Section Ⅲ Grammar—“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
语法图解
探究发现
①However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.
②However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ， to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.
③Later, they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.
④They may start as a group of highschool students, for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame.
[我的发现]
(1)以上四个句子都使用了“ ”引导的定语从句。先行词若指物，那么介词后的关系代词用 ；若指人，则用 。
(2)以上四个句子中，第①句是 定语从句，第②③④句是_________定语从句。
介词＋关系代词
which
whom
限制性
非限制性
一、基本构成
在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替。
There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.
汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。
He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.
他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
The university in which my brother once studied is very famous.
我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。
[即时演练1] 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①Our school is very beautiful, we are greatly proud.
②Thank you for your help, we couldn't have finished it on time.
③This is the man I learned a lot in my life.
④Wang Hong, I went to the concert, enjoyed herself very much.
of which
without which
from whom
with whom
二、介词不能提前的情况
有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take part in, call on, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。
This must be the key that she is looking for.
这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。
This is the baby whom you will look after.
这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。
We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。
[即时演练2] 补全句子
①As far as I know, he is a man __________________________ (很难相处)．
②This is the baby ___________________________________ (我奶奶照看的)．
who is hard to get along with
whom/that my grandma takes care of
三、“介词＋关系代词”的拓展
1．复杂介词＋关系代词
用于该结构中的关系代词有which, whom和whose。常用的复杂介词有because of, in front of, as a result of, at the back of等。
He was badly hurt in the accident, because of which he didn't go to work.
他在事故中严重受伤。因此，他没去上班。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy.
他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。
2．表部分或整体概念的“代词＋of＋关系代词”
表示部分与整体概念的代词有both, all, neither, none, either, some, any, most, few, half等。
China has lots of islands, one of which is Hainan Island.
中国有很多岛屿，其中之一是海南岛。
The old man has three sons, all of whom care about him.
那位老人有3个儿子，他们都很关心他。
[即时演练3] 补全句子
①There are sixty students in our class in all, most of whom are from villages (他们中的多数都来自农村)．
②Two girls came to see the car, (她们中没有一个) likes it.
③The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _______________(它们中的80%) are sold abroad.
④He was ill yesterday, _______________ (由于这……) he couldn't go to school.
80% of which
neither of whom
as a result of which
3．the＋名词＋of＋关系代词
此结构用来代替“whose＋名词”，也可用“of which the＋名词”。
They do experiments in a lab, the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows face south.
他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。
I will talk to those students the homework of whom/whose homework/of whom the homework hasn't been done.
我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。
[即时演练4] 补全句子
①There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
有两栋建筑物，其中较大的那栋建筑物将近有100英尺高。
②I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black because of disease.
→I saw some trees, were black because of disease.
→I saw some trees, were black because of disease.
我看到一些树，由于生病树叶是黑的。
the larger of which
whose leaves
of which the leaves
4．关系副词when, where, why可用“介词＋which”来代替
I often think of the moment when (＝ at which) I saw the UFO.
我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。
The police searched the house where (＝ in which) the thief had stayed.
警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。
I don't know the reason why (＝ for which) he performed badly.
我不知道他为什么表现差。
[即时演练5] 句型转换
①We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.
→We are in a position we may lose a large sum of money.
②We are looking forward to the day when we will get together.
→We are looking forward to the day we will get together.
③I don't know the reason why the house is so dirty.
→I don't know the reason the house is so dirty.
in which
on which
for which
四、the way后定语从句的关系词
way表示“方法，方式”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：
1．the way的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that和which均可，作宾语时可省略。
The way (that/which) he thought of to prevent the air pollution was very good.
他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(关系词代替the way在定语从句中用作thought of的宾语)
2．the way的关系词在定语从句中作方式状语时，用that或in which均可，现代
英语
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倾向于省略关系词。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother.
我不喜欢你同你母亲说话的方式。
[即时演练6] 关系词填空
①The villagers thought highly of the way we treated the beggar.
②The way you told me wasn't practical.
③He suggested settling the problem in a way was peaceful.
(in which/that)
(that/which)
which/that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·重庆高考改编)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
2．The children, all of had played the whole day long, were tired.
3．Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.
which
whom
which
4．This is the man whom I learned of the good news.
5．This is the man whom I have worked together for twenty years.
6．Do you remember the place which we had lunch last Sunday?
7．We have got 16 medals, most of were won by women.
from
with
in
which
8．Is this the watch he was looking for?
9．The plan which most people present didn't agree was called off.
10．The football team has 15 members, the oldest of
is 25 years old.
which/that
to
whom
Ⅱ.用定语从句把下面两个句子合成一个句子
1．She has two daughters. One of them is a doctor.
She has two daughters, is a doctor.
2．The boy was often late for school. The reason is still unknown.
The reason the boy was often late for school is still unknown.
3．China has thousands of islands. Hainan Island is the largest among them.
China has thousands of islands, Hainan Island is the largest.
for which
one of whom
of which
4．Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase. Its price was very reasonable.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price
was very reasonable.
5．In the distance there is a hill. On the top of it stands a white temple.
In the distance there is a hill, on the top stands a white temple.
6．I have bought two books recently. Neither of them interests my brother.
I have bought two books recently, ________________________ ___________.
of which
of which
neither of which interests
my brother
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study, _________________________.
结果，我别无选择只好完全投入到我的学习中去，我为此感到非常遗憾。
2．I'll never forget the day _____________________________.
我永远都不会忘记开始上高中的那一天。
3．My father gave me some extra money, ____________________
____________.
父亲给我一些额外的钱，用这些钱我买了一些书。
for which I am very sorry
on which I started high school
with which I bought
some books
4．I am very familiar with the school _____________________
for twenty years.
我对在其中已经工作了20年的这个学校很熟悉。
5．They are the very people __________________________ for help.
他们就是你总是可以向其求助的人。
6．He relies on his relatives ___________________________
_______.
他依赖于经常借钱给他的亲戚。
in which I have worked
to whom you can always turn
from whom he often borrows
money
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