BS EN 1993-1-9-2005

BRITISHSTANDARDBSEN1993-1-9:2005Eurocode3:Designofsteelstructures—Part1-9:FatigueTheEuropeanStandardEN1993-1-9:2005hasthestatusofaBritishStandardICS91.010.30


IncorporatingCorrigendaNos.1and2LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIBSEN1993-1-9:2005ThisBritishStandard,waspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon18May2005NationalforewordISBN0580460797©BSIJune2006AmendmentsissuedsincepublicationAmd.No.DateComments16292CorrigendumNo.1June2006SeenoteinNationalforeword16570CorrigendumNo.229September2006RevisionofnationalforewordandsupersessiondetailsThisBritishStandardistheofficialEnglishlanguageversionofEN1993-1-9:2005,includingCorrigendumDecember2005.ItsupersedesDDENV1993-1-1:1992,whichiswithdrawn.ThestructuralEurocodesaredividedintopackagesbygroupingEurocodesforeachofthemainmaterials,concrete,steel,compositeconcreteandsteel,timber,masonryandaluminium,thisistoenableacommondateofwithdrawal(DOW)foralltherelevantpartsthatareneededforaparticulardesign.Theconflictingnationalstandardswillbewithdrawnattheendofthecoexistenceperiod,afteralltheENEurocodesofapackageareavailable.FollowingpublicationoftheEN,thereisaperiodallowedfornationalcalibrationduringwhichthenationalannexisissued,followedbyacoexistenceperiodofamaximum3years.DuringthecoexistenceperiodMemberStatesareencouragedtoadapttheirnationalprovisions.ConflictingnationalstandardswillbewithdrawnbyMarch2010atthelatest.BSEN1993-1-9willpartiallysupersedeBS5400-10andBS7608whichwillbewithdrawnbyMarch2010.TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedbyTechnicalCommitteeB/525,Buildingandcivilengineeringstructures,toSubcommitteeB/525/31,Structuraluseofsteel,whichhastheresponsibilityto:Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitssecretary.WhereanormativepartofthisENallowsforachoicetobemadeatnationallevel,therangeandpossiblechoicewillbegiveninthenormativetext,andanotewillqualifyitasaNationallyDeterminedParameter(NDP).NDPscanbeaspecificvalueforafactor,aspecificlevelorclass,aparticularmethodoraparticularapplicationruleifseveralareproposedintheEN.ToenableEN1993-1-9tobeusedintheUK,theNDPswillbepublishedintheNationalAnnex,whichwillbemadeavailablebyBSIinduecourse,afterpublicconsultationhastakenplace.—aidenquirerstounderstandthetext;—presenttotheresponsibleinternational/Europeancommitteeanyenquiriesontheinterpretation,orproposalsforchange,andkeepUKinterestsinformed;—monitorrelatedinternationalandEuropeandevelopmentsandpromulgatethemintheUK.NOTECorrigendumNo.1implementsaCENCorrigendumwhichadds“P”aftertheclausenumberandreplacestheword“should”with“shall”in2(1).LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIBSEN1993-1-9:2005iThispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.CompliancewithaBritishStandarddoesnotofitselfconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.SummaryofpagesThisdocumentcomprisesafrontcover,aninsidefrontcover,pagei,ablankpage,theENtitlepage,pages2to34,aninsidebackcoverandabackcover.TheBSIcopyrightnoticedisplayedinthisdocumentindicateswhenthedocumentwaslastissued.LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIblankLicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHENORMEN1993-1-9May2005ICS91.010.30SupersedesENV1993-1-1:1992IncorporatingCorrigendumDecember2005EnglishversionEurocode3:Designofsteelstructures-Part1-9:FatigueEurocode3:Calculdesstructuresenacier-Partie1-9:FatigueEurocode3:BemessungundKonstruktionvonStahlbauten-Teil1-9:ErmüdungThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon23April2004.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉEUROPÉENDENORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHESKOMITEEFÜRNORMUNGManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B-1050Brussels©2005CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedworldwideforCENnationalMembers.Ref.No.EN1993-1-9:2005:ELicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEN1993-1-9:2005(E)2ContentsPage1General.................................................................................................................................................61.1Scope.................................................................................................................................................61.2Normativereferences.........................................................................................................................61.3Termsanddefinitions........................................................................................................................61.4Symbols.............................................................................................................................................92Basicrequirementsandmethods.......................................................................................................93Assessmentmethods...........................................................................................................................104Stressesfromfatigueactions.............................................................................................................115Calculationofstresses........................................................................................................................126Calculationofstressranges...............................................................................................................136.1General.............................................................................................................................................136.2Designvalueofnominalstressrange...............................................................................................136.3Designvalueofmodifiednominalstressrange................................................................................146.4Designvalueofstressrangeforweldedjointsofhollowsections...................................................146.5Designvalueofstressrangeforgeometrical(hotspot)stress.........................................................147Fatiguestrength..................................................................................................................................147.1General.............................................................................................................................................147.2Fatiguestrengthmodifications.........................................................................................................178Fatigueverification.............................................................................................................................18AnnexA[normative]–Determinationoffatigueloadparametersandverificationformats.................30AnnexB[normative]–Fatigueresistanceusingthegeometric(hotspot)stressmethod........................33LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEN1993-1-9:2005(E)3ForewordThisEuropeanStandardEN1993,Eurocode3:Designofsteelstructures,hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC250«StructuralEurocodes»,theSecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI.CEN/TC250isresponsibleforallStructuralEurocodes.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofaNationalStandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyNovember2005,andconflictingNationalStandardsshallbewithdrawnatlatestbyMarch2010.ThisEurocodesupersedesENV1993-1-1.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,theNationalStandardOrganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementtheseEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.BackgroundtotheEurocodeprogrammeIn1975,theCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitydecidedonanactionprogrammeinthefieldofconstruction,basedonarticle95oftheTreaty.Theobjectiveoftheprogrammewastheeliminationoftechnicalobstaclestotradeandtheharmonizationoftechnicalspecifications.Withinthisactionprogramme,theCommissiontooktheinitiativetoestablishasetofharmonizedtechnicalrulesforthedesignofconstructionworkswhich,inafirststage,wouldserveasanalternativetothenationalrulesinforceintheMemberStatesand,ultimately,wouldreplacethem.Forfifteenyears,theCommission,withthehelpofaSteeringCommitteewithRepresentativesofMemberStates,conductedthedevelopmentoftheEurocodesprogramme,whichledtothefirstgenerationofEuropeancodesinthe1980s.In1989,theCommissionandtheMemberStatesoftheEUandEFTAdecided,onthebasisofanagreement1betweentheCommissionandCEN,totransferthepreparationandthepublicationoftheEurocodestoCENthroughaseriesofMandates,inordertoprovidethemwithafuturestatusofEuropeanStandard(EN).ThislinksdefactotheEurocodeswiththeprovisionsofalltheCouncil’sDirectivesand/orCommission’sDecisionsdealingwithEuropeanstandards(e.g.theCouncilDirective89/106/EEConconstructionproducts-CPD-andCouncilDirectives93/37/EEC,92/50/EECand89/440/EEConpublicworksandservicesandequivalentEFTADirectivesinitiatedinpursuitofsettinguptheinternalmarket).TheStructuralEurocodeprogrammecomprisesthefollowingstandardsgenerallyconsistingofanumberofParts:EN1990Eurocode0:BasisofStructuralDesignEN1991Eurocode1:ActionsonstructuresEN1992Eurocode2:DesignofconcretestructuresEN1993Eurocode3:DesignofsteelstructuresEN1994Eurocode4:DesignofcompositesteelandconcretestructuresEN1995Eurocode5:DesignoftimberstructuresEN1996Eurocode6:DesignofmasonrystructuresEN1997Eurocode7:GeotechnicaldesignEN1998Eurocode8:DesignofstructuresforearthquakeresistanceEN1999Eurocode9:Designofaluminiumstructures1AgreementbetweentheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardisation(CEN)concerningtheworkonEUROCODESforthedesignofbuildingandcivilengineeringworks(BC/CEN/03/89).LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEN1993-1-9:2005(E)4EurocodestandardsrecognizetheresponsibilityofregulatoryauthoritiesineachMemberStateandhavesafeguardedtheirrighttodeterminevaluesrelatedtoregulatorysafetymattersatnationallevelwherethesecontinuetovaryfromStatetoState.StatusandfieldofapplicationofEurocodesTheMemberStatesoftheEUandEFTArecognizethatEurocodesserveasreferencedocumentsforthefollowingpurposes:–asameanstoprovecomplianceofbuildingandcivilengineeringworkswiththeessentialrequirementsofCouncilDirective89/106/EEC,particularlyEssentialRequirementN°1–Mechanicalresistanceandstability–andEssentialRequirementN°2–Safetyincaseoffire;–asabasisforspecifyingcontractsforconstructionworksandrelatedengineeringservices;–asaframeworkfordrawingupharmonizedtechnicalspecificationsforconstructionproducts(ENsandETAs)TheEurocodes,asfarastheyconcerntheconstructionworksthemselves,haveadirectrelationshipwiththeInterpretativeDocuments2referredtoinArticle12oftheCPD,althoughtheyareofadifferentnaturefromharmonizedproductstandards3.Therefore,technicalaspectsarisingfromtheEurocodesworkneedtobeadequatelyconsideredbyCENTechnicalCommitteesand/orEOTAWorkingGroupsworkingonproductstandardswithaviewtoachievingfullcompatibilityofthesetechnicalspecificationswiththeEurocodes.TheEurocodestandardsprovidecommonstructuraldesignrulesforeverydayuseforthedesignofwholestructuresandcomponentproductsofbothatraditionalandaninnovativenature.Unusualformsofconstructionordesignconditionsarenotspecificallycoveredandadditionalexpertconsiderationwillberequiredbythedesignerinsuchcases.NationalStandardsimplementingEurocodesTheNationalStandardsimplementingEurocodeswillcomprisethefulltextoftheEurocode(includinganyannexes),aspublishedbyCEN,whichmaybeprecededbyaNationaltitlepageandNationalforeword,andmaybefollowedbyaNationalannex.TheNationalannexmayonlycontaininformationonthoseparameterswhichareleftopenintheEurocodefornationalchoice,knownasNationallyDeterminedParameters,tobeusedforthedesignofbuildingsandcivilengineeringworkstobeconstructedinthecountryconcerned,i.e.:–valuesand/orclasseswherealternativesaregivenintheEurocode,–valuestobeusedwhereasymbolonlyisgivenintheEurocode,–countryspecificdata(geographical,climatic,etc.),e.g.snowmap,–theproceduretobeusedwherealternativeproceduresaregivenintheEurocode.Itmaycontain–decisionsontheapplicationofinformativeannexes,–referencestonon-contradictorycomplementaryinformationtoassisttheusertoapplytheEurocode.2AccordingtoArt.3.3oftheCPD,theessentialrequirements(ERs)shallbegivenconcreteformininterpretativedocumentsforthecreationofthenecessarylinksbetweentheessentialrequirementsandthemandatesforharmonizedENsandETAGs/ETAs.3AccordingtoArt.12oftheCPDtheinterpretativedocumentsshall:a)giveconcreteformtotheessentialrequirementsbyharmonizingtheterminologyandthetechnicalbasesandindicatingclassesorlevelsforeachrequirementwherenecessary;b)indicatemethodsofcorrelatingtheseclassesorlevelsofrequirementwiththetechnicalspecifications,e.g.methodsofcalculationandofproof,technicalrulesforprojectdesign,etc.;c)serveasareferencefortheestablishmentofharmonizedstandardsandguidelinesforEuropeantechnicalapprovals.TheEurocodes,defacto,playasimilarroleinthefieldoftheER1andapartofER2.LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEN1993-1-9:2005(E)5LinksbetweenEurocodesandharmonizedtechnicalspecifications(ENsandETAs)forproductsThereisaneedforconsistencybetweentheharmonizedtechnicalspecificationsforconstructionproductsandthetechnicalrulesforworks4.Furthermore,alltheinformationaccompanyingtheCEMarkingoftheconstructionproductswhichrefertoEurocodesshouldclearlymentionwhichNationallyDeterminedParametershavebeentakenintoaccount.NationalannexforEN1993-1-9Thisstandardgivesalternativeprocedures,valuesandrecommendationswithnotesindicatingwherenationalchoicesmayhavetobemade.TheNationalStandardimplementingEN1993-1-9shouldhaveaNationalAnnexcontainingallNationallyDeterminedParametersforthedesignofsteelstructurestobeconstructedintherelevantcountry.NationalchoiceisallowedinEN1993-1-9through:–1.1(2)–2(2)–2(4)–3(2)–3(7)–5(2)–6.1(1)–6.2(2)–7.1(3)–7.1(5)–8(4)4seeArt.3.3andArt.12oftheCPD,aswellasclauses4.2,4.3.1,4.3.2and5.2ofID1.LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIwww.bzfxw.comEN1993-1-9:2005(E)61General1.1Scope(1)EN1993-1-9givesmethodsfortheassessmentoffatigueresistanceofmembers,connectionsandjointssubjectedtofatigueloading.(2)Thesemethodsarederivedfromfatiguetestswithlargescalespecimens,thatincludeeffectsofgeometricalandstructuralimperfectionsfrommaterialproductionandexecution(e.g.theeffectsoftolerancesandresidualstressesfromwelding).NOTE1FortolerancesseeEN1090.ThechoiceoftheexecutionstandardmaybegivenintheNationalAnnex,untilsuchtimeasEN1090ispublished.NOTE2TheNationalAnnexmaygivesupplementaryinformationoninspectionrequirementsduringfabrication.(3)TherulesareapplicabletostructureswhereexecutionconformswithEN1090.NOTEWhereappropriate,supplementaryrequirementsareindicatedinthedetailcategorytables.(4)Theassessmentmethodsgiveninthispartareapplicabletoallgradesofstructuralsteels,stainlesssteelsandunprotectedweatheringsteelsexceptwherenotedotherwiseinthedetailcategorytables.ThispartonlyappliestomaterialswhichconformtothetoughnessrequirementsofEN1993-1-10.(5)Fatigueassessmentmethodsotherthanthe∆σR-Nmethodsasthenotchstrainmethodorfracturemechanicsmethodsarenotcoveredbythispart.(6)Postfabricationtreatmentstoimprovethefatiguestrengthotherthanstressreliefarenotcoveredinthispart.(7)Thefatiguestrengthsgiveninthispartapplytostructuresoperatingundernormalatmosphericconditionsandwithsufficientcorrosionprotectionandregularmaintenance.Theeffectofseawatercorrosionisnotcovered.Microstructuraldamagefromhightemperature(>150°C)isnotcovered.1.2NormativereferencesThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments).Thefollowinggeneralstandardsarereferredtointhisstandard.EN1090Executionofsteelstructures–TechnicalrequirementsEN1990BasisofstructuraldesignEN1991ActionsonstructuresEN1993DesignofSteelStructuresEN1994-2DesignofCompositeSteelandConcreteStructures:Part2:Bridges1.3Termsanddefinitions(1)ForthepurposeofthisEuropeanStandardthefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIEN1993-1-9:2005(E)71.3.1General1.3.1.1fatigueTheprocessofinitiationandpropagationofcracksthroughastructuralpartduetoactionoffluctuatingstress.1.3.1.2nominalstressAstressintheparentmaterialorinaweldadjacenttoapotentialcracklocationcalculatedinaccordancewithelastictheoryexcludingallstressconcentrationeffects.NOTEThenominalstressasspecifiedinthispartcanbeadirectstress,ashearstress,aprincipalstressoranequivalentstress.1.3.1.3modifiednominalstressAnominalstressmultipliedbyanappropriatestressconcentrationfactorkf,toallowforageometricdiscontinuitythathasnotbeentakenintoaccountintheclassificationofaparticularconstructionaldetail.1.3.1.4geometricstresshotspotstressThemaximumprincipalstressintheparentmaterialadjacenttotheweldtoe,takingintoaccountstressconcentrationeffectsduetotheoverallgeometryofaparticularconstructionaldetail.NOTELocalstressconcentrationeffectse.g.fromtheweldprofileshape(whichisalreadyincludedinthedetailcategoriesinAnnexB)neednotbeconsidered.1.3.1.5residualstressResidualstressisapermanentstateofstressinastructurethatisinstaticequilibriumandisindependentofanyappliedaction.Residualstressescanarisefromrollingstresses,cuttingprocesses,weldingshrinkageorlackoffitbetweenmembersorfromanyloadingeventthatcausesyieldingofpartofthestructure.1.3.2Fatigueloadingparameters1.3.2.1loadingeventAdefinedloadingsequenceappliedtothestructureandgivingrisetoastresshistory,whichisnormallyrepeatedadefinednumberoftimesinthelifeofthestructure.1.3.2.2stresshistoryArecordoracalculationofthestressvariationataparticularpointinastructureduringaloadingevent.1.3.2.3rainflowmethodParticularcyclecountingmethodofproducingastress-rangespectrumfromagivenstresshistory.1.3.2.4reservoirmethodParticularcyclecountingmethodofproducingastress-rangespectrumfromagivenstresshistory.NOTEForthemathematicaldeterminationseeannexA.1.3.2.5stressrangeThealgebraicdifferencebetweenthetwoextremesofaparticularstresscyclederivedfromastresshistory.LicensedCopy:xx,UniversityofGlamorgan,MonApr2315:32:26GMT+00:002007,UncontrolledCopy,(c)BSIEN1993-1-9:2005(E)81.3.2.6stress-rangespectrumHistogramofthenumberofoccurrencesforallstressrangesofdifferentmagnitudesrecordedorcalculatedforaparticularloadingevent.1.3.2.7designspectrumThetotalofallstress-rangespectrainthedesignlifeofastructurerelevanttothefatigueassessment.1.3.2.8designlifeThereferenceperiodoftimeforwhichastructureisrequiredtoperformsafelywithanacceptableprobabilitythatfailureby