全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案解析(1)

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案解析全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案Unit1I.Vocabulary1.1)alliance          2) atthecostof  3)stroke           4) limp  5)minus           6) regions  7)declarations        8)siege     9)raw            10)bidehistime  11)havetakentheirtoll     12)inthecaseof2.1)isfacedwith         2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon   4)dragon5)getby           6)dineout7)havecutback        8)getthrough3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.2)Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkers’strike.3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.4)Obviouslythereporter'squestioncaughttheforeignministeroff guard.5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate.4.1)Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbases.2)Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmanycases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.II.MoreSynonymsinContext1)  DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.SomeofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesofFranceandBelgium.2)  Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.3) Ispenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmywords.4) Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.III.Usage1)Butoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallylearntoappreciategoodhealth.2)Aricholdladylaydeadathomefortwoweeks—andnobodyknewanythingaboutit.3)It'ssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewasatwork.4)Don'tsittooclosetothefiretokeepwarm—youcouldeasilygetburned,especiallyifyoufallasleep.5)Inthosedayspeoplebelievedinmarryingyoungandhavingchildrenearly.6)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafewminutes.Structure1.1) Tohisgreatdelight,Dr.Dengdiscoveredtwogenesinwildricethatcanincreasetheyieldby30percent.2) Tohergreatrelief,herdaughterhadleftthebuildingbeforeitcollapsed.3) Toourdisappointment,ourwomen'steamlostouttotheNorthKoreans.4) Wethink,muchtoourregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisityouduringthecomingChristmas.2.1)Thesebirdsnestinthevastswamps(whichlietothe)eastoftheNile.2)By1948,thePeople'sLiberationArmyhadgainedcontrolofthevastareasnorthoftheYangtzeRiver.3)MichellewasborninasmallvillageinthenorthofFrance,butcametoliveintheUnitedStatesattheageoffour.4) TheColumbiaRiverrisesinwesternCanadaandcontinues/runsthroughtheUnitedStatesforabout1,900kilometerswestoftheRockyMountains.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze2.  standintheway4.  catching...offhisguard6.  declaration8.  dragon10.  bringing...toahalt(A)1.invasion3.Conquest5.launching7.campaign9.reckonwith(B) 1.allow2..reckoned3.highly4.forecasts5.rapidly6.instant7.delivery8.advantage9.observing10.PowerfulII.Translation1)Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm.2)Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.3)Havingbeencutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.4)Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.5)Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofsolution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwerefacedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.Unit2I.Vocabulary1.1.expansion  2.automated  3.vapor   4.takecontrolof5.hazards  6.satellite  7.vibrated   8.magnetic9.bunched  10.intheair  11.gotstuckin 12.approximately2.1.sendout  2.standupfor   3.passfor4.wereclosinginon   5.startingup6.wentthrough  7.fillout   8.fallinto3.1)theapplication,remote,hasturnedintoareality,arepoisedto2)thatvibrate,candetect,frequency3)lanes,aremountedin,alerta,hazardII.WordformationKilogram  MedicalcareMemorandum  ElectronicmailGymnasium  CommunicationssatelliteLiberation  NewsbroadcastDoctor  SkyhijackVeterinarian  EuropeandollarPreparatory  BreakfastandlunchAutomobile  Televisionbroadcastinfluenza  OxfordandCambridgeIII.Usage1)swimmingpool2)drawingboard3)enrichedMiddleEnglish4)disturbingchange5)fullydevelopedprototype6)Cannedfoods7)workingpopulation8)puzzlingdifferencesComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze1)computerized  2)startup  3)bepoisedto  4)alert5)hazards    6)monotonous7)takecontrolof 8)steer  9)lane     10)decrease  11)calculate   12)eliminate13)gettingstuckin 14)mounted 15)detect    16)vapor1)generates   2)related  3)revolutionized 4)enabled 5)opportunities  6)overall  7)manufacturing 8)dependent   9)interact    10)fatalitiesII.Translation1)Therewasanunusualquietnessintheair,exceptforthesoundofartilleryinthedistance.2)TheexpansionofurbanareasinsomeAfricancountrieshasbeencausingasignificantfallinlivingstandardsandanincreaseinsocialproblems.3)Theresearchshowsthatatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsarecloselycorrelatedwithglobaltemperatures.4)Thefrequencyofthebusservicehasbeenimprovedfrom15to12minuterecently.5)Thediverstoodontheedgeofthedivingboard,poisedtojumpatthesignalfromthecoach.Automobileshave,sincetheirinvention,revolutionizedtransportation,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Ontheotherhand,theyhavebroughthazards,especiallyhighwayfatalities.However,todaytheapplicationofcomputertechnologyandelectronicsensorsindesigningandmanufacturingcarsmakesitpossibletoeliminatemostoftrafficaccidents.Forexample,electronicsensorsmountedinyourcarcandetectalcoholvaporintheairandrefusetostartuptheengine.Theycanalsomonitorroadconditionsbyreceivingradiosignalssentoutfromorbitingsatellitesandgreatlyreduceyourchancesofgettingstuckintrafficjams.Unit3I.Vocabulary1)rude    2)physically   3)structure    4)madeadifference5)blurted(out) 6)chuckling   7)Measurable  8)prospective9)preparations 10)Sparkled   11)tookacrackat 12)partner1)goafter  2)lookbackat/on 3)beputup   4)stoodfor5)buildin  6)followup   7)behookedupto 8)closedup1)grilledheraboutwhereshehadbeenallnight2)beyondCinderella’swildestdreamsthatshecouldonedaydanceintheKing’spalace3)willbeinreaders'handssoon4)doyourhomeworkbeforegoingonaninterview.5)wasintheneighborhoodof150dollars.1）applicants,veteran,theprospective2）Fromhisstandpoint,hasmadeeveryendeavortogoafter3)asthesayinggoes,tohaveacrackat,barely1.Behave2.usedtoavoidrepetition3.clean4.getalong5.perform/complete6.perform/complete7.Study8.beenough9.beacceptableStructure1.Thereissomuchtosayanditishardtoknowwheretobegin.OK,I’lltalkaboutmyselffirst.2.Thankyouverymuch,John,foryourbeautifulChristmascard.Bytheway,Ihavesomethinghereforyou.3.Thenewcomputerlanguagecanbequiteeasilyunderstoodbyanyonewhocanreadthedailynewspaper.Now,whyisthisanadvantage?4.I’mgoingtoworkouttheoutlineandwillletyouknowhowitgoes.Bytheway,IwillseeyouinFebruary,asIplantoattendyourseminarinShanghai.5.OK,yougotthejob.Now,howtomaximizeyourprofitswithaslittleeffortaspossible?6.ChrisisbackfromAustralia.Incidentally,thosepicturesyousentmearewonderful.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze(1)Prospective(2)AsIseeit(3)doneyourhomework(4)beforehand(5)Endeavor(6)structure(7)Partners(8)Respond(9)takeacrack(10)fromthestandpoint(11)makeadifference(12)followup(1)encouraging(2)inquiry(3)relevant (4)samples(5)references(6)advice(7)preparing(8)seriously(9)probably (10)exhibitII.Translation1)Despitetheinadequatelengthoftheairstripinthisemergencylanding,theveteranpilotmanagedtostoptheplaneaftertaxiingforonlyashortwhile.2)Grilledbythereporters,themoviestareventuallyblurted(out)thatshehadundergonetwoplasticsurgeries.3)Wehavethetechnologyandourpartnerhasthecapital.Workingtogether,we’llhavethefutureinourhands.4)IfIhadknownbeforehandthatyouwouldbringsomanyfriendshome,Iwouldhavemadebetterpreparations.Yousee,Ihavebarelyenoughfoodanddrinksforasnack.5)Peoplegavegenerouslyuponlearningthatnewschoolroomswithstrongerstructuresweretobebuiltintheearthquake-strickenarea.Wellbegun,halfdone,asthesayinggoes.Itisextremelyimportantforajobapplicanttodohishomeworkwhileseekingemployment.Frommystandpoint,whetherornotonehasdonehishomeworkclearlymakesadifferenceinhischanceofsuccess.Ihaveafriendwhoisearningsomewhereintheneighborhoodof100,000dollarsayearsinalargecomputersoftwarecompany.Hetoldmethatfromhisownexperiencethedecisionmakerswhointerviewprospectiveemployeeslikepeoplewhoarewellprepared.Thosewhomakenoendeavortolearnasmuchabouthisprospectiveemployeraspossibledon’thavemuchofachanceofsuccess.Unit4I.Vocabulary1)advantageous     2)letalone3)witnessing/vanishing 4)landmark5)entitled       6)displace7)Establishment    8)patriotic/strengthen9)contradictions    10)aspires11)divorced      12)pendulums1)cometo      2)dozedoff3)believedin     4)wassetapart5)takein         6)sucksin7)cleanup        8)turnaway1)Forme,itmakesno/littledifferencewhetherwegotherebytrainorbybus.2)ToyatahasovertakenGeneralMotorsastheworld’sbiggestcarmaker.3)Shortlyaftertheirmarriage,Mr.Chamberswasatoddswithhiswifeovermoneymatters.4)Henryhasbeenattheforefrontofnanotechnologyresearch.5)Shedoesn’tevenknowhowtoboilpotatoes,letalonecookameal.            a)isincreasingly/toaccelerate/theirinvestmentb)economy/makeanearnest/domestic/strikeabalancebetweenc)ahandfulof/beendorsedby/onalargescaleII.WordformationWTOWorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织GDPGrossdomesticproduct国内生产总值ATMAutomatedtellermachine自动出纳机VATValue-addedtax增值税CADComputer-aideddesign计算机辅助 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ITInformationtechnology信息技术IDDInternationaldirectdialing国际直拨电话MTVMusictelevision音乐电视RadarRadiodetectingandranging雷达IOCInternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥委会VIPVeryimportantperson贵宾，大人物LaserLightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation激光CPUCentralprocessingunit中央处理器III.Usage1)Anunusualpresent,abookonethics,wasgiventoHenryforhisbirthday.2)Thereason(hegave)thathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolatewasunsatisfactory.3)Football,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.4)Cloninghadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthatseriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappenanytimesoon.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze(A)1.academics     2.networking3.avarietyof     4.growth5.vanish      6.facilitate7.endorsing     8.outlook9.sweepingaside   10.patriotic11.erasing     12.strikeabalance(B)1.aided2.effects3.distances4.connected5.invested6.features7.prevailing8.qualitatively9.volume10.DistinguishingII.Translation1) DuetohispessimisticoutlookontheEuropeaneconomy,JohnhasmovedhisassetsfromEuropetoelsewhere.2) Ilikehiringyoungpeople.Theyareearnestlearnersandcommittedtowork.3) Unlikehergirlfriendswhocentertheirlivesontheirchildren,Marycaresmoreaboutherpersonalgrowth.4) Whyisitthataconsiderablenumberofcolleaguesareatoddswithyou?5) TheChinesegovernmenthasintroducedavarietyofpoliciestostrengthencooperationwithdevelopingcountries.GlobalizationhasgreatimplicationsforyoungChinese.Forexample,youngfarmersaremovingonalargescaletourbanareastolookforjobs.Andforthoseyoungpeoplewhoaspiretostudyabroadorworkinforeign-investedenterprises,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Atthesametime,aconsiderablenumberofoverseasChinesestudentshavereturnedhomeinrecentyears,fortheyholdanoptimisticoutlookforthelong-termgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.TheinternethasstrengthenedthelinksbetweenChineseyoungpeopleandthoseelsewhere.Theyfollowthelatesttrendandcopyforeignfashions.Someofthemdon’tseemtocarefortraditionalChinesevirtues,letalonecarrythemforward,whichhasgivenrisetoworriesthatthetraditionalChineseculturemightonedayvanish.Unit5I.Vocabulary1)Inaway     2)inaccordance  3)vacancy  4)ingoodcondition  5)transparent    6)rub      7)spicy   8)hitherto9)with(a)badgrace 10)instinct    11)pawned  12)current1)turnedup  2)willstickto  3)broughtback  4)goabout5)drivingat  6)putaway   7)over      8)tookaback1)hasaveryweakconstitution---shemaynotbeabletosurvivetheoperation.2)wastakenabackbytheinsurancecompany’srejectionofmycompensationclaim3)wassomethingofasurprisewhenweranintoeachotherinaplacelikethat.4)needstrimming/tobetrimmed---it’sgettingtoolong.5)areoftendeceptive1)Oddlyenough/wentbroke/wrinkled/hehadgonealltopieces2)definite/iscapableof/hervanity3)toomild/sipping/strokeII.Usage1.Exceptfor  2.exceptthat  3.except    4.exceptwhen5.exceptto   6.exceptwhat  7.exceptwhere 8.exceptthatIII.vocabularyspellingAmEBrEAmEBrEapartmentflatfavorablefavourablecantinparalyzeparalysecandysweetslaborlabourelevatorliftmetermetrefacultystaff(ofauniversity)catalogcataloguefirstfloorgroundfloorlevelinglevellinggas,gasolinepetroltheatertheatremailpostdefensedefencerailroadrailwayplowploughpantstrousersprogramprogrammesubwaytube,undergroundpractice(v.)practisecornmaizecharacterizecharacterise storeshoptiretyre(onacar)ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze1.insane     2.current      3.candid     4.capable  5.wastakenaback 6.ingoodcondition  7.constitution  8.goalltopieces  9.gonebroke   10.vacancy      11.mild     12.deceptive1.suspected  2.pleading  3.confirmed  4.stunned  5.lucrative6.jewellery  7.wealthy   8.urge     9.spell   10.ArrestedII.Translation1)　IhaveaninstinctthatHenrywillseektojointheexpedition,becauseheissomethingofanadventurer.2)　Heiscapableofstickingtothetaskathand,evenifheisexposedtonoises.3)　Thetrademarkwasregisteredinaccordancewiththelawshithertoinforce.4)　Oddlyenough,manypeoplevolunteeredtohelporganizethemeeting,butonlyafewturnedup.5)　Theteacher’saffectionatewords,alongwithhiscandidcomments,changedthewayMikeperceivedthesocietyandhimself.Formyownpart,Ifindthatappearancesarealltoooftendeceptive.Forinstance,youmightbewrongifyoujudgedbyappearancesonlypeoplelikeEdwardHydeBurton.Inappearance,heseemedamanallofapiece.Hewasatinylittlefellowwithwhitehairandmildblueeyes,gentleandcandid.Nevertheless,heturnedouttobeverycruel.HeinsultedandfooledLennywhowasdownandoutandmadehimcommithimselftoaninsaneventure.WhatwasstillmoresurprisingwasthathewascompletelyindifferenttoLenny’sdeath.Withoutdoubt,Burtonwasamanwithaheartofstone.Unit６I.Vocabulary1)appliances  2)comparative  3)multiply4)distribution  5)prosperity 　6)decorate   　7)famine  　8)largequantitiesof/alargequantityof9)streamline  10)fax   11)pointedthewayto    12)bewildered1)eatinto       2)clingto3)standout/stoodout  4)wearsaway5)setabout       6)switchoff7)willbeturnedloose  8)pouredin１）isforecasttobebelowaveragenextyear,whichatthemomentis4percent.２）toenterthebuildingandfindthebabygirlprovedfutileasrescuersweredrivenoutbytheheatandflames.３）wasurgedtodivertsomeofitsattentionfromexpandingproductionandgetmoreinvolvedwithissuesofmarketdemand.４）canreallyeatheavilyintoyourprofitswhenyouaresellingsuitsat￡900anddressesat￡2,000.５）hastoiledendlesslyovertheexercisemachineforthelasttwentyyearsinordertokeepherbodyinshape.reactionto;discontent;provokedConvention;evadingtax;theconfinesofaburden;arealwaysonthego/seemforeveronthego;tocopeII.ConfusableWords1.1)nervousness  2)tension  3)stress;stress 4)tension2.1)honorary 2)Honorable 3)honorable  4)honorary  5)honorable 6)HonoraryIII.Usage１）Dealingwiththeextinctioncrisisisnosimplematter.Isitsensible,wemayask,tospendlargesumsofmoneytosavesomespecies–beitanelephantoranorchid–inanationinwhichalargeproportionofthepopulationislivingbelowthepovertyline?２）Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedanywherelargenumbersofpeopleneedtobequicklyscreened---atairports,trainstations,busterminalsorbordercrossings.However,expertssuspect,thereisalsotheriskthatpeoplewilllearntofoolthemachinethesamewaytheytrytofoolpolygraphreadingsbycontrollingtheirbreathortakingdrugstorelaxthemselves.３）Withahighpercentageofmarriagesendingindivorce,oftenduetofinancialdifficulties,youwouldsaythatmoneyisabigfactorinmakingagoodmarriage.But,believeitornot,itisn’tmoneythatensuresyouahappymarriage;itisyourphilosophyoflifethatdoes.４）NotalltherisksontheInternetaresexual,youknow.Sitespromotingviolencearejustaclickaway,andmayincludeinstructionsformakingbombsandotherdestructivedevices.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze1)switchoff  　2)obliged   　3)onthego 　 4)cope5)shortage  6)largequantityof 7)pouringin   8)bynature  9)fraction   10)futile1)advantage  2)wisely  3)faithfully  4)waking5)includes  　6)schedule 7)sticking  8)priorities9)set   　10)respectII.Translation１）Theyareexploringthenewfrontiersofmedicalscienceinanattempttofindremediesforincurablediseases/curesfordiseasesthatarebeyondremedysofar.２）Heruniqueteachingmethodsapart,MsWilson,mymathteacher,nevertriedtocramknowledgeintomyhead.３）TheregularweatherforecastbytheCentralTVStationkeepsusupwiththechangesofweatherwhereverwegoonatrip.４）Theappallingexplosionstartedabigfireandcausedthepartialcollapseofthebuilding.５）Inthemodernworld,therearemorewaysthanevertowasteawaytime,andallkindsofdistractionsareeatingintoourprecioustime.Todayweareunderconstantpressuretoworklongerhours,toproducemore,andtopossessmore.Lotsofpeopleholdthewrongperceptionthathappinessliesinworkinghardandearningwell/goodmoney.Manywomentodayfeelthesamestresstoworkandgetaheadand,atthesametime,tonurturetheiroffspringandshouldertheburdenofdomesticresponsibilities.Researchshowsthatworkaholismtendstodistanceusfromourimmediatefamilies.Itforcesustotoillongerandlongerhours,leavingaminutefractionofourtimetobephysicallyandemotionallyavailabletoourlovedones.Intimacyamongfamilymembersisdoomedtodieintheprocess.Unit７I.Vocabulary1.divined  2.nerves 　3.solidarity4.sacred;mourn5.Coated6.perish 　7.hijack8.grief9.farewell10.takerevengeon　11.revolves12.denounced1.drop…off  2.appliedfor  3.wentoff  4.aregainingon5.bringdown  6.blottedout  7.thinkbackon  8.pickingat1.broughtdowntheAmericanhousingmarketin20082.whatwillhappenafterhissonstepsintohisshoes?3.notinthemoodtogoout4.longbeforethemarketbegantoshowsignsofweakness5.mournthelossofthetranquillifewehadinthecountryside1.intheaftermathof;toblotour;thetragic2.armed;atdust;accomplices;explosives3.inthespaceof;noillusionII.Collocation1.alittleof  2.afew;mostof//manyof  3.much  4.few5.many  6.manyof  7.muchof  8.little9.fewof  10.SomeIII.UsageAstheboygrewoldershesingsasbeautifullyasanightingale//singslikeanightingaletheydon’tseethemselvesasservantsofthepeopleAsshehadleftherkeyintheofficeJustdoasyouaretoldAreasonceregardedasruralastheydoinChinaAshewasbraveandloyalaswellComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze1.mood  2.tragic  3.inthe(immediate)aftermathof  4.chaos5.toppling  6.solidarity  7.takerevengeon  8.thinkingbackon9.mourning  10.perished1.crashed  2.horrible  3.harsh  4.protect  5.remove6.utterly  7.truly  8.justify  9.rewarded  10.devastatingII.Translation1)　Somehigh-rankingofficersofthearmedforcesstartedacoup,topplingthegovernmentandthrowingthecountryintochaos.2)　Thefallingmarketshatteredtheillusionaboutgettingrichquickly3)　ThinkingbackonthehistoryofWorldWarII,wecanseethattheformationoftheAllieswasthenaturalproductofthedevelopmentofpoliticalandmilitarycircumstancesthen.4)　PaulfeltstungwhenJimcalledhimareligiousfanatic.Butashewasinnomoodforqquarrelnotinaquarrelingmood,hesimplypretendednottohearit．５）　Peoplesaythattimehealsallwounds.Butforthosewhohavelosttheirlovedonesintheevent,willtimefillupthevoidintheirhearts?Today,longaftertheearthquakeshook//hitmytome-town,Icanstillrecall,incrystaldetail,whatIsawasIranoutofmyhomewithmyparents.Thebuildingjustacrossthestr