost.2.CreateAFamilyCulture.It’sonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithaacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionsacompanymustmake.Butit’squiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection.Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools”–coercion,threats,punishmentsandsoon,tosecurecooperation.Butifemployee’swaysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledon’teventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollowproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthatthey’vecreatedaculture.Culture,incompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool.Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbemyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappiness?Mystudentsquicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justacompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously.Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswon’tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintofamily’scultureandyouhavethinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryouA.canmanageyourtimewellB.havelong-termplanningC.areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunitiesD.cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems12.Whatistheroleofthestatement“Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward”withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph?A.ToofferfurtherexplanationB.ToprovideadefinitionC.TopresentacontrastD.Toillustratecareerdevelopment13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsisA.lackofplanningB.short-sightednessC.shortageofresourcesD.decisionbyinstinct14.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemergeA.WhenpeopledecidewhatandhowtodobyinstinctB.WhenpeoplerealizetheimportanceofconsensusC.WhenpeopleasagroupdecidehowtosucceedD.Whenpeopleuse“powertools”toreachagreement15.OneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthatA.problem-solvingabilityisessentialB.cooperationisthefoundationC.respectandobediencearekeyelementsD.cultureneedstobenurturedTextBItwasnearlybed-timeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand,leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthernCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundthathadtakenlongertohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelvemonthsatleast,andhefeltalreadybetterforthejourney.SincesomeofthepassengerswereleavingtheshipnextdayatPago-Pagotheyhadhadalittledancethateveningandinhisearshammeredstilltheharshnotesofthemechanicalpiano.Butthedeckwasquietatlast.AlittlewayoffhesawhiswifeinalongchairtalkingwiththeDavidsons,andhestrolledovertoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookoffhishatyousawthathehadveryredhair,withabaldpatchonthecrown,andthered,freckledskinwhichaccompaniesredhair;hewasamanofforty,thin,withapinchedface,preciseandratherpedantic;andhespokewithaScotsaccentinaverylow,quietvoice.BetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons,whoweremissionaries,therehadarisentheintimacyofshipboard,whichisduetopropinquityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovaltheysharedofthemenwhospenttheirdaysandnightsinthesmoking-roomplayingpokerorbridgeanddrinking.Mrs.MacphailwasnotalittleflatteredtothinkthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeopleonboardwithwhomtheDavidsonswerewillingtoassociate,andeventhedoctor,shybutnofool,halfunconsciouslyacknowledgedthecompliment.Itwasonlybecausehewasofanargumentativemindthatintheircabinatnighthepermittedhimselftocarp(唠叨).‘Mrs.Davidsonwassayingshedidn’tknowhowthey’dhavegotthroughthejourneyifithadn’tbeenforus,’saidMrs.Macphail,assheneatlybrushedouthertransformation(假发).‘Shesaidwewerereallytheonlypeopleontheshiptheycaredtoknow.’‘Ishouldn’thavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug(要人、名士)thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills(摆架子).’‘It’snotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.Itwouldn’thavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohavetomixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.’‘Thefounderoftheirreligionwasn’tsoexclusive,’saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle.‘I’veaskedyouoverandoveragainnottojokeaboutreligion,’answeredhiswife.‘Ishouldn’tliketohaveanaturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.’Hegaveherasidelongglancewithhispale,blueeyes,butdidnotreply.Aftermanyyearsofmarriedlifehehadlearnedthatitwasmoreconducivetopeacetoleavehiswifewiththelastword.Hewasundressedbeforeshewas,andclimbingintotheupperbunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep.Whenhecameondecknextmorningtheywereclosetoland.Helookedatitwithgreedyeyes.Therewasathinstripofsilverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttrees,thickandgreen,camenearlytothewater’sedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesoftheSamoaris(萨摩亚人);andhereandthere,gleamingwhite,alittlechurch.Mrs.Davidsoncameandstoodbesidehim.Shewasdressedinblack,andworeroundherneckagoldchain,fromwhichdangledasmallcross.Shewasalittlewoman,withbrown,dullhairveryelaboratelyarranged,andshehadprominentblueeyesbehindinvisiblepince-nez(夹鼻眼镜).Herfacewaslong,likeasheep’s,butshegavenoimpressionoffoolishness,ratherofextremealertness;shehadthequickmovementsofabird.Themostremarkablethingaboutherwashervoice,high,metallic,andwithoutinflection;itfellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamourofthepneumaticdrill.‘Thismustseemlikehometoyou,’saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile.‘Oursarelowislands,youknow,notlikethese.Coral.Thesearevolcanic.We’vegotanothertendays''journeytoreachthem.’‘Inthesepartsthat’salmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,’saidDr.Macphailfacetiously.‘Well,that’sratheranexaggeratedwayofputtingit,butonedoeslookatdistancesdifferentlyintheJSouthSeas.Sofaryou’reright.’Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly.16.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatDr.MacphailA.preferredquietnesstonoiseB.enjoyedthesoundofthemechanicalpianoC.wasgoingbacktohishometownD.wantedtobefriendtheDavidsons17.TheMacphailsandtheDavidsonswereineachother’ecompanybecausetheyA.hadsimilarexperienceB.likedeachotherC.shareddislikeforsomepassengersD.hadsimilarreligiousbelief18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestDESCRIBESMrs.Macphail?A.ShewasgoodatmakingfriendsB.ShewaspronetoquarrellingwithherhusbandC.ShewasskillfulindealingwithstrangersD.Shewaseasytogetalongwith.19.AllthefollowingadjectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPTA.arrogantB.unapproachableC.unpleasantD.irritable20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT?A.Hewassociable.B.Hewasintelligent.C.Hewasafraidofhiswife.D.HewasfunoftheDavidsons.TextCTodaywemakeroomforaremarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.We'retoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts—whichmeansthatwe'velostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts—intheotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyou'renotanintrovertyourself,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone.Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that'sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closetintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeevent---alayoff,anemptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylike---joltsthemintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts.Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.WelivewithavaluesystemthatIcalltheExtrovertIdeal—theomnipresentbeliefthattheidealselfisgregarious,alpha,andcomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavorsquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividual——thekindwho'scomfortable"puttinghimselfoutthere."Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.Introversion---alongwithitscousinssensitivity,seriousness,andshyness---isnowasecond-classpersonalitytrait,somewherebetweenadisappointmentandapathology.IntrovertslivingundertheExtrovertIdealarelikewomeninaman'sworld,discountedbecauseofatraitthatgoestothecoreofwhotheyare.Extroversionisanenormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe'veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwemustconform.TheExtrovertIdealhasbeendocumentedinmanystudies,thoughthisresearchhasneverbeengroupedunderasinglename.Talkativepeople,forexample,areratedassmarter,better-looking,moreinteresting,andmoredesirableasfriends.Velocityofspeechcountsaswellasvolume:werankfasttalkersasmorecompetentandlikablethanslowones.Eventhewordintrovertisstigmatized---oneinformalstudy,bypsychologistLaurieHelgoe,foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegenericintrovertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture.ButwemakeagravemistaketoembracetheExtrovertIdealsounthinkingly.Someofourgreatestideas,art,andinventions---fromthetheoryofevolutiontovanGogh'ssunflowerstothepersonalcomputer---camefromquietandcerebralpeoplewhoknewhowtotuneintotheirinnerworldsandthetreasurestobefoundthere.21.Accordingtotheauthor,thereexists,asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,adiscrepancybetweenA.whatpeoplesaytheycandoandwhattheyactuallycanB.whatsocietyvaluesandwhatpeoplepretendtobeC.whatpeopleprofessandwhatstatisticsshowD.whatpeopleprofessandwhattheyhidefromothers22.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPTA.doubtfulB.sociableC.determinedD.bold23.Accordingtotheauthor,oursocietyonlypermits___tohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike.A.theyoungB.theordinaryC.theartisticD.therich24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion?A.Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity.B.Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople.C.Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient.D.Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles.25.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha____note.A.cautiousB.warningC.positiveD.humorousTextDSpeakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructstheother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction?acommandsystemthatdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind?likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.Whydoesthetusslebetweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashonedbytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften?youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeuFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbette