2018届高三英语一轮复习专题三形容词和副词课件新人教版

专题三 形容词和副词 比较等级 ——考题尝试(单句改错) 1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. 2．(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest. worse→worst favoritest→favorite ——规则点拨 一、形容词和副词原级比较的用法 1．基本用法。 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。 This building looks not so/as high as that one. 这座大楼看上去不如那座高。 Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. 徐小姐说英语和你一样流利。 2．特殊句式。 (1)sth.is as much A as it is B的意思是“某物既是A也是B”。 Teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。 (2)A is to B as C is to D的意思是“A对于B来说就好像C对于D一样”。 Books is to him as water is to fish. 书对于他来说就好像水对于鱼来说一样重要。 3．“as＋形容词＋as＋数量词”，这时“as ...as ...”结构通常译为“多达，长达，宽达，高达”等。 The tree is as tall as 13 meters. 这棵树高达13米。 二、形容词和副词比较级的用法 1．双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这幅画比那幅要漂亮。 2．表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one. 这间房间不如那间漂亮。 3．表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far等修饰。 He works even harder than before. 他比以前工作更努力了。 4．表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the十比较级(主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构，意为“越……就越……”。 The harder he works, the happier he feels. 他工作越努力就越高兴。 5．不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。 三、形容词和副词最高级的用法 1．三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常跟有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. 张华是这三个人中最高的那个。 2．最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。 This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. 这顶帽子显然/绝对/几乎/差不多/远非/绝不/不完全/完全不是最大的。 How much did the second most expensive hat cost? 第二贵的那顶帽子花了多少钱？ [注意事项] 1．某些以­ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有：inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 他在化学上比张老师优秀。 2．否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思。 I can't think of a better idea. 这是我想到的最好的办法了。 3．表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are (meaningful) things to do. 2．—Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? —Not at all. I can't have a (bad) one. 3．Of the two boys, Jim is the (young) one, and he is also the one who loves to be noisy. more meaningful worse younger 4．At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be (good) if someone offered to help them. 5．On our way home, the journey was much (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive. better easier 形容词、副词词形变化或词性转换 ——考题尝试(单句改错) 1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. steady→steadily freely→free 3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried. seriously→serious terrible→terribly ——规则点拨 一、名词变形容词的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 1．一些名词，包括一些与“天气”有关的名词，后面加­y可变成形容词。如rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy等。 2．一些抽象名词在其词尾加­ful可以变为形容词。如care—careful, help—helpful, use—useful等。 3．一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加­ese或­n构成形容词。如Japan—Japanese, America—American, Australia—Australian等。注意：Canada—Canadian, China—Chinese, England—English。 4．在名词后加­ous变成形容词。如danger—dangerous等。 5．在名词后加­ly变成形容词。如friend—friendly, love—lovely等。 6．在名词后加­less变成含有否定意义的形容词。如care—careless (粗心的), use—useless (无用的), hope—hopeless (没希望的), home—homeless (无家可归的)等。 7．一些以­ence结尾的名词，把­ence改为­ent变成形容词。如difference—different, silence—silent等。 8．在名词后加­al或去掉­e再加­al或­inal构成形容词。如critic—critical, nature—natural, crime—criminal等。 二、形容词变副词的方法 1．一般在形容词的词尾加­ly将其变成副词。 如quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等。 2．一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把­y改为­i，再加­ly。如happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily等。 3．有些以­ble或­le结尾的形容词，去掉­e再加­y。如possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。 4．少数以­e结尾的形容词，要去掉­e再加­ly。如true—truly等。但绝大多数以­e结尾的形容词仍然直接加­ly。如polite—politely, wide—widely等。 5．以­l结尾的形容词要在词尾加­ly，以­ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加­y。如usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。 [注意事项] 1．以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加­y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。 2．少数以不发音的­e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉­e，再加­y。如：noise—noisy, ice—icy等。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·广东汕头二模)My aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital, and the treatment she provided gave my parents (value) time to take me to the hospital. 2．Ron had a (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring. valuable successful 3．(2017·衡阳八中二模)He was very good­looking, with a very pleasant, sociable manner, and after the introductions, conversation flowed most ________ (enjoy) in the little group. 4．(2017·南昌高三二模)__________ (curious), I gave him my full attention. 5．(2017·山西运城期末调研) (obvious), I was doing very badly. 6．(2017·西北师大附中月考)Chopsticks originated in China, but they are (wide) used in many Asian countries. enjoyably Curiously Obviously widely 一、形容词和副词在语法填空中的命题点 1．考查形容词或副词的比较等级 所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。 ①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance. 解析：greater　本空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。 ②(2014·辽宁高考)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 解析：harder　这里是“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。 2．考查词类转换 所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。 ①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 解析：officially　修饰动词应用副词形式。 ②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 解析：ability　空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。 示例 ①(2015·浙江高考)On the left­hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：__________ ②(2015·陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. 答案：_________ 点拨 ①修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应 用形容词而不用副词； ②系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。 二、形容词和副词在短文改错中的命题点 1．形容词与副词的错用 easy→easily well→good 示 例 ①(2016·浙江高考)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. 答案：_________ ②(2014·辽宁高考)Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. 答案：_______________ 2．形近引起的错用 late→later Beside→Besides 点 拨 有些词词形看似差不多但实际词意相差甚远，例如： ①hard用作副词时表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“几 乎不”； ②sometimes表示“有时”，而sometime表示“某个时 候”； ③high表示具体的高，而highly表示抽象的高。 ④late, later, lately： late adj.迟到，近深夜的 adv.迟，晚 later(也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来， 以后 lately adv.(＝recently)最近，近来 ⑤besides与beside：besides作介词，后应接宾语，表示 “除……之外(还)”；作副词，表示与上文的递进关 系，意为“此外”；beside只能作介词，意为“在旁边 (或附近)”。 示例 (2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. 答案：__________ 点拨 ①比较级与最高级的错用。表示二者比较用比较 级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级； ②原级与比较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较 意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示同等程度的 比较则用原级； ③比较级的重复。若形容词或副词后面加了­er， 前面就不能再用more。 3．比较等级的错用 better→best 三、形容词和副词在书面表达中的增分点 [增分技法] 1．正确使用形容词和副词。 ①那天我病得很厉害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。 I was seriously ill that day, but unfortunately, Dad wasn't at home. ②又惊又怕，他不知道该怎么办。 Frightened and surprised, he was at a loss what to do. 2．正确使用比较级、最高级。 ①说着容易做着难。 It's easier said than carried out. ②现在，学好英语是你最最重要的事情。 At the moment, learning English well is by far the most important thing for you. [巧用增分] ①终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(hungry, tired) ②唱歌可以使人放松，也可以帮助减轻压力。(sing songs, relaxing, reduce stress) At last, we arrived home, hungry and tired. Singing songs is relaxing, which can help reduce stress. ③我听说你上周病了。你现在轻一点了吗？(be ill, any better) ④我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级) ____________________________________________________________ I hear that you were ill last week. Are you any better now? I think English is much easier and much more interesting than math. [题点对点练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2017·河南省高考适应性模拟)I found it hard to hear her commentary (评论) as she seemed to be talking to only the three or four people (close) to her. 2．(2017·郑州高三诊断)But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much (good)． closer better 3．(2017·保定二模)As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the (likely) we will be able to achieve our goals. 4．(2017·唐山一中仿真模拟一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ________ (young) ages. 5．(2017·聊城二模)The more I thought about it, the ______ (bad) my mood became. 6．(2016·聊城三模)One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. more likely younger worse worst 7．(2017·河北隆化存瑞中学高三二检)There are _________ (amaze) things in the world. 8．(2017·龙岩3月质检)No one is beyond the law, so it is __________ (reason) that the talented young university student was sentenced to death for murdering his roommate with poison. amazing reasonable Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2017·成都外国语学校月考)His calming, gently voice did wonders and I decided to study harder and complete my graduation early. 2．(2017·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)If smokers can't quit smoking once and for all, they can reduce the number of cigarettes they have per day until this bad habit is dropped complete. gently→gentle; early→earlier complete→completely 3．(2017·福州十三中期中考试)She is strong against my going there. 4．(2014·浙江高考)I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 5．(2014·辽宁高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. strong→strongly noise→noisy closely→close Ⅲ.单句写作 1．李华各科成绩都很好。在我看来，与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。(do well in, subject, in my opinion, diligent, intelligent) Li Hua does well in all his subjects. In my opinion, he is more diligent than intelligent. 2．在全身心投入之后，他发现学英语越来越有趣，并且他的英语成绩也越来越好。(put one's heart into, find, get better) 3．他给我们讲了一个吸引人的 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt ，我们被他的故事迷住了。(fascinating, be fascinated by) After putting his heart into it, he finds learning English more and more interesting and his English is getting better and better. He told us a fascinating story and we were fascinated by his story. [题型综合练] Ⅰ.语法填空 (2017·福建五校统考)According to a recent survey, violence does exist in schools. Students show their fear; parents and teachers also __1__ (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents. Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, which __3__ (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort __4__ (prevent) school violence happening, for more and more students would drop out if their personal __5__ (safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. __6__ (actual), children learn violent behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet. If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in __8__ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me __9__ bad guys. All in all, we students should behave __10__ (we) and keep away from violence. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 语篇解读：学校存在暴力，这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。 1．express　根据语境，特别是前一分句中的show可知，此处应用一般现在时，parents and teachers与express为主谓关系，故填express。 2．the　the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。 3．calls　 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，指代“a phenomenon”，与call为主谓关系，再由“I think this is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填calls。 4．to prevent　我们应当尽一切努力阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“尽力做某事”。 5．safety　根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。 6．Actually　分析句子结构可知，空处所填词位于句首，修饰全句，作状语，故用副词Actually。 7．what　分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，相当于the things that，故用what。 8．more　句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的争斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级more。 9．from　protect ...from ...意为“使……免受……之害”，为固定搭配。 10．ourselves　behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止得体”；再由提示词we可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。 Ⅱ.短文改错 (2017·山东泰安一模)Everyone should take the action to reduce haze (雾霾), which is harmless to our health. First of all, I believe that if we plant more tree, there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb car exhaust fumes, thus reduce pollution. Second, the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to people's health. Maybe we can move factories to areas where few people live. Third, I think it was a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation. Last but not least, we can call on citizens ride bikes if they travel short journeys. 答案：第一句：去掉the; harmless→harmful 第二句：tree→trees; their→our 第三句：reduce→reducing 第四句：where→which/that 第五句：is→are; greatly→great 第七句：was→is 第八句：ride前加to