2013年12月大学英语六级真题与答案之深度阅读篇专项

2013年12月大学英语六级真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 与 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 之深度阅读篇专项2013年12月大学英语六级真题之深度阅读篇第一套SectionACellphonesprovideinstantaccesstopeople.Theyarecreatingamajor___36___inthesocialexperiencesofbothchildrenandadolescents.InonerecentU.S.survey,abouthalftheteenspolledsaidthattheircellphonehad___37____theircommunicationwithfriends.Almostallsaidthattheircellphonewasthewaytheystayedintouchwithpeers,one-thirdhadusedthecellphonetohelpapeerinneed,andabout80%saidthephonemadethemfeelsafer.TeenagersinAustralia,___38___,saidthattheirmobilephonesprovidednumerousbenefitsandwerean___39___partoftheirlives;somewereso___40___totheirphonesthattheresearchersconsidereditanaddiction.InJapan,too,researchersareconcernedaboutcellphoneaddiction.ResearchersinonestudyinTokyofoundthatmorethanhalfofjuniorhighschoolstudentsusedtheirphonestoexchangee-mailswithschoolmatesmorethan10timesaday.Cellphones___41___socialconnectionswithpeersacrosstimeandspace.Theyallowyoungpeopletoexchangemoment-by-momentexperiencesintheirdailyliveswithspecialpartnersandthustohaveamore___42___senseofconnectionswithfriends.Cellphonesalsocan___43___socialtolerancebecausetheyreducechildren’sinteractionswithotherswhoaredifferentfromthem.Inadditiontoconnectingpeers,cellphonesconnectchildrenandparents.ResearchersstudyingteenagersinIsraelconcludedthat___44___environment,mobilephoneswereregardedas“securityobjects”inparent-teenrelationships---importantbecausetheyprovidedthepossibilityof___45___andcommunicationatalltimes.A)affiliated    B)attached    C)contact    D)contend  E)continuousF)diminish    G)endurance    H)foster      I)hazardous  J)improved  K)instantaneous  L)intrinsic    M)relatively    N)shift    O)similarlySectionCPassageOneCallitthe“learningparadox”:themoreyoustruggleandevenfailwhileyou’retryingtolearnnewinformation,thebetteryou’relikelytorecallandapplythatinformationlater.Thelearningparadoxisattheheartof“productivefailure,”aphenomenonidentifiedbyresearcherManuKapur.Kapurpointsoutthatwhilethemodeladoptedbymanyteacherswhenintroducingstudentstonewknowledge—providinglotsofstructureandguidanceearlyon,untilthestudentsshowthattheycandoitontheirown—makesintuitivesense,itmaynotbethebestwaytopromotelearning.Rather,it’sbettertoletthelearnerswrestle（较劲）withthematerialontheirownforawhile,refrainingfromgivingthemanyassistanceatthestart.Inapaperpublishedrecently,Kapurappliedtheprincipleofproductivefailuretomathematicalproblemsolvinginthreeschools.Withonegroupofstudents,theteacherprovidedstrong“scaffolding”—instructionalsupport—andfeedback.Withtheteacher’shelp,thesepupilswereabletofindtheanswerstotheirsetofproblems.Meanwhile,asecondgroupwasdirectedtosolvetheproblemsbycollaboratingwithoneanother,withoutanypromptsfromtheirinstructor.Thesestudentsweren’tabletocompletetheproblemscorrectly.Butinthecourseoftryingtodoso,theygraduatedalotofideasaboutthenatureoftheproblemsandaboutwhatpotentialsolutionswouldlooklike.Andwhenthetwogroupsweretestedonwhatthey’dlearned,thesecondgroup“significantlyoutperformed”thefirst.Theapparentstrugglesofthefoundering（挣扎的）grouphavewhatKapurcallsa“hiddenefficiency”:theyleadpeopletounderstandthedeepstructureofproblems,notsimplytheircorrectsolutions.Whenthesestudentsencounteranewproblemofthesametypeonatest,they’reabletotransfertheknowledgethey’vegatheredmoreeffectivelythanthosewhowerethepassiverecipientsofsomeoneelse’sexpertise.Intherealworld,problemsrarelycomeneatlypackaged,sobeingabletodiscerntheirdeepstructureiskey.But,Kapurnotes,noneofusliketofail,nomatterhowoftenSiliconValleyentrepreneurspraisethebeneficialeffectsofanideathatfailsorastart-upcompanythatcrashesandburns.Soweneedto“designforproductivefailure”bybuildingitintothelearningprocess.Kapurhasidentifiedthreeconditionsthatpromotethiskindofbeneficialstruggle.First,chooseproblemstoworkonthat“challengebutdonotfrustrate.”Second,providelearnerswithopportunitiestoexplainandelaborateonwhatthey’redoing.Third,givelearnersthechancetocompareandcontrastgoodandbadsolutionstotheproblems.Andtothosestudentswhoprotestthistough-loveteachingstyle:you’llthankmelater.56.Whydoestheauthorcallthelearningprocessaparadox?A)Painsdonotnecessarilyleadtogains.  B)Whatislearnedisrarelyapplicableinlife.C)Failuremoreoftenthannotbreedssuccess.  D)Themoreistaught,thelessislearnt.57.  WhatdoesKapurdisapproveofteaching?A)Askingstudentstofindandsolveproblemsontheirown.B)Developingstudents’abilitytoapplywanttheylearn.C)Givingstudentsdetailedguidanceandinstruction.D)Allowingstudentsafreehandinproblemsolving.58.  Whatdopeopletendtothinkofprovidingstrong“scaffolding”inteaching?A)Itwillmaketeachingeasier.      B)Itisasensiblewayofteaching.C)Itcanmotivateaveragestudents.    D)Itwillenhancestudents’confidence.59.  WhatkindofproblemshouldbegiventostudentstosolveaccordingtoKapur?A)Itshouldbeabletoencouragecollaborativelearning.B)Itshouldbeeasyenoughsoasnottofrustratestudents.C)Itshouldbesolvablebyaveragestudentswithease.D)Itshouldbedifficultenoughbutstillwithintheirreach.60.  Whatcanbeexpectedof“thistough-loveteachingstyle”(Lines8-9,Para.5)?A)Studentswillbegratefulinthelongrun.B)Teacherswillmeetwithalotofresistance.C)Parentswillthinkittooharshontheirkids.D)Itmaynotbeabletoyieldthedesiredresults.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.VernonBowman,a75-year-oldfarmerfromruralIndiana,didsomethingthatgothimsued.Heplantedsoybeans(大豆)soldascattlefeed.ButMonsanto,theagriculturalgiant,insistsithasapatentonthekindofgeneticallymodifiedseedsBowmanused---andthatthepatentcontinuestoalloftheprogeny(后代)ofthoseseeds.Havewereallygottentothepointthatplantingaseedcanleadtoahigh-stakesSupremeCourtpatentlawsuit?Wehave,andthatcaseisBowmanvs.Monsanto,whichisbeingarguedonTuesday.Monsanto’scriticshaveattackedthecompanyforits“mercilesslegalbattlesagainstsmallfarmers,”andtheyarehopingthiswillbethecasethatputsitinitsplace.Theyarealsohopingthecourt’srulingwillreininpatentlaw,whichisincreasinglybeingusedtoclaimnewlifeformsasprivateproperty.Monsantoanditssupporters,notsurprisingly,seethecaseverydifferently.TheyarguethatwhenacompanylikeMonsantogoestogreatexpensetocreateavaluablenewgeneticallymodifiedseed,itmustbeabletoprotectitspropertyinterests.IffarmerslikeBowmanareabletousetheseseedswithoutplayingthedesignatedfee,itwillremovetheincentivesforcompanieslikeMonsantotoinnovate.MonsantoaccusedBowmanofpatentinfringementandwonan$84,456damageaward.Ratherthanpayuporworkoutasettlement,Bowmandecidedtoappeal---allthewaytotheSupremeCourt.Hesaid“Monsantoshouldnotbeable,justbecausethey’vegotbillionsofdollarstospendonlegalfees,totrytoterrifyfarmersintoobeyingtheiragreementsbymassiveforceandthreats.”Thecentralissueinthecaseiswhetherpatentrightstolivingthingsextendtotheprogenyofthosethings.Monsantoarguesthatitspatentextendtolatergenerations.ButBowman’ssupportersarguethatMonsantoistryingtoexpandthescopeofpatentsinwaysthatwouldenrichbigcorporationsandhurtsmallfarmers.TheysaythatifMonsantowins,theimpactwillextendfarbeyondagriculture---lockinguppropertyrightsinanarrayofimportantareas.KnowledgeEcologyInternationalcontendsthattheSupremeCourt’srulingcouldhave“profoundeffects”onotherbiotechindustries.IfthiswereaHollywoodmovie,thecourageousoldIndianafarmerwouldbeattheprofit-mindedcorporationbeforethecreditsrolled.Butthisisareal-lifeargumentbeforeaSupremeCourtthathasawell-earnedreputationforlookingoutfortheinterestsoflargecorporations.Thiscasegivesthecourtanopportunitytoreininthegrowinguseofpatentstoprotectgeneticallyengineeredcropsandotherlifeforms---butthecourtmaywelluseittogivethistrendapowerfulnewendorsement.61.WhydidVernonBowmangetused?A)Heusedgeneticallymodifiedseedstofeelhiscattle.B)Heplantedsoybeanswithoutpayingforthepatent.C)HemadeaprofitoutofMonsanto’scommercialsecrets.D)HeobtainedMonsanto’spatentedseedsbyillegalmeans.62.WhatareMonsanto’scriticshopingtheSupremeCourtwilldo?A)Allowsmallfarmerstogrowgeneticallymodifiedsoybeans.B)PunishMonsantoforinfringingonsmallfarmers’interests.C)RuleagainstMonsanto’sexecutiveextensionofitspatentright.D)Abolishthepatentlawconcerninggeneticallyengineeredseeds.63.WhatistheargumentofMonsantoanditssupporters?A)Patentrightsshouldbeprotectedtoencourageinnovation.B)BowmancannotplanttheseedswithoutMonsanto’sconsent.C)Monsantohastherighttorecoverthecostsofitspatentedseeds.D)Patentlawongeneticallymodifiedseedsshouldnotbechallenged.64.WhatisthekeyissueintheBowmanvs.Monsantocase?A)Whetherpatentforseedsisharmfultoagriculturalproduction.B)Whetherthebiotechindustryshouldtakepriorityoveragriculture.C)Whethermeasuresshouldbeintroducedtoprotectsmallfarmers.D)Whetherpatentforlivingthingsappliestotheirlatergenerations.65.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Hollywoodmoviesusuallyhaveanunexpected,dramaticimpactonreal-lifearguments.B)TheSupremeCourtwilltrytochangeitsreputationforsupportinglargecorporations.C)TheSupremeCourtislikelytopersuadethepartiesconcernedtoworkoutasettlement.D)Therulingwould`beinBowman’sfavorifthecasewerearguedinaHollywoodmovie.第二套SectionASomeperformanceevaluationsrequiresupervisorstotakeaction.Employeeswhoreceiveaveryfavorableevaluationmaydeservesometypeofrecognitionorevenapromotion.Ifsupervisorsdonotacknowledgesuchoutstandingperformance,employeesmayeitherlosetheir__36__andreducetheireffortorsearchforanewjobatafirmthatwill__37__themforhighperformance.Supervisorsshouldacknowledgehighperformancesothattheemployeewillcontinuetoperformwellinthefuture.Employeeswhoreceiveunfavorableevaluationsmustalsobegivenattention.Supervisorsmust__38__thereasonsforpoorperformance.Somereasons,suchasafamilyillness,mayhaveatemporaryadverse__39__onperformanceandcanbecorrected.Otherreasons,suchasabadattitude,maynotbetemporary.Whensupervisorsgiveemployeesanunfavorableevaluation,theymustdecidewhethertotakeany__40__actions.Iftheemployeeswereunawareodtheirowndeficiencies,theunfavorableevaluationcanpinpoint（指出）thedeficienciesthatemployeesmustcorrect.Inthiscase,thesupervisormaysimplyneedtomonitortheemployees__41__andensurethatthedeficienciesarecorrected.Iftheemployeeswerealreadyawareoftheirdeficienciesbeforetheevaluationperiod,however,theymaybeunableorunwillingtocorrectthem.Thissituationismoreserious,andthesupervisormayneedtotakeaction.Theactionshouldbe__42__withthefirm’sguidelinesandmayincludereassigningtheemployeestonewjobs,__43__themtemporarily,orfiringthem.Asupervisor’sactiontowardapoorlyperformingworkercan__44__theattitudesofotheremployees.Ifno__45__isimposedonanemployeeforpoorperformance,otheremployeesmayreactbyreducingtheirproductivityaswell.A)additional    B)affect    C)aptly      D)assimilate    E)circulationF)closely      G)consistent  H)enthusiasm    I)identify    J)impactK)penalty    L)reward    M)simplifying  N)suspending    O)vulnerableSectionCPassageOneAmongthegovernment’smostinterestingreportsisonethatestimateswhatparentsspendontheirchildren.Notsurprisingly,thecostsaresteep.Foramiddle-class,husband-and-wifefamily(averagepretaxincomein2009:$76,250),spendingperchildisabout$12,000ayear.Withinflationthefamily’sspendingonachildwilltotal$286,050byage17.Thedrystatisticsoughttoinformtheongoingdeficitdebate,becauseabudgetisnotjustacatalogofprogramsandtaxes.Itreflectsasociety’sprioritiesandvalues.Oursocietydoesnot---despiterhetoric(说辞)tothecontrary---putmuchvalueonraisingchildren.Presentbudgetpoliciestaxparentsheavilytosupporttheelderly.Meanwhile,taxbreaksforchildrenaremodest.Ifdeficitreductionaggravatesthesebiases,moreAmericansmaychoosenottohavechildrenortohavefewerchildren.Downthatpathlieseconomicdecline.Societiesthatcannotreplacetheirpopulationsdiscourageinvestmentandinnovation.Theyhavestagnant（萧条的）orshrinkingmarketsforgoodsandservices.Witholderpopulations,theyresistchange.Tostabilizeitspopulation---discountingimmigration---womenmusthaveanaverageoftwochildren.That’safertilityrateof2.0.Manycountrieswithstrugglingeconomiesarewellbelowthat.Thoughhavingachildisadeeplypersonaldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andgovernmentpolicy.“Noonhasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexplainloweredbirthrates.InJapanYoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerican’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,sayCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthrateinRussiaandEasternEurope.Inpoorsocieties,peoplehavechildrentoimprovetheireconomicwell-beingbyincreasingthenumberoffamilyworkersandprovidingsupportforparentsintheiroldage.Inwealthysocieties,thelogicoftenreverses.Governmentnowsupportstheelderly,diminishingtheneedforchildren.Bysomestudies,thesafetynetsforretireeshavereducedfertilityratesby0.5childrenintheUnitedStatesandalmost1.0inWesternEurope,reportseconomistRobertSteininthejournalNationalAffairs,similarly,somecouplesdon’thavechildrenbecausetheydon’twanttosacrificetheirownlifestylestothetimeandexpenseofafamily.YoungAmericansalreadyfaceableaklabormarketthatcannotinstill（注入）confidenceabouthavingchildren.Pilingonhighertaxeswon’thelp.“Ifhighertaxesmakeitmoreexpensivetoraisechildren,”saysNicholasEberstadtoftheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,“peoplewillthinktwiceabouthavinganotherchild.”Thatseemslikecommonsense,despitethemultipleinfluencesonbecomingparents.56.Whatdowelearnfromthegovernmentreport?A)Inflationincreasesfamilies’expenses.B)Raisingchildrenisgettingexpensive.C)Budgetreductionisaroundthecorner.D)Averagefamilyexpenditureisincreasing.57.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofashrinkingpopulation?A)Weakenednationalstrength.        B)Increasedimmigration.C)Economicdownturn.            D)Socialinstability.58.  WhataccountforAmerica’sbabyboom?A)Optimismforthefuture.          B)Improvedlivingconditions.C)Religiousbeliefs.            D)Economicprosperity.59.  Whydopeopleinwealthycountriesprefertohavefewerchildren?A)Theywanttofurtherimprovetheireconomicwell-being.B)Theycan’taffordthetimeandexpensesofrearingchildren.C)Theyareconcernedaboutthefutureofthecominggeneration.D)Theydon’trelyontheirchildrentosupporttheminoldage.60.  Whatisauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A)Toinstillconfidenceintheyoungaboutraisingchildren.B)Toadvisecouplestothinktwicebeforehavingchildren.C)Toencouragetheyoungtootakecareoftheelderly.D)Toappealfortaxreductionforraisingchildren.PassageTwoSpaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehumaningenuity（创造力）struggletofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade’send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated（共鸣）withoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic（讲求实用的）andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamersloseout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,readingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury---asifsavingone-thousandthofasingleyear’sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetmostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,spacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus---notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.61.TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat_________.A)imaginationisthemotherofinventionB)ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwritersC)ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreamsD)dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction62.HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy’sspaceexplorationplan?A)ItsymbolizedtheAmericanspirit.B)Itwasasurgentasracialequality.C)Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.D)Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.63.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’saimtoexplorespace?A)Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.B)Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.C)Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.D)Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgefortheotherworlds.64.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspaceprograms?A)Critical.  B)Reserved.    C)Unbiased.    D)Supportive.65.  Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacinghumanbeings?A)Theyposeaseriouschallengetofuturehumanexistence.B)Theycanbesolvedsoonerorlaterwithhumaningenuity.C)Theirsolutionsneedjointeffortsofthepublicandprivatesectors.D)Theycanonlybesolvedbypeoplewithoptimismandambition.第三套SectionAQuiteoften,educationstellfamiliesofchildrenwhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguagetospeakonlyEnglish,andnottheirnativelanguage,athome.Althoughtheseeducatorsmayhavegood__36__,theiradvicetofamiliesismisguided,andit__37__frommisunderstandingsabouttheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Educatorsmayfearthatchildrenhearingtwolanguageswillbecome__38__confusedandthustheirlanguagedevelopmentwillbe__39__;thisconcernisnotdocumentedintheliterature.Childrenarecapableoflearningmorethanonelanguage,whether__40__orsequentially（依此地）.Infact,mostchildrenoutsideoftheUnitedStatesareexpectedtobecomebilingualoreven,inmanycases,multilingual.Globally,knowingmorethanonelanguageisviewedasan__41__andevenanecessityinmanyareas.ItisalsoofconcernthatthemisguideadvicethatstudentsshouldspeakonlyEnglishisgivenprimarilytopoorfamilieswithlimitededucationopportunities,nottowealthierfamilieswhohavemanyeducationaladvantages.Sincechildrenfrompoorfamiliesoftenare__42__asat-riskforacademicfailure,teachersbelievethatadvisingfamiliestospeakEnglishonlyisappropriate.Teachersconsiderlearningtwolanguagestobetoo__43__forchildrenfrompoorfamilies,believingthatthechildrenarealreadyburdenedbytheirhomesituations.IffamiliesdonotknowEnglishorhavelimitedEnglishskillsthemselves,howcantheycommunicateinEnglish?Advisingnon-English-speakingfamiliestospeakonlyEnglishis__44__totellingthemnottocommunicatewithorinteractwiththeirchildren.Moreover,the__45__messageisthatthefamily’snativelanguageisnotimportantorvalued.A)asset  B)delayed  C)deviates  D)equivalent  E)identified  F)intentionsG)object  H)overwhelmingI)permanentlyJ)prevalent  K)simultaneously  L)stems  M)successively  N)underlying  O)visualizingPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia(学术界).Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutsideacademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatentlaw.Partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere’salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPh.D.scientistshaven’ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there’sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainscientistsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap.OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePh.D.studentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan(IDP).In2002,theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthateverypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheran(IDPinconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocs.And,inJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)BiomedicalResearchWorkforceWorkingGrouprecomme