2019版高考英语一轮复习 第一编 教材回眸 Unit 1 Women of achievement讲义 新人教版必修4

Unit 1 Women of achievement 【 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 目优选】 请根据下表的提示写一篇英语短文。 屠呦呦 1.1930年12月30日出生于中国浙江宁波。 2.1955年毕业于北京医学院。 3.发现青蒿素，减少了疟疾患者的死亡率。 4.2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 5.第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。 你能从她身上学到什么？ 参考词汇：青蒿素artemisinin 疟疾malaria　死亡率death rate 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine 北京医学院Beijing Medical College 【经典范文】 Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province of China on December 30, 1930.In 1955, she graduated from Beijing Medical College. After graduation, she was devoted to finding artemisinin. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has greatly reduced death rates from malaria. She is the first Chinese scientist who got the Nobel Prize. Personally, she has set a good example for us students and we can learn a lot from her. Not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence and optimism are what we can benefit from. 【名师点拨】 本文言简意赅，层次清晰，表达完整。文中运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：graduate from (毕业于……), be devoted to (全身心地投入到……), personally (在我看来), set a good example for (为……树立好榜样)等。 在句式及句法方面运用了多样化的结构。如：①定语从句：that has greatly reduced death rates from malaria; who got the Nobel Prize；②并列结构：Not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence and optimism；③表语从句：what we can benefit from等。所有这些都体现了作者扎实的语言基础和熟练运用语言的能力，因而，本文是一篇不错的范文。 1．核心单词 (1)campaign(n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动 (2)behave(v.) 举动；(举止或行为) 表现→behaviour(n.) 行为；举止；习性 (3)shade(n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线→(形近词) shadow(n.) 阴影；影子 (4)observe(vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation(n.) 观察；观测 (5)respect(vt.& n．) 尊敬；尊重；敬意 (6)argue(v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument(n.) 争论；争辩；争吵 (7)crowd(n.)人群；观众 (vt.) 挤满；使拥挤→crowded (adj.) 拥挤的 (8)support(n.& vt.) 支持；拥护→supporter(n.) 支持者；拥护者→supporting(adj.) 次要的；配角的；支撑的 (9)refer(vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference(n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred(过去式/过去分词) (10)intend(vt.) 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ；打算→intention(n.) 打算；目的；意图 (11)deliver(vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery(n.) 投递；交货；分娩 2．阅读单词 (1)achievement (n.) 成就；功绩 (2)welfare (n.) 福利；福利事业 (3)project (n.) 项目； 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 ；规划 (4)institute (n.) 学会；学院；协会 (5)specialist (n.) 专家；专业工作者 (6)connection (n.) 连接；关系 (7)organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体 (8)entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 (9)inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示 (10)audience (n.) 观众；听众；读者 (11)rate (n.) 比率；速度 (12)considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的 (13)modest (adj.) 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 【即景活用】 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Do you want to get this book ________(deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself? 答案：delivered 2．The children have been so noisy. Let me go and tell them ________(behave) themselves. 答案：to behave 3．On the National Day, the streets ________(crowd)with a large number of people. 答案：are crowded 4．I ________(intend) to take a holiday last year, but I was fully occupied with an unexpected job. 答案：had intended 5．She is an agriculture ________(special), who devotes all her life to the research into agriculture. 答案：specialist 6．Last night Bruce ________(observe)to leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away. 答案：was observed 7．I was impressed by his ________(inspire) words, and I decided to cooperate with him. 答案：inspiring 8．There was a heated ________(argue) about whether he was suitable for the position. 答案：argument 9．He was such a selfless man that everybody ________(respect) him. 答案：respected 10．If you want to help the poor, you can join the ________(organize), which usually has some such activities. 答案：organization 联想积累 1．后缀­ment构成的抽象名词一览 ①achievement成就；功绩 ②adjustment调整 ③advertisement广告 ④agreement协议 ⑤amusement娱乐；消遣 ⑥announcement宣布 ⑦appointment约定 ⑧argument争论 ⑨arrangement安排 ⑩entertainment 款待；娱乐 2．以­ist为后缀的高频名词 ①art→artist艺术家 ②piano→pianist钢琴家 ③tour→tourist游客 ④science→scientist科学家 ⑤journal→journalist新闻工作者；记者 ⑥social→socialist社会主义者 ⑦special→specialist专家 ⑧psychology→psychologist心理学家 3．以­hood结尾的名词 ①adulthood成年 ②boyhood少年时期 ③brotherhood兄弟关系；手足之情 ④childhood童年；幼年时代 ⑤neighborhood街坊；社区；邻里 1．move_off 离开；起程；出发 2．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；弄懂 3．lead a ... life 过着……的生活 4．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头； 涌入脑海 5．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 6．refer to查阅；参考；谈到 7．by chance碰巧；凑巧 8．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见 9．carry on 继续；坚持 【即景活用】 用所给短语的适当形式填空 carry on， move off， refer to， crowd in， look down on/upon， by chance 1．The conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly ________ . 答案：moved off 2．Complete the exercise without ________a dictionary. 答案：referring to 3．You'll have an accident if you ________driving like that. 答案：carry on 4．Sweet memories ________as I looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach in Qingdao last summer. 答案：crowded in 5．Nothing happens ________or by means of good luck. 答案：by chance 6．I wish you wouldn't ________this kind of work. After all it is important to our company. 答案：look down on/upon 联想积累 1．“v.＋off”短语速记 ①move off离开；出发 ②pay off还清；取得好结果 ③put off推迟 ④show off炫耀；卖弄 ⑤take off起飞；脱掉 ⑥give off发出(光、热、气味等) ⑦set off出发；爆炸 2．“v.＋on”短语小结 ①base ... on ... 以……为基础 ②carry on继续 ③depend on依赖；依靠；取决于 ④get on进展；进步；相处 ⑤go on继续 ⑥put on穿上；体重增加 ⑦rely on依赖；依靠 ⑧take on开始具有；呈现 ⑨try on试穿 3．by相关短语 ①by chance 碰巧 ②by accident 碰巧；偶然地 ③by design 故意地 ④by weight 按重量计算 ⑤by nature 生来；天生地 ⑥one by one 一个接一个地 ⑦step by step 一步一步地 1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 2．Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。 【句式仿写】 1．Practice makes perfect, as the saying goes. _______________our spoken English. 俗话说，熟能生巧。只有这样我们才能提高我们的英语口语。 答案：Only in this way can we improve 2．__________________ , it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 农田一旦被毁坏，将会花费很多年才能恢复。 答案：Once (it is) damaged 联想积累 only用法大全 ①only在句首修饰介词短语/副词/状语从句时，句子部分倒装。注意修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。 only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序，如：Only he knew the secret. ②only if后面接条件状语从句，用陈述语气，主句用部分倒装句，意为“只要”， if only “要是……就好了”，后面跟的是虚拟语气的句子，表示与事实相反的假设。 [单词点津] behave　vt. & vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 [教材原句]Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。 (1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差 behave oneself守规矩；表现得体 (2)well­behaved adj.表现好的 badly­behaved adj.表现差的 (3)behaviour n.举止；行为 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①Joanna left her husband because of his unacceptable ____________(behave)． ②He is old enough to behave ________(he)． 答案：①behaviour　②himself (2)单句改错 He was not to be served because he visited the bar often and did not behave good. _____________________________________________________ 答案：good→well observe　vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝 [教材原句]She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 黑猩猩的日常活动。 (1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/看到某人做某事(全过程) observe sb. doing sth.观察/看到某人正在做某事 observe that ... 发现，观察…… (2)observation n.观察；观测 be under observation受到监视/观察 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①The guard observed a young man________(steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. ②It is everybody's duty ________(observe) the rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. ③The little baby is under ________(observe) and treatment in hospital. 答案：①stealing　②to observe　③observation (2)完成句子 Some Western people now __________________too. 现在有些西方人也过春节。 答案：observe the Spring Festival respect　n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 [教材原句]For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 (1)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重/敬佩某人 (2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人 out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及 (3)respected adj.受尊敬的；受敬重的 respectable adj.受人尊敬的；正派的；(行为)体面的 respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的 respective adj. 各自的(仅用于名词前) 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①He is such a great man that all of us show our respect ________him. ②Local customs and culture should ________(respect) by all the tourists. ③Our English teacher was so ________ (respect) that I respected him very much. 答案：①for　②be respected　③respectable (2)完成句子 My vegetarianism is __________________________ . 我的素食主义是出于对动物的尊重。 答案：out of respect for animals argue　vi. & vt. 讨论；辩论；争论 [教材原句]She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。 (1)argue with sb. over/about sth.与某人就某事争辩 argue for为……据理力争 argue against据理反对…… argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人去做某事 argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 (2)argument n．争辩；争论 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①Gun control is a subject ________which Americans have argued for a long time. ②The author supported the theme of the text by stating his ________(argue)． 答案：①over/about　②argument (2)完成句子 ①He ____________________the best place for a holiday. 他和露茜争论度假的最佳地方。 ②They tried to ______________joining them. 他们试图说服她加入他们。 答案：①argued with Lucy over/about　②argue her into intend　vt. 计划；打算 [教材原句]I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。 (1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend that ...打算…… (2)intention n. 意图；意向 have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算 with the intention of doing sth. 打算…… 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①He has made up his mind to intend his son ________(manage) the company. ②I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I ________(intend)． ③He left England with the ________(intend) of travelling in Africa. 答案：①to manage　②had intended　③intention (2)单句改错 The school to be built is intending for the disabled children. _____________________________________________________ 答案：intending→intended [短语点拨] look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 [教材原句]Many people look down upon poor people. 许多人瞧不起穷人。 look back on 回顾 look forward to 盼望；期盼 look sb. in the eye 直视某人 look into 调查 look on 旁观 look on ... as 把……看作 look out for 注意观察；留心 look through 翻查；翻找 【即景活用】 完成句子 ①The days when China __________________are gone forever. 中国被瞧不起的日子已一去不返了。 ②Old people enjoy ______________the past while the young enjoy looking ahead. 老年人喜欢回顾过去而年轻人喜欢展望未来。 ③When crossing the street, ____________the coming cars. 过街时，注意来往车辆。 ④Many families ________education ________an investment in this area. 在这一地区很多家庭将教育视为一种投资。 答案：①was looked down on/upon　②looking back on　③look out for　④look on; as refer to 谈到；提及；查阅；参考 [教材原句]If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. 如果group这个词指不同成员，用动词的复数形式。 (1)refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. 把……提交给…… refer to ... as ... 把……称作…… refer sb. to sth. (正式说法)叫某人去某处(查阅资料) (2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书 【特别提醒】 look up表示“查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①In his letter, he ________(refer) to his dog as “the captain”． ②Check the ________(refer) book to see if the grammar is true. 答案：①referred　②reference (2)完成句子 ①It was foolish of him ____________his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. 在那么重要的考试中他查阅笔记真是愚蠢，结果，他被惩处了。 ②The members __________________the committee, as they were unable to make a decision. 成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理，因为他们无法做出决定。 答案：①to refer to　②referred the question to carry on 继续；坚持 [教材原句]Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的事业呢？ 【即景活用】 完成句子 ①They decided to ______________the work in spite of the weather. 不管天气如何，他们都决定继续工作下去。 ②Seeing that he could not ____________his plan, he gave it up. 看到不能实施自己的计划，他就放弃了。 答案：①carry on with　②carry out [句型与语法] [教材原句]Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。 (1)本句中our group属于集体名词。此处强调组内成员，因此谓语动词用复数形式are，此处属于主谓一致的用法。 (2)主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致： ①通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle, goods等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 ②只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。 ③既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①The class ________(be) very bright especially in science subjects. ②The family ________(be) the tiniest cell of the society. ③The public now ________(come) to know the whole story. ④The public ________(have) every reason to be cautious of professional deception. 答案：①are　②is　③come　④has (2)单句改错 The goods has been chosen for military use. _____________________________________________________ 答案：has→have [教材原句]Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。 It hit sb. that ... 是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的句式还有： ①It occurs/occurred to sb. that ...某人突然想到…… ②It strikes/struck sb. that ...某人突然想到…… ③It happens/happened that ...碰巧…… 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 ①________had never hit him that he might be falling in love with her. ②It occurred to me ________I had ever seen him before. 答案：①It　②that (2)完成句子 ①______________________________I knew how to solve that problem. 我突然想到我知道怎样解决那个问题了。 ②________________they spent their childhood in the same village. 碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。 答案：①It suddenly occurred to/hit/struck me that　②It happened that Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3, 1934. Since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories.In 1957, the 23­year­old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous __1__(special), Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungles and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall__2__(observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve,recording the animals' __3__(behave). __4__ , this was not easy. When she first __5__(arrive)in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her __6__the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was __7__chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group __8__(hunt) a monkey and then eating __9__ . She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. What she did set a good example for others __10__(achieve) their goals. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 答案：1.specialist　2.to observe　3.behaviour　4.However　5.arrived　6.for　7.that　8.hunting　9.it　10.to achieve Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise. 答案：is regarded　当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。 2．He was observed by officers ________(drive) at 90 miles per hour. 答案：driving　observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.­ing表示动作正在进行。 3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)． 答案：to apologize　intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。 4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________(achieve) for one so young. 答案：achievement　a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。 5．With our teacher ________(support) us, we feel quite encouraged. 答案：supporting　support “支持”前有With, 因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。 6．He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________(buy) it. 答案：buying/to buy　It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。 7．The little boy's bad ________(behave) at the party made his parents upset. 答案：behaviour　behaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。 8．Tolerance consists in ________(respect) the opinions of others. 答案：respecting　句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词­ing形式。 9．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________(entertain)． 答案：entertainment　介词of后应为名词entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。 10．What I would like to do today is to advance an ________(argue) and see what you make of it. 答案：argument　由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。 Ⅱ.单句改错 1．After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→on　carry on “继续；坚持”。 2．It didn't occur to me he would refuse my invitation. _____________________________________________________ 答案：me后加that　It didn't/doesn't occur to sb. that “某人没有想到”。 3．If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined. _____________________________________________________ 答案：delivery→deliver　fail to do sth. “没有做某事”，deliver the goods “送货”，delivery是名词。 4．You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→to　refer sth. to sb. “把某事交给某人(解决)”。 5．We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children. _____________________________________________________ 答案：at→on/upon　look down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Our group Springhill Baptist Church started a food pantry (食品储藏室) to help out members of the community. As part of the program, we buy the food that will __1__(distribute) and make boxes for distribution. We do this on __2__regular basis—the second Monday of every month. One day, as my friend and I __3__(load) our grocery carts with the necessary items in the store, a gentleman asked us, “__4__do you get so many items？” We explained we were doing our __5__(month) grocery shopping and gave him some details about our program.__6__(say) that it was great, he went on with his business. After gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to check out at the counter, only __7__(inform) by the cashier that our bill had already been paid. The gentleman who asked about our__8__(intend) had left his credit card number to pay __9__our order and then walked off. He had no idea what the cost was before he left. We were __10__(extreme) shocked at the generosity of a stranger. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友去为食品储藏室购买食物时遇到了一位绅士，他在得知作者他们的意图后悄悄地为他们支付了账单。作者在文中对这位绅士的慷慨表达了感激之情。 1．be distributed　考查动词的语态。作为计划的一部分，我们购买食物并将其进行分配。distribute与food之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。空前是情态动词will，故填be distributed。 2．a　考查冠词。我们定期这样做——每个月的第二个星期一。on a regular basis “定期地”。 3．were loading　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的“we were doing our ...”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；句子的主语是my friend and I，是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填were loading。 4．Why　考查疑问词。根据下文的“We explained we were doing our ...”可知，这位绅士是在问“你们为什么买这么多物品”，故填疑问词Why表示“为什么”。 5．monthly　考查词性转换。根据空前的“our”及空后的“grocery shopping”可知，此处应填形容词作定语。上文的“every month”暗示这里填monthly “每月的”。 6．Saying　考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的句子与前面的部分之间没有连词，故空处所在部分应填非谓语动词，此处表示伴随状况，he和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。 7．to be informed　考查非谓语动词及其被动结构。only后接不定式表示出乎意料的结果，inform与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动式。 8．intention　考查词性转换。根据空前的“about our”可知，此处要填名词，intention “意图，目的”。 9．for　考查介词。pay for sth.是固定搭配，“为……而付钱，负担……的费用”。故填for。 10．extremely　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰were shocked，表示程度，故填extremely。 Ⅳ.短文改错 It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three reason for it. First of all, there are so many exams. Beside, the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy. The last reason is to please our parents and teachers. For some students, low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing. In my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong. We should take positive attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good. 答案： It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three In my opinion, cheating in exams 难项分析： 第五处：our→their　考查代词。根据上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此处应该用their。 第七处：depressing→depressed　考查非谓语动词。此处depressed是描述人的主观心理的形容词，作宾语补足语。 第八处：are→is　考查主谓一致。动名词短语(cheating in exams)作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故用is。 单元加餐练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses? Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. Amazingly, it was a generally held view only 100 years ago in England. In a strange contradiction, this period produced a couple of most courageous and gifted authoresses. Here are three of them. Jane Austen(1775­1817) All of the six completed novels of Jane Austen dealt with the problems and limitations of women's choices. At her time, the only respectable “career” for a woman was to marry, so the dilemma of her heroines' was also to marry but for love. Besides the content, the appeal of her works also lies in her refreshingly light and ironic style. Charlotte Bronte(1816­1855) Charlotte Bronte's novels were revolutionary for the explicit way they described women struggling against their restricted roles in society. Her heroines are outspoken in expressing their feelings, while demonstrating honesty and conscience in their choices. Her novel, Jane Eyre, published under a man's name, was very successful when it came out. The book was a revelation after the more reserved feelings expressed in Jane Austen's novels. George Eliot(1819­1880) Her novels examined the morally ambiguous concessions people made in their lives in order to succeed. In one of her books, Silas Marner, the hero discovers a little girl rejected by her own father. Her father did so for fear of losing his second wife's love—a mistake for which the couple both suffer. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了100年前英格兰的三位著名的女作家的小说及其风格。 1．Why does the author describe the authoresses as “courageous”？ A．They were honest in expressing their opinions. B．They broke the social restrictions on authoresses. C．There were few good men writers at their time. D．They fought against the law to publish their books. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章首段第二句及第四句“Clearly this restriction ... when there was no equality of opportunity for women.”“In a strange contradiction, this period produced a couple of most courageous and gifted authoresses.”可知，当时社会对女性写作的限制剥夺了女性平等的机会，然而有几位女作家写出了不朽的作品，挑战社会偏见，因此作者认为她们是勇敢的。故选B项。 2．The appeal of Jane Austen's books mainly lies in ________ . A．charming heroines B．respectable careers C．moving love stories D．content and style 答案：D　细节理解题。根据Jane Austen (1775­1817)部分最后一句“Besides the content, the appeal of her works also lies in her refreshingly light and ironic style.”可知，简·奥斯汀的书不仅内容吸引人，而且风格极具讽刺性。故选D项。 3．What can we learn about the book Silas Marner? A．It dealt with concessions people made. B．It was written by a man called George Eliot. C．Its heroines are outspoken and honest. D．It described women struggling for equal rights. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据George Eliot (1819­1880)部分第一句“Her novels examined the morally ambiguous concessions people made ...”可知，作者认为乔治·艾略特写的小说主要是关于人们在生活中作出的让步，接着作者以她其中一本小说为例说明此观点。故选A项。 B On March 19, Malala Yousafzai, a 15­year­old Pakistani student and women's education activist, returned to the classroom for the first time since being violently attacked by a member of the Taliban—a terrorist organization—on October 9, 2012. Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan. A Taliban group took responsibility for the attack, claiming that the attack should serve as a warning to others. Members of the group follow a strict version of the local religion and believe girls are not permitted to go to school. Malala was targeted because she is appealing for girls' rights to education in Swat Valley, Pakistan. Malala recovers from the attack at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, England. After a long period of recovery, Malala is starting as a nine­year student at Edgbaston High School. It is the oldest independent girl school in Birmingham,England.Though shehasno concrete plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere. “I am excited that today I have achieved my dreams of going back to school. I want all girls in the world to have this basic opportunity，” Malala said in a statement. “I miss my classmates from Pakistan very much but I am looking forward to meeting my teachers and making new friends here in Birmingham.” Malala has been an Internet blogger, or writer, since she was 11 years old. In 2011 she was awarded Pakistan's National Peace Award for her bravery in writing about difficulties of life and education in the shadow of Taliban. She has spoken publicly about children's rights and been nominated (提名)for an international children's peace prize. After the attack in 2012, support for Malala poured in from around the world.The UnitedNations declared November 10 Malala Day. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the day honors Malala and shows the world that people of all sexes, all backgrounds and all countries stand behind the heroine. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。全文报道了巴基斯坦女英雄Malala的 事迹 优秀志愿者事迹材料平安创建事迹材料优秀班集体事迹材料工会先进集体事迹材料优秀教师事迹300字 。Malala因呼吁本国女孩的受教育权而遭到恐怖组织的袭击。虽然远在英国被成功救治并康复，重返教室，但是她仍然关心着巴基斯坦的儿童和妇女受教育的权利。 4．When was Malala violently attacked by the Taliban? A．Serving as a warner. B．Going home after school. C．Staying in classroom. D．Playing at home. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan.”可知，Malala在放学回家的路上遭到了枪击。故B项正确。 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Malala is still concerned about her homeland. B．Malala will return to Pakistan soon. C．Malala recovered shortly after the shot. D．Malala will study in a Pakistani school. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Though she has no concrete plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere.”可知，尽管Malala没有具体的返回巴基斯坦的计划，但是她仍然关心着她的祖国。故A项正确。 6．The United Nations declared November 10 Malala Day because ________ . A．November 10 is Malala's birthday B．Malala has been awarded an international children's peace prize C．Malala has made great achievement in writing D．Malala has advocated the right to children's education 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“She has spoken publicly about children's rights and been nominated (提名) for an international children's peace prize.”可知，因为Malala提倡儿童的权利，联合国为表扬她将11月10日定为Malala日。故D项正确。 7．What's the best title of this text? A．A Terrorism Attack B．An Education Activist C．The Taliban's Threat D．The Return of a Heroine 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章开头为文章的主题句；据此可以判断，本文围绕女英雄Malala Yousafzai第一次重返课堂展开叙述。D项“一位女英雄的回归”点明了文章主题，最适合作为本文标题。故D项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success. It is evident that successful people take initiative (主性). When they find something that needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. __1__They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure, thus strengthening their reputation. Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. __2__ They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. __3__Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement. Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it's really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. __4__By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves. __5__It's better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it. A．Successful people never complain. B．Successful persons don't make excuses. C．They work hard even when no one is watching. D．They believe that responsibility is taken, not given. E．It's failure that teaches us much more than success. F．It's hard to be successful if you don't trust the people around you. G．Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功人士所具有的共同特征。 1．D　根据本段第一句“It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性)．”可知，成功的人往往积极主动，而不是被动接受任务，所以选D项。 2．C　根据上文中的“They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy ...”可知，因为成功人士能够从工作中得到满足和乐趣，所以他们会自己努力，不需要别人监督，故选C项。 3．E　根据下文中的“Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure.”可知，E项“正是失败教会我们更多，而不是成功”符合语境，故选E项。 4．G　根据下文中的“By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.”可知，G项“成功人士礼貌待人，尊敬他人”符合语境，故选G项。 5．A　根据下文中的“So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.”可知，成功人士不抱怨，总是努力解决问题，故选A项作本段的主题句。 Ⅲ.语法填空 In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library is now as simple as shopping online: click, pay __1__wait for delivery. The city's public library recently launched a program on WeChat, __2__popular Chinese messaging software，enabling its readers to check out books online and get them __3__(deliver) to their homes at low prices. To enjoy the “Hangzhou enjoyable reading” service, one first needs to follow the library's official WeChat account,__4__provides a list of books. After picking books, borrowers are required __5__ (present) their information such as their library membership cards, cellphone numbers and so on. The selected items will be delivered by express within three days after payments. Each reader can borrow up to 5 books once and 20 books at most __6__total. The books can be kept for up to 40 days. Readers now can borrow the library's most popular books in this way. The online books will be renewed and enriched__7__ (gradual) according to readers' borrowing habits and__8__ (prefer). At the end of December, the library's old and classic books __9__(put) online too, making the total number of books available and bringing borrowers a lot of __10__(convenient)． 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杭州公共图书馆在微信平台开放网上借书，并可以送书到家，和网上购物一样方便。 1．and　考查连词。click, pay与wait为并列的三个动词，最后两个动词之间用and连接。故填and。 2．a　考查冠词。此处泛指一个软件，应用不定冠词a。 3．delivered　考查非谓语动词。此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，them指代books，deliver与它为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾补。get sth. done表示“使某物被……”。故填delivered。 4．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为account，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which，引导该从句。 5．to present　考查非谓语动词。require sb. to do sth. “需要/要求某人做某事”，为固定搭配。此处为其被动结构，故填to present。 6．in　考查介词。in total “总共”，为固定短语。故填in。 7．gradually　考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词renewed和enriched，应用副词。故填gradually。 8．preferences　考查词性转换及名词的复数。设空处和名词habits并列，用and连接，故设空处应用名词复数。故填preferences。 9．will be put　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“At the end of December”可知用一般将来时，且put和books之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be put。 10．convenience　考查词性转换。设空处作动词bring的宾语，应用名词。故填convenience。 Ⅳ.书面表达 假设某英文网站正在征集读者心目中最崇拜的杰出女性，请你根据以下提示信息介绍20世纪杰出的女性之一——海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)。内容要点如下： 1.海伦·凯勒(1880～1968)在19个月大时，因疾病导致双目失明，双耳失聪，从此她便生活在无光、无声的世界里。 2.7岁时，她的父母给她找了一位老师——Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及老师的技巧和耐心，她们克服困难，取得了成功。 3.海伦完成了大学教育，取得了英语文学学位；此后她致力于帮助盲聋儿童的工作。 注意：1.必须包括以上所有内容要点，但不能逐条翻译； 2.可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯； 3.词数100左右。 参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence； 技巧和耐心skill and patience； 英语文学学位a degree in English literature ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ [标准范文] Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. She was born in 1880 and died in 1968. When she was 19 months old, she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness. From then on she lived in darkness and silence. When she was seven, her parents found a teacher, Miss Sullivan, for her. Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulty in teaching Helen. With Helen's strong will and intelligence,combined with Miss Sullivan's skill and patience, they overcame all the difficulties. Helen became a capable student and finally she received a university degree in English literature. Later on she devoted herself to helping the blind and deaf children.