编制和分析管会计信息

编制和分析管会计信息PAGEPAGE1————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：COMMERCEDEPARTMENTINTERNATIONALPROGRAMSDIPLOMAOFFINANCIALSERVICES(FNS50107)PREPAREANDANALYSEMANAGEMENTACCOUNTINGINFORMATION(FNSACCT613B)AnswerstoexercisesSOLUTIONSTOEXERCISESUnitOne–VariableandAbsorptionCosting1.1a)Unitcostofproduction–AbsorptionDirectmaterials$150,000÷100,000units=$1.50/unitDirectlabour$200,000÷100,000units=$2.00/unitVariableoverhead$50,000÷100,000units=$0.50/unitFixedoverhead$100,000÷100,000units=$1.00/unit$5.00/unitb)Unitcostofproduction–VariableDirectmaterials$150,000÷100,000units=$1.50/unitDirectlabour$200,000÷100,000units=$2.00/unitVariableoverhead$50,000÷100,000units=$0.50/unit$4.00/unitc)Closinginventory–Absorption20,000unitsx$5.00=$100,000d)Closinginventory–Variable20,000unitsx$4.00=$80,000___________________________________________________________1.2a)Openinginventory–Absorption5,000unitsx$2.40=$12,000b)Closinginventory–Absorption30,000unitsx$2.40=$72,000c)Openinginventory–Variable5,000unitsx$2.00=$10,000d)Closinginventory–Variable30,000unitsx$2.00=$60,000_____________________________________________________________1.3a)IncomeStatementformonthended30thApril–AbsorptionCosting$$$Sales(40,000unitsx$22)880,000LessCOGS:OpeninginventoryNilProductioncosts:Directmaterials(40,000unitsx$5)200,000Directlabour(40,000unitsx$4)160,000Variableoverhead(40,000unitsx$1)40,000Fixedoverhead(40,000unitsx$2)80,000480,000480,000LessclosinginventoryNil480,000GrossProfit400,000Lessotherexpenses:Fixedselling&administration150,000Variableselling&administration(40,000unitsx$3)120,000270,000NetProfit130,000Incomestatementformonthended31stMay–Absorptioncosting$$$Sales(40,000unitsx$22)880,000LessCOGS:OpeninginventoryNilProductioncosts:Directmaterials(45,000unitsx$5)225,000Directlabour(45,000unitsx$4)180,000Variableoverhead(45,000unitsx$1)45,000Fixedoverhead(45,000unitsx$2)90,000540,000540,000Lessvolumevariance10,000530,000Lessclosinginventory(5,000unitsx$12)60,000470,000GrossProfit410,000Lessotherexpenses:Fixedselling&administration150,000Variableselling&administration(40,000unitsx$3)120,000270,000NetProfit140,000Incomestatementformonthended30tthJune–Absorptioncosting$$$Sales(38,000unitsx$22)836,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(5,000unitsx$12)60,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(35,000unitsx$5)175,000Directlabour(35,000unitsx$4)140,000Variableoverhead(35,000unitsx$1)35,000Fixedoverhead(35,000unitsx$2)70,000420,000480,000Plusvolumevariance10,000490,000Lessclosinginventory(2,000unitsx$12)24,000466,000GrossProfit370,000Lessotherexpenses:Fixedselling&administration150,000Variableselling&administration(38,000unitsx$3)114,000264,000NetProfit106,000b)IncomeStatementformonthended30thApril–VariableCosting$$$Sales(40,000unitsx$22)880,000LessVariableCOGS:OpeninginventoryNilVariableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(40,000unitsx$5)200,000Directlabour(40,000unitsx$4)160,000Variableoverhead(40,000unitsx$1)40,000400,000400,000LessclosinginventoryNil400,000GrossMargin480,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&administration(40,000unitsx$3)120,000NetContributionMargin360,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead80,000Fixedselling&administration150,000230,000NetProfit130,0001.3b)continuedIncomeStatementformonthended31stMay–VariableCosting$$$Sales(40,000unitsx$22)880,000LessVariableCOGS:OpeninginventoryNilVariableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(45,000unitsx$5)225,000Directlabour(45,000unitsx$4)180,000Variableoverhead(45,000unitsx$1)45,000450,000450,000Lessclosinginventory(5,000x$10)50,000400,000GrossMargin480,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&administration(40,000unitsx$3)120,000NetContributionMargin360,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead80,000Fixedselling&administration150,000230,000NetProfit130,000IncomeStatementformonthended30thJune–VariableCosting$$$Sales(38,000unitsx$22)836,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(5,000unitsx$10)50,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(35,000unitsx$5)175,000Directlabour(35,000unitsx$4)140,000Variableoverhead(35,000unitsx$1)35,000350,000400,000Lessclosinginventory(2,000x$10)20,000380,000GrossMargin456,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&administration(38,000unitsx$3)114,000NetContributionMargin342,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead80,000Fixedselling&administration150,000230,000NetProfit112,000_____________________________________________________________1.4a)IncomestatementforYear1–Absorptioncosting$$$Sales(55,000unitsx$30)1,650,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(10,000unitsx$15)150,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(60,000unitsx$4)240,000Directlabour(60,000unitsx$6)360,000Variableoverhead(60,000unitsx$4)240,000Fixedoverhead(60,000unitsx$1)60,000900,0001,050,000Lessvolumevariance10,0001,040,000Lessclosinginventory(15,000unitsx$15)225,000815,000GrossProfit835,000Lessotherexpenses:Variableselling(55,000x$1)55,000Variableadministration(60,000x$2)120,000Fixedselling25,000Fixedadministration15,000215,000NetProfit620,000IncomeStatementforYear2–AbsorptionCosting$$$Sales(55,000unitsx$30)1,650,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(15,000unitsx$15)225,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(50,000unitsx$4)200,000Directlabour(50,000unitsx$6)300,000Variableoverhead(50,000unitsx$4)200,000Fixedoverhead(50,000unitsx$1)50,000750,000975,000Lessclosinginventory(10,000unitsx$15)150,000825,000GrossProfit825,000Lessotherexpenses:Variableselling(55,000x$1)55,000Variableadministration(50,000x$2)100,000Fixedselling25,000Fixedadministration15,000195,000NetProfit630,0001.4continuedb)IncomeStatementforYear1–VariableCosting$$$Sales(55,000unitsx$30)1,650,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(10,000unitsx$14)140,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(60,000unitsx$4)240,000Directlabour(60,000unitsx$6)360,000Variableoverhead(60,000unitsx$4)240,000840,000980,000Lessclosinginventory(15,000x$14)210,000770,000GrossMargin880,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling(55,000unitsx$1)55,000Variableadministration(60,000x$2)120,000175,000NetContributionMargin705,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead50,000Fixedselling25,000Fixedadministration15,00090,000NetProfit615,000IncomeStatementforyear2–VariableCosting$$$Sales(55,000unitsx$30)1,650,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(15,000unitsx$14)210,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(50,000unitsx$4)200,000Directlabour(50,000unitsx$6)300,000Variableoverhead(50,000unitsx$4)200,000700,000910,000Lessclosinginventory(10,000x$14)140,000770,000GrossMargin880,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling(55,000unitsx$1)55,000Variableadministration(50,000x$2)100,000155,000NetContributionMargin725,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead50,000Fixedselling25,000Fixedadministration15,00090,000NetProfit635,000_________________________________________________________1.5Reconciliationofprofits–AprilProfit–Absorption$130,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock-Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(-)Profit–Variable$130,000Reconciliationofprofits–MayProfit–Absorption$140,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock------------$140,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(5,000unitsx$2)$10,000Profit–Variable$130,000Reconciliationofprofits–JuneProfit–Absorption$106,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(5,000unitsx$2)$10,000$116,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(2,000unitsx$2)$4,000Profit–Variable$112,000____________________________________________________1.6Reconciliationofprofits–Year1Profit–Absorption$620,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(10,000unitsx$1)$10,000$630,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(15,000unitsx$1)$15,000Profit–Variable$615,000Reconciliationofprofits–Year2Profit–Absorption$630,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(15,000unitsx$1)$15,000$645,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(10,000unitsx$1)$10,000Profit–Variable$635,000_______________________________________________________1.7a)IncomestatementforYear1–Absorptioncosting$$$Sales(2,100unitsx$1,000)2,100,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(400unitsx$600)240,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(2,200unitsx$200)440,000Directlabour(2,200unitsx$240)528,000Variableoverhead(2,200unitsx$100)220,000Fixedoverhead(2,200unitsx$60)132,0001.320,0001,560,000Plusvolumevariance12,0001,572,000Lessclosinginventory(500unitsx$600)300,0001,272,000GrossProfit828,000Lessotherexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(2,100x$10)21,000Fixedselling&admin.160,000181,000NetProfit647,000IncomeStatementforYear2–AbsorptionCosting$$$Sales(2,300unitsx$1,000)2,300,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(500unitsx$600)300,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(2,500unitsx$200)500,000Directlabour(2,500unitsx$240)600,000Variableoverhead(2,500unitsx$100)250,000Fixedoverhead(2,500unitsx$60)150,0001,500,0001,800,000Lessvolumevariance6,0001,794,000Lessclosinginventory(700unitsx$600)420,0001,374,000GrossProfit926,000Lessotherexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(2,300unitsx$10)23,000Fixedselling&admin.160,000183,000NetProfit743,0001.7continuedb)IncomeStatementforYear1–VariableCosting$$$Sales(2,100unitsx$1,000)2,100,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(400unitsx$540)216,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(2,200unitsx$200)440,000Directlabour(2,200unitsx$240)528,000Variableoverhead(2,200unitsx$100)220,0001,188,0001,404,000Lessclosinginventory(500x$540)270,0001,134,000GrossMargin966,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(2,100unitsx$10)21,000NetContributionMargin945,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead144,000Fixedselling160,000304,000NetProfit641,000IncomeStatementYear2–Variable$$$Sales(2,300unitsx$1,000)2,300,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(500unitsx$540)270,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(2,500unitsx$200)500,000Directlabour(2,500unitsx$240)600,000Variableoverhead(2,500unitsx$100)250,0001,350,0001,620,000Lessclosinginventory(700x$540)378,0001,242,000GrossMargin1,058,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(2,300unitsx$10)23,000NetContributionMargin1,035,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead144,000Fixedselling160,000304,000NetProfit731,000c)Reconciliationofprofits–Year1Profit–Absorption$647,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(400unitsx$60)$24,000$671,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(500unitsx$60)$30,000Profit–Variable$641,000Reconciliationofprofits–Year2Profit–Absorption$743,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(500unitsx$60)$30,000$773,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(700unitsx$60)$42,000Profit–Variable$731,0001.8a)IncomeStatementfortheyearended30thJune2009–AbsorptionCosting$$$Sales(130,000unitsx$12)1,560,000LessCOGS:Openinginventory(10,000unitsx$8)80,000Productioncosts:Directmaterials(125,000unitsx$3.00)375,000Directlabour(125,000unitsx$1.50)187,500Variableoverhead(125,000unitsx$1.50)187,500Fixedoverhead(125,000unitsx$2.00)250,0001,000,0001,080,000Lessvolumevariance10,0001,070,000Lessclosinginventory(5,000unitsx$8)40,0001,030,000GrossProfit530,000Lessotherexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(130,000unitsx$1)130,000Fixedselling&admin.200,000330,000NetProfit200,000b)IncomeStatementfortheyearended30thJune2009–VariableCosting$$$Sales(130,000unitsx$12)1,560,000LessVariableCOGS:Openinginventory(10,000unitsx$6)60,000Variableproductioncosts:Directmaterials(125,000unitsx$3.00)375,000Directlabour(125,000unitsx$1.50)187,500Variableoverhead(125,000unitsx$1.50)187,500750,000810,000Lessclosinginventory(5,000x$6)30,000780,000GrossMargin780,000Lessothervariableexpenses:Variableselling&admin.(130,000unitsx$1)130,000NetContributionMargin650,000Lessfixedexpenses:Fixedoverhead240,000Fixedselling200,000440,000NetProfit210,000c)Reconciliationofprofits:Profit–Absorption$200,000Addfixedoverheadcomponentofopeningstock(10,000unitsx$2)$20,000$220,000Lessfixedoverheadcomponentofclosingstock(5000unitsx$2)$10,000Profit–Variable$210,000Unittwo–ActivityBasedCosting2.1Design:$150,000÷6000designchanges=$25/designchangeAssembly:$480,000÷20,000machinehours=$24/machinehourTesting:$90,000÷6000tests=$15/test_________________________________________________2.2Overheadallocatedtoactivities(usingfirst-stagecostdrivers):Materialshandling:$250,000x10%=$25,000Qualitycontrol:$250,000x50%=$125,000Moulding:$250,000x40%=$100,000Overheadapplicationrates:Materialshandling:$25,000÷6,250parts=$4/partQualitycontrol:$125,000÷5,000batches=$25/batchMoulding:$100,000÷10,000units=$10/unit_______________________________________________________2.3a)OverheadallocatedtoJob65–ActivitybasedcostingDesign:8designchangesx$25/designchange=$200Assembly:4machinehoursx$24/machinehour=$96Testing:6testsx$15/test=$90$386b)Overheadallocatedtojob65–TraditionalmethodOverheadapplicationrate:$720,000÷14,400directlabourhours=$50/DLHOverheadallocated:8x$50=$400________________________________________________________2.4a)Overheadallocatedperunit–Traditionalmethod:Overheadapplicationrate:$480,000÷32,000DLH=$15/DLHOverheadallocatedtounitsproduced:Moondust:Stardust:40DLHx$15=$60080DLHx$15=$1,200$600÷100units=$6/unit$1,200÷200units=$6/unit2.4continuedb)Overheadallocatedperunit–ActivitybasedmethodOverheadallocatedtoactivities:Materialshandling:$480,000x10%=$48,000Machining:$480,000x50%=$240,000Qualitycontrol:$480,000x10%=$48,000Engineering:$480,000x30%=$144,000Overheadapplicationrates:Materialshandling:$48,000÷24,000parts=$2/partMachining:$240,000÷24,000machinehours=$10/MHQualitycontrol:$48,000÷4,800inspections=$10/inspectionEngineering:$144,000÷1,800setups=$80/setupOverheadallocatedtounitsproduced:Moondust:Stardust:100partsx$2=$20030partsx$2=$6040MHx$10=$40060MHx$10=$60010inspectionsx$10=$1005inspectionsx$10=$502setupsx$80=$1601setupx$80=$80$860$790$860÷100units=$8.60/unit$790÷200units=$3.95/unitc)Itiswidelybelievedthatactivitybasedcostingisamoreaccuratemethodofallocatingoverheadtoproductsthanthetraditionalmethod.Itisobviousthatactivitiesthatoccurwithinabusinesscauseoverheadcoststobeincurredinthefirstplaceandthereforetheseoverheadcostsshouldbeallocatedtoproductsbasedontheiruseoftheactivities.Fromthedatagiven,itisobviousthatMoondustmakesagreateruseoftheactivitiesperunitthanStardustandthereforetheoverheadallocatedtoaunitofMoondustshouldbegreaterthanthatallocatedtoaunitofStardust.Whenthetraditionalmethodwasused,StardustreceivedthesameamountofoverheadperunitasMoondust.Thismeantthatthatunderthetraditionalmethod,Stardustwasprobablyover-costed,whichmayresultinlostcustomersandsales.________________________________________________________2.5a)Overheadrecoveryrate–traditionalmethod$75,000÷10,000MH=$7.50/MHOverheadallocatedtoproducts–traditionalmethodStandard:5,000MHx$7.50=$37,500Luxury:5,000MHx$7.50=$37,500Overheadperunit–traditionalmethodStandard:$37,500÷10,000units=$3.75/unitLuxury:$37,500÷5,000units=$7.50/unit2.5continuedb)Overheadrecoveryrates–activitybasedmethodSet-up:$5,000÷150set-ups=$33.33/set-upMachining:$40,000÷10,000MH=$4/MHMaterialshandling:$10,000÷150req’ns=$66.67/req’nPacking:$20,000÷300ord.packed=$66.67/ord.packedOverheadperunit–activitybasedmethodStandard:Set-ups50x$33.33=$1,666.50Machining5,000x$4=$20,000Materialshandling50x$66.67=$3,333.50Packing100x$66.67=$6,667$31,667÷10,000units=$3.17/unitLuxury:Set-ups100x$33.33=$3,333Machining5,000x$4=$20,000Materialshandling100x$66.67=$6,667Packing200x$66.67=$13,334$43,334÷5,000units=$8.67/unit___________________________________________________________2.6CostofJob76:Directmaterials$2,540Directlabour$1,060Factoryoverhead;140partsx$4=$5605batchesx$25=$12575unitsx$10=$750$1,435$5,035_____________________________________________________________2.7a)Overheadrecoveryrate–traditionalmethod$440,000÷8,000DLH=$55/DLHQuotes–traditionalmethodJob520$Job521$Directmaterials1,500Directmaterials1,700Directlabour1,200Directlabour1,200Overhead(100DLHx$55)5,500Overhead(100DLHx$55)5,500Cost8,200Cost8,400x120%x120%Quote9,840Quote10,0802.7continuedb)Overheadrecoveryrates–activitybasedmethodSet-up:$120,000÷600set-ups=$200/set-upMaterialshandling:$90,000÷9,000requisitions=$10/requisitionMachining:$180,000÷36,000machinehrs=$5/machinehrPower:$50,000÷100,000kilowatthrs=$0.50/kilowatthrQuotes–activitybasedmethodJob520$Job521$Directmaterials1,500Directmaterials1,700Directlabour1,200Directlabour1,200Overhead:Overhead:2set-upsx$20040010set-upsx$2002,0008req’nsx$108022req’nsx$10220400MHx$52,000600MHx$53,0002,200kwhrs1,1003,5804,440kwhrsx$0.502,2207,440Cost6,280Cost10,340X120%x120%Quote7,536Quote12,408Note:Usingthetraditionalmethod,Job520mayhavebeenoverquotedandthetendermaybelost.Thatis,itusedmuchlessoftheactivitiesthatcausedoverheadstobeincurredthanJob521buthadthesameoverheadallocatedtoit.Usingthetraditionalmethod,Job521mayhavebeenunderquoted.Thatis,thequoteusingthismethodwaslowerthanthecostcalculatedundertheactivitybasedmethod,whichmayleadtoalossonthisjobifthetraditionalmethodwasused._____________________________________________________________2.8a)Overheadrecoveryrate–traditionalmethod$330,000÷13,750DLH=$24/DLHUnitsellingprices–traditionalmethodA1:$B1:$Directmaterials2.50Directmaterials3.00Directlabour5.00Directlabour2.50Overhead[0.50DLH(1)x$24]12.00Overhead[0.25DLH(2)x$24]6.00UnitCost19.50UnitCost11.50x150%x150%Sellingprice$29.25Sellingprice$17.2512,500DLH÷25,000units=0.50DLH/unit1,250DLH÷5,000units=0.25DLH/unit2.8continuedb)AllocationofoverheadtoactivitiesSet-up$330,000x5%=$16,500Machining$330,000x25%=$82,500Materialspurchasing$330,000x28%=$92,400Inspection&testing$330,000x30%=$99,000Materialshandling$330,000x12%=$39,600Overheadrecoveryrates–activitybasedSet-up$16,500÷15prod’nruns=$1,100/prod’nrunMachining$82,500÷9,250MH=$8.92/MHMaterialspurchasing$92,400÷70purch.ord.=$1,320/purch.ord.Inspection&testing$99,000÷6,000I&Thrs=$16.50/I&ThrMaterialshandling$39,600÷30req’ns=$1,320/req’nOverheadallocatedtoproductsperunitA1Set-up5PRx$1,100=$5,500Machining6,250MHx$8.92=$55,750Materialspurchasing20POx$1,320=$26,400Inspection&testing3,000I&Thrsx$16.50=$49,500Materialshandling10reqsx$1,320=$13,200$150,350÷25,000units=$6.00/unit(rounded)B1Set-up10PRx$1,100=$11,000Machining3,000MHx$8.92=$26,760Materialspurchasing50POx$1,320=$66,000Inspection&testing3,000I&Thrsx$16.50=$49,500Materialshandling20reqsx$1,320=$26,400$179,660÷5,000units=$35.90/unit(rounded)Unitsellingprices–activitybasedA1B1Directmaterials$2.50$3.00Directlabour$5.00$2.50Overhead$6.00$35.90Unitcost$13.50$41.40x150%x150%