Learn to Read
Latin
W O R K B O O K
Andrew Keller
Colgate University
Stephanie Russell
Collegiate School
Yale University Press New Haven & London
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Copyright © 2004 by Yale University.
All rights reserved.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form
(beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and
except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers.
publisher: Mary Jane Peluso
production controller: Aldo R. Cupo
editorial assistant: Gretchen Rings
designer: James J. Johnson
marketing manager: Timothy Shea
Set in E & F Scala type by Integrated Publishing Solutions, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Printed in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Keller, Andrew, 1960–
Learn to read Latin (workbook) / Andrew Keller, Stephanie Russell.
p. cm. — (Yale language series)
ISBN 0-300-10194-5 (pbk.)
1. Latin language—Grammar. 2. Latin language—Grammar—Problems, exercises, etc.
3. Latin language—Readers. I. Russell, Stephanie, 1946– . II. Title. III. Series.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS
Preface ix
Drill A. Pronunciation 1
Drill 1. The Latin Noun 7
Drill 2–3. The Five Declensions; First Declension 9
Drill 4. Second Declension 17
Exercises, Chapter I 27
Drill 5–6. The Finite Latin Verb; Indicative Mood 41
Drill 7–8. Principal Parts and the Four Conjugations 45
Drill 9. First- and Second-Conjugation Verbs 49
Drill 10. sum and possum 57
Drill 11. Distinguishing Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 63
Drill 12–15. Short Sentences and Syntax 67
Drill Sentences, Chapter II 71
Drill 17–18. First-Second-Declension Adjectives; Noun-Adjective Agreement 87
Drill 19. Substantive Use of the Adjective 91
Drill 20. Predicate Adjective 93
Drill 21. The Passive Voice 95
Drill 22–23. Verb Morphology: The Passive Voice 97
Drill 24–28. Short Sentences and Syntax 105
Drill 29. eô 109
Drill Sentences, Chapter III 111
Drill 30. Third- and Fourth-Conjugation Verb Morphology 123
Drill 31–33. Synopsis II; Imperatives 137
Drill 34–36. Short Sentences and Syntax 141
Drill 37–38. Personal Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives 143
Drill Sentences, Chapter IV 149
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Drill 40–42. Verb Morphology: Perfect Active Indicative System 163
Drill 43. The Irregular Third-Conjugation Verb ferô 173
Drill 44–46. Reflexive Pronouns, Reflexive-Possessive Adjectives, and ipse, ipsa, ipsum 175
Drill 47. Adverbs I 179
Drill 48. Subordinate Clauses I 181
Drill 49. Conditional Sentences I 185
Drill Sentences, Chapter V 187
Drill 50–51. The Perfect Passive System 199
Drill 52. Synopsis IV and Passive Morphology 203
Drill 53. Third Declension 209
Drill 54–59. Short Sentences and Syntax 215
Drill Sentences, Chapter VI 217
Drill 61–66. Verb Morphology: Active and Passive Subjunctive 231
Drill 67. Three Independent Uses of the Subjunctive 237
Drill 68. Conditional Sentences II 239
Drill 69–70. Short Sentences and Syntax 243
Drill Sentences, Chapter VII 245
Drill 72–73. Fourth and Fifth Declensions 257
Drill 74. Third-Declension Adjectives and Noun-Adjective Agreement 263
Drill 75. Adverbs II 267
Drill 76. Demonstrative Adjectives/Pronouns 269
Drill 77–78. Deponent and Semideponent Verbs 273
Drill 79–81. Short Sentences and Syntax 279
Drill Sentences, Chapter VIII 281
Drill 82. Quantitative Meter, Scansion 293
Drill 83. Purpose Clauses and Sequence of Tenses 295
Drill 83–84. Purpose Clauses and Indirect Commands 299
Drill 85. The Relative Pronoun and the Relative Clause 303
Drill 86. Special Features of the Relative Pronoun 309
Drill 87–88. Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives 311
Drill Sentences, Chapter IX 315
Drill 92–93. Relative Clauses of Purpose and Characteristic 327
Drill 94–95. Participles 331
Drill 96. Attributive and Circumstantial Participles 333
Drill 97. Ablative Absolute 337
Drill 98–99. Participles and Periphrastics 339
Drill 99–102. Short Sentences and Syntax 343
Drill Sentences, Chapter X 345
Drill 104–105. Infinitives 355
Drill 106. Indirect Statement 359
Drill 108. Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Statement 365
Drill 109. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs 367
Drill 110. Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs 373
Drill 111. Constructions with the Comparative and Superlative Degrees 377
Drill Sentences, Chapter XI 381
vi Contents
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Drill 113–114. Direct Questions and Deliberative Subjunctive 391
Drill 115–116. Indirect Questions and Doubting Clauses 395
Drill 117. Subordinate Clauses II: The Conjunction cum 399
Drill 118–119. volô, nôlô, mâlô; Negative Commands with nôlî and nôlîte 403
Drill Sentences, Chapter XII 409
Drill 122. Gerunds and Gerundives 419
Drill 123. Subordinate Clauses III 425
Drill 124. Correlatives 427
Drill 125. The Irregular Verb fîô 431
Drill 126–129. Short Sentences and Syntax 435
Drill Sentences, Chapter XIII 437
Drill 131–133. Result Clauses, Relative Clauses of Result, and Substantive Ut Clauses 445
Drill 134. fore ut Construction 447
Drill 135. Impersonal Constructions I 449
Drill Sentences, Chapter XIV 451
Drill 137. Fear Clauses 461
Drill 138. Prevention Clauses 463
Drill 139. Impersonal Constructions II 465
Drill 140. Direct and Indirect Reflexives 469
Drill 141–145. Short Sentences and Syntax 471
Drill Sentences, Chapter XV 473
Latin to English Vocabulary 479
English to Latin Vocabulary 489
Morphology Appendix 503
Chapter handouts and synopsis forms can be found at the back of this workbook
Contents vii
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PREFACE
This workbook contains drills written to accompany the Introduction and each of the fifteen chap-
ters of the textbook Learn to Read Latin. The drill numbers correspond to numbers of sections in the
text in which morphology and syntax are presented. After most sections the student is referred to the
appropriate drill for reinforcement of the forms and syntax just presented. In addition, this work-
book contains drill sentences for each chapter. These synthetic Latin sentences have been written to
give substantial practice in the new vocabulary, morphology, and syntax of each chapter, while also
reviewing material taught in earlier chapters. The drill sentences may also be studied for patterns
and effects of Latin prose word order.
Because the workbook pages are perforated, all drills and drill sentences may be detached and
used for homework assignments as well as for work in class.
At the back of the workbook are two or three handouts for each chapter. These handouts, which
should be removed from the book and used for study as each chapter is presented, give compact
summaries of all the morphology and syntax taught in each chapter. They do not include a list of the
new vocabulary, which is given in the beginning of each chapter in the textbook.
Included with the handouts for several chapters are synopsis sheets to be used for reviewing
verb morphology. The synopsis sheets provided should be torn out and used to make multiple copies
for students.
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Drill A Pronunciation
A. Pronounce these pairs of words, taking particular care to distinguish the sounds of the vowels and
diphthongs.
1. âra ârâ 11. veniunt venient
2. venit vênit 12. cîvês dîves
3. dûcere dûcêre 13. miserâs mîserâs
4. audîs audês 14. vidêre vîdêre
5. Claudius Clôdius 15. êgêre egêre
6. cîvis cîvîs 16. capî cêpî
7. cadit caedit 17. cornû cornua
8. poena poêta 18. ducis dûcis
9. ageris agêris 19. sênsimus sentîmus
10. putet putêtur 20. coepisse cêpisse
B. 1. Copy and divide the following words into syllables and mark the syllable to be stressed by placing an x
above it. If the word is one syllable, proceed to 2.
2. Pronounce the word out loud. Remember: there are no silent letters in Latin.
x
Example: salûtâtiônês sa/lû/tâ/ti/ô/nês
1. et 2. nôn
3. sîc 4. vel
5. heu 6. dê
7. cui 8. huic
9. tamen 10. lingua
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11. hôrum 12. optant
13. flûctus 14. gerunt
15. laudâtur 16. habentur
17. miserae 18. quaesîvêrunt
19. gladiôs 20. coeperant
21. obtineô 22. urbs
23. lîbertâs 24. servitûs
25. inquit 26. nautârum
27. poenâs 28. patriam
29. saevae 30. îram
31. memorem 32. Iûnônis
2 In t roduct ion
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33. Iuppiter 34. senâtûs
35. sententiâ 36. ambulâvêre
37. aurês 38. caecô
39. laudâta 40. perîculôsî
41. ingentem 42. iaciet
43. iaciunt 44. deinde
45. gererentur 46. laetissimus
47. iûra 48. iam
49. ambulâveris 50. convocâvêrunt
51. istîus 52. essêtis
53. cêpistî 54. cecidissent
Dri l l A . Pronunc ia t ion 3
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55. sanguine 56. anguibus
57. cônsuêscô 58. persuâdêre
59. sumus 60. agunt
61. intellegit 62. quem
63. haec 64. aequora
65. magistrôs 66. pecûniôsum
67. cônsiliô 68. verba
69. aquâ 70. fêminâ
71. fêmina 72. aqua
4 In t roduct ion
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C. Read the following passages out loud.
1. Caesar, Dê Bellô Gallicô I.1
Gallia est omnis dîvîsa in partês três, quârum ûnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquîtânî, tertiam
quî ipsôrum linguâ Celtae, nostrâ Gallî appellantur. Hî omnês linguâ, înstitûtîs, lêgibus
inter sê differunt. Gallôs ab Aquîtânîs Garumna flûmen, â Belgîs Matrona et Sêquana
dîvidit. Hôrum omnium fortissimî sunt Belgae, proptereâ quod â cultû atque hûmânitâte
prôvinciae longissimê absunt minimêque ad eôs mercâtôrês saepe commeant atque ea
quae ad effêminandôs animôs pertinent important proximîque sunt Germânîs, quî trâns
Rhênum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Quâ dê causâ Helvêtiî quoque
reliquôs Gallôs virtûte praecêdunt, quod ferê côtîdiânîs proeliîs cum Germânîs contendunt,
cum aut suîs fînibus eôs prohibent aut ipsî in eôrum fînibus bellum gerunt.
2. Cicero, In Catilînam I 1–2
Quô ûsque tandem abûtêre, Catilîna, patientiâ nostrâ? Quam diû etiam furor iste tuus nôs
êlûdet? Quem ad fînem sêsê effrênâta iactâbit audâcia? Nihilne tê nocturnum praesidium
Palâtî, nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populî, nihil concursus bonôrum omnium, nihil hic
mûnîtissimus habendî senâtûs locus, nihil hôrum ôra voltûsque môvêrunt? Patêre tua
cônsilia nôn sentîs, cônstrictam iam hôrum omnium scientiâ tenêrî coniûrâtiônem1 tuam
nôn vidês? Quid proximâ, quid superiôre nocte êgeris, ubi fueris, quôs convocâveris, quid
cônsilî cêperis quem nostrum ignôrâre arbitrâris? ô tempora, ô môrês! Senâtus haec intelle-
git, cônsul videt; hic tamen vîvit. Vîvit? Immô vêrô etiam in senâtum venit, fit pûblicî cônsilî
particeps, notat et dêsignat oculîs ad caedem ûnum quemque nostrum. Nôs autem fortês
virî satis facere reî pûblicae vidêmur, sî istîus furôrem ac têla vîtêmus. Ad mortem tê,
Catilîna, dûcî iussû cônsulis iam prîdem oportêbat, in tê cônferrî pestem quam tû in nôs
omnîs iam diû mâchinâris.
Dri l l A . Pronunc ia t ion 5
1. The first -i- of coniûrâtiônem, a compound, is consonantal.
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Drill 1 The Latin Noun
A. The three properties of the Latin noun are _______________, _______________, and ________________.
B. Recite from memory in order the names of the six cases of the noun in Latin.
C. Write next to each abbreviation the full name of each case and its basic function(s):
Nom. __________________________________________________________________________
Gen. __________________________________________________________________________
Dat. __________________________________________________________________________
Acc. __________________________________________________________________________
Abl. __________________________________________________________________________
Voc. __________________________________________________________________________
D. Fill in the blanks. Do not use abbreviations.
1. Latin uses the ____________________ case to express the subject of a sentence.
2. “From” indicates an idea of ____________________ and is expressed by the
____________________ case.
3. The genitive case is most often translated with the English preposition _________________.
4. In the sentence “He walks with a cane,” the syntax of “with a cane” would be
____________________ of ____________________. The Latin preposition cum, “with,”
would/would not (circle one) be used.
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5. “To” or “for” are English prepositions used to translate Latin nouns in the
____________________ case.
6. In the sentence “She is a dancer,” the syntax of “dancer” in Latin would be
_______________________________________, and the ____________________ case would
be used for “dancer.”
7. In the sentence “We took a trip with friends,” the syntax of “(with) friends” in Latin would
be ____________________ of ____________________. The Latin preposition cum, “with,”
would/would not (circle one) be used.
8. The direct object of a verb appears in Latin in the ____________________ case.
9. Four English prepositions that may be used when translating the Latin ablative case are:
_____________, _____________, _____________, and _____________.
10. In the sentence “He showed the man a book,” the Latin syntax of “man” would be
____________________ of ____________________. The Latin syntax of “book” would be
____________________, ____________________.
11. The vocative case is used to express ____________________.
12. In the sentence “The boy will become a man,” the syntax of “man” would be
_______________________________________.
8 Chapter I
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Drill 2–3 The Five Declensions; First Declension
A. Fill in the blanks. Do not use abbreviations.
1. There are _____________ families of nouns in Latin, and they are called
_______________________________________.
2. A full vocabulary entry for a Latin noun contains four elements: ____________________,
____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
3. The genitive singular form is important for two reasons:
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. When one generates a complete set of forms for a Latin noun, one is said to
____________________ that noun.
5. To find the stem of any Latin noun, _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
B. Recite from memory the endings of the first declension. Be sure to go down the singular column and
then down the plural.
C. On a separate sheet, decline fully the nouns anima, poêta, and fîlia.
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D. Write these forms in Latin.
Example: gen. pl. of fîlia fîliârum
1. acc. sing. of nauta 2. abl. sing. of via
3. acc. pl. of agricola 4. dat. sing. of anima
5. voc. sing. of puella 6. nom. pl. of însula
7. abl. pl. of via 8. gen. sing. of patria
9. acc. sing. of pecûnia 10. voc. pl. of nauta
11. dat. pl. of dea 12. gen. sing. of fâma
13. gen. pl. of patria 14. acc. sing. of puella
15. abl. sing. of rêgîna 16. nom. pl. of poêta
17. gen. sing. of Italia 18. dat. pl. of agricola
19. acc. pl. of fêmina 20. dat. sing. of fîlia
10 Chapter I
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E. Identify (give case, number, and gender) and translate each form. Give all possibilities.1
Example: puellae (4)
gen. sing. fem.: “of the girl”
dat. sing. fem.: “to/for the girl”
nom. pl. fem.: “girls” (subj./pred. nom.)
voc. pl. fem.: “girls” (direct address)
1. puellâs
2. fêminârum
3. puella (2)
4. fêminae (4)
5. animam
6. patriâs
7. animârum
8. patriîs (2)
Dri l l 2–3 . The F ive Dec lens ions ; F i rs t Dec lens ion 11
1. The number of possibilities is given in parentheses when it is greater than one.
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9. însulâ
10. agricolîs (2)
11. agricola (2)
12. însulam
13. viae (4)
14. rêgînâs
15. viîs (2)
16. rêgînae (4)
12 Chapter I
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17. pecûnia (2)
18. deam
19. pecûniâ
20. deâs
F. Write in Latin.
1. of the women 2. to the poets
3. by rumor 4. of souls
5. for the queen 6. farmers (pred. nom.)
7. girls! (addressed directly) 8. of the country
9. goddesses (d.o.) 10. with money
11. islands (subj.) 12. for the girl
13. by the streets 14. sailors (d.o.)
15. of the soul 16. the country (subj.)
Dri l l 2–3 . The F ive Dec lens ions ; F i rs t Dec lens ion 13
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17. for a farmer 18. goddess (addressed directly)
19. daughter (d.o.) 20. of Italy
G. Translate these prepositional phrases into English.
1. ê patriâ 2. in poêtam
3. ex Italiâ 4. cum agricolîs
5. in viam 6. dê animâ
7. in rêgînam 8. ad Italiam
9. ad rêgînam 10. ab însulâ
11. dê fâmâ 12. ad însulam
13. cum poêtîs 14. in Italiâ
15. â patriâ 16. cum fêminâ
17. ab Italiâ 18. in nautâs
19. cum fîliâbus 20. in patriâ
14 Chapter I
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H. Give the full vocabulary entry for the following nouns.
Example: soul anima, animae f.
1. talk, rumor
2. woman
3. poet
4. island
5. daughter
6. goddess
7. street
8. Italy
Dri l l 2–3 . The F ive Dec lens ions ; F i rs t Dec lens ion 15
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16 Chapter I
9. money
10. queen
11. farmer
12. girl
13. sailor
14. country
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Drill 4 Second Declension
A. Recite from memory the endings for masculine and feminine nouns of the second declension.
B. On a separate sheet decline fully the nouns ager, fîlius, and dominus.
C. Recite from memory the endings for neuter nouns of the second declension.
D. On a separate sheet decline fully the nouns dônum, cônsilium, and verbum.
E. Write these forms in Latin.
Example: abl. sing. of aurum aurô
1. voc. sing. of dominus 2. acc. pl. of ager
3. gen. pl. of dônum 4. dat. sing. of servus
5. gen. sing. of liber 6. voc. sing. of vir
7. abl. pl. of deus 8. acc. sing. of puer
9. acc. sing. of vir 10. nom. pl. of cônsilium
11. dat. pl. of verbum 12. acc. pl. of dominus
13. gen. sing. of cônsilium (2) 14. abl. sing. of ferrum
15. voc. sing. of fîlius 16. gen. pl. of bellum
17. acc. pl. of perîculum 18. dat. pl. of deus
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19. abl. pl. of gladius 20. gen. pl. of deus (2)
21. acc. sing. of oppidum 22. acc. sing. of factum
23. voc. pl. of deus (2) 24. abl. sing. of aurum
F. Identify (give case, number, and gender) and translate each form. Give all possibilities.
Example: gladiô (2)
dat. sing. masc.: “for a sword”
abl. sing. masc.: “with a sword”
1. fîlî (2)
2. dominum
3. fîliôs
4. dominî (3)
5. cônsilia (3)
18 Chapter I
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6. puerôrum
7. librôs
8. puerum
9. librî (3)
10. cônsiliôrum
11. virîs (2)
12. virum
13. servî (3)
14. ferrô (2)
15. servôrum
16. ferrum (3)
Dri l l 4 . Second Dec lens ion 19
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17. ager (2)
18. gladiîs (2)
19. agrôs
20. gladiî (3)
21. verbîs (2)
22. dônô (2)
23. verbî
24. dônum (3)
25. domine
26. oppidî
20 Chapter I
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27. bellôrum
28. oppida (3)
29. bellum (3)
30. dî (2)
31. dominô (2)
32. dîs (2)
G. Write in Latin.
1. for the boy 2. plans (subj.)
3. iron (pred. nom.) 4. field (d.o.)
5. by gold 6. wars (subj.)
Dri l l 4 . Second Dec lens ion 21
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7. with the men 8. of a plan (2)
9. master (addressed directly) 10. sons (d.o.)
11. gift (subj.) 12. by words
13. of books 14. danger (d.o.)
15
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