大学体验英语综合教程4 unit 2 Passage B Cultural Differences

.ContentsSkimmingandScanningLanguagePointsReadingQuestionsReadingSkillPracticeTranslatingSkillPractice.DecideTorForfillintheblanksafteryourfastreading()1.ThewriterwastoldtheRussianwasacrudepeople.()2.ThewriterhaveknownRussianverywellin1993.()3.ThewriterwenttoRussiantwice.()4.InChile,womenoftenkissnotonlywomenbutalsomenonthecheektoshowthegreetings.FFFTPara1Para1Para6Para12.()5.InRussia,whenamanpeelsabananaforwoman,itmeansheisfondofher.()6.WecangeneralizenothingsimilarfromHispanics.()7.“Yes”means“Iagree”allthetime.()8.Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencesisnotimportant.()9.InRussia,itisacustomaryforthearrivingpersontogreettheothers.10.Thewriterworkedinin1993.theUniversityofCaliforniaFFFFTPara7Para9Para11Para12Para12Para1.CulturalDifferencesIn1993,IhadmyfirstopportunitytovisitRussiaasarepresentativeoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Iwastheretoprovidesometechnicalassistanceintheareaofagriculturallabormanagement.“Russiansareaverypolitepeople,”Ihadbeentutoredbeforemyarrival.Oneofmyinterpreters,onceIwasthere,explainedthatagentlemanshouldpourthelemonade(atypeofjuice)fortheladiesandshowothercourtesiestothem.Towardtheendofmythree-weektripIwasinvitedbymyyoungRussianhostandfriendDmitriIvanovichandhislovelywifeYielenaouttodinner.AttheendofawonderfulmealYielenaaskedifIwouldlikeabanana.Ieducated/taughtinvitesb.outtodinner邀请…外出吃饭.politelydeclinedandthankedher,andexplainedIwasmostsatisfiedwiththemeal.Butthewholewhilemymindwasracing:“WhatdoIdo?DoIofferherabananaeventhoughtheyareasclosetoherastheyaretome?Whatisthepolitethingtodo?”“Wouldyoulikeabanana?”IaskedYielena.“Yes,”shesmiled,butmadenoattempttotakeanyofthethreebananasinthefruitbasket.“Whatnow?”Ithought.“Whichonewouldyoulike?”Ifumbled.“Thatone,”shepointedatoneofthebananas.SoallthewhilethinkingaboutRussianpolitenessIpickedthebananaYielenahadpointedatandpeeledithalfwayandhandedittoher.SmilesinYielenaandDmitri’sfacestoldmeIhaddonetherightthing.AfterthisexperienceIspentmuchtimemakeattemptto…Eg.Hemadeattempttogo.time,.lettingtheworldknowthatinRussia,thepolitethingistopeelthebananasfortheladies.SometimeduringmythirdtripIwaspolitelydisabusedofmynotion.“Ohno,GrigoriiDavidovich,”aRussiangraciouslycorrectedme.“InRussia,whenamanpeelsabananaforaladyitmeanshehasaromanticinterestinher.”HowembarrassedIfelt.AndhereIhadbeenproudlytellingeveryoneaboutthistidbitofculturalunderstanding.Certainlessonshavetobelearnedthehardway.Somewellmeaningarticlesandpresentationsonculturaldifferenceshaveapotentialtodomoreharmthangoodandmaynotbeasamusing.Theypresent,likemybananas,toomanygeneralizationsorquiteadistortedview.kindlyasmallinterestinginformation小趣闻有些教训只有通过这种尴尬的方式才能吸取。.Someoften-heardgeneralizationsabouttheHispaniccultureinclude:Hispanicsneedlesspersonalspace,makelesseyecontact,toucheachothermoreinnormalconversation,andarelesslikelytoparticipateinameeting.Generalizationsareoftendangerous,andespeciallywhenaccompaniedbyrecommendationssuchas:movecloserwhentalkingtoHispanics,makemorephysicalcontact,don’texpectparticipation,andsoon..Differencesbetweenpeoplewithinanygivennationorculturearemuchgreaterthandifferencesbetweengroups.Education,socialstanding,religion,personality,beliefstructure,pastexperience,affectionshowninthehome,andamyriadofotherfactorswillaffecthumanbehaviorandculture.Suretherearedifferencesinapproachastowhatisconsideredpoliteandappropriatebehaviorbothonandoffthejob.Insomecultures“yes”means,“Ihearyou”morethan“Iagree.”Lengthofpleasantriesandgreetingsbeforegettingdowntobusiness,leveloftoleranceforbeingaroundsomeonespeakingaforeign(not-understood)language,politenessmeasuredintermsofgallantryoretiquette(e.g.,standingupforawomanwhoapproachesaahostof/amultitudeof/awealthof谈正事前的寒暄和问候的时间长短().table,yieldingaseatonthebustoanolderperson,etc.)andmannerofexpecteddressareallexamplesofpossibleculturaldifferencesandtraditions.InMexicoitiscustomaryforthearrivingpersontogreettheothers.Forinstance,someonewhowalksintoagroupofpeopleeatingwouldsayprovecho(enjoyyourmeal).InChile,womenoftengreetbothotherwomenandmenwithakissonthecheek.InRussiawomenoftenwalkarminarmwiththeirfemalefriends.Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencescangivesomeoneoutsidethatcultureabetterchanceofassimilationoracceptance.Ignoringthesecangetanunsuspectingpersonintotrouble.Thereareculturalandideologicaldifferencesanditisgoodtohaveanunderstandingaboutaculture’scustomsandways..AaronPun,aCanadianODCnetcorrespondent,wrote:“Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.”Anothercorrespondentexplainedthehumanneedtocategorize.True,butthedangercomeswhenweactonsomeofthesegeneralizations,especiallywhentheyarebasedonfaultyobservations.Actingongeneralizationsaboutsuchmattersaseyecontact,personalspace,touch,andinterestinparticipationcanhaveseriousnegativeconsequences.(781words)Readingquestion4Readingquestion5严重的负面后果positiveconsequences正面结果.Butthewholewhilemymindwasracingracev.[常用意]—takeinarace参加速度比赛[此处]—moveveryfast急速运转；移动Translation但此刻我一直在想。.SometimeduringmythirdtripIwaspolitelydisabusedofmynotionWhenIwenttoRussiaforthethirdtimeaRussianpolitelycorrectedmywrongnotion..Somewellmeaningarticlesandpresentationsonculturaldifferenceshaveapotentialtodomoreharmthangoodandmaynotbeasamusing.Somearticlesandlecturesaimtohelpreadersandaudiencetounderstandaboutculturaldifferences,butinfact,arelikelytomisleadthem,meanwhiletheyarenotinteresting.那些有关文化差异的好心文章和讲座可能是害多利少，也许还并不像我说的这件事这样只是一件趣事而已。好心的；善意的.Hispanicadj.—ofSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountries西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的Hispanics:n..accompanyv.—beprovidedorexistatthesametimeassomething;gowith,esp.onajourney伴随ExampleLetmeaccompanyyoutotherestaurant.Accompanyingthesetemperaturevariationsweresomeperiodsofratherheavyprecipitation.天气变化fallofrain,sleet,snoworhail（雨、雨夹雪、雪、雹子等的）降落.recommendationn.—adviceorsuggestionExampleMyteacherwrotemealetterofrecommendationtosupportmyjobapplication..Differencesbetweenpeoplewithinanygivennationorculturearemuchgreaterthandifferencesbetweengroups.Thedifferencesbetweenpeopleinonecountryoroneculturearemuchgreaterthanthosebetweentwocountriesortwocultures.任何特定民族或特定文化内部的人们之间的差异常常要比不同群体间的差异大得多。.Suretherearedifferencesinapproachastowhatisconsideredpoliteandappropriatebehaviorbothonandoffthejob.Translation对上班和下班后那些行为算是有礼貌和恰当的这一问题，看法肯定是有分歧的。way/attitude.Payingattentiontocustomsandculturaldifferencescangivesomeoneoutsidethatcultureabetterchanceofassimilationoracceptance.Iftheypayattentiontothecustomsandculturaldifferencesthosewhocomefromanotherculturehaveabetterchanceofbeingacceptedbythelocalpeople.注意风俗习惯和文化差异能让来自另一种文化的人有机会更快地融入该文化或被认同。.Thereareculturalandideologicaldifferencesanditisgoodtohaveanunderstandingaboutaculture’scustomsandways.Inanothercountry,theculturalandpoliticalbeliefsaredifferentfromours,thereforeit’shelpfultoknowitscustomsandways.由于存在文化和意识形态上的差异，所以了解一种文化中的习惯和方式是有好处的。.Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.Whenwestudythedifferencesbetweendifferentcultureswearecomparingthecollectivecultureratherthanindividualsfromeachculture.Thereforewefocusontheirgeneraldifferenceswhichwillnotbetrueofeveryonewithinthosecultures.Translation.Instudyingcross-culturaldifferences,wearenotlookingatindividualsbutacomparisonofoneethnicgroupagainstothers.Hence,wearecomparingtwobellcurvesandgeneralizationscannotbeavoided.在研究跨文化差异中，我们不是研究个体，而是进行不同民族间的比较，因此，我们是在比较两个正态分布曲线，所以概括是难免的。.Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.1.WhatdidtheauthorlearnaboutRussiansbeforehevisitedRussia?A)Theyareverypolite.B)Theyarefrankandromantic.C)Theirbehaviorisusuallyverydifferent.D)Theyareveryhospitable.1.WhatdidtheauthorlearnaboutRussiansbeforehevisitedRussia?A)Theyareverypolite.B)Theyarefrankandromantic.C)Theirbehaviorisusuallyverydifferent.D)Theyareveryhospitable.Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.2.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouthispeelingabananaforawomaninRussiaduringhisfirstvisittoRussia?A)HefelthedidtherightthinginlinewithRussianculture.B)HefeltembarrassedforhavingbrokenaRussiancustom.C)Hefelthewasmakingamistake.D)Hefeltexcitedabouthisromanticexperience.2.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouthispeelingabananaforawomaninRussiaduringhisfirstvisittoRussia?A)HefelthedidtherightthinginlinewithRussianculture.B)HefeltembarrassedforhavingbrokenaRussiancustom.C)Hefelthewasmakingamistake.D)Hefeltexcitedabouthisromanticexperience..3.Howdidtheauthorrealizethathehadmadeaculturalblunder?A)HestudiedRussianetiquetteafterhisfirstvisittoRussia.B)Hegotahintfromtheladyheofferedthebananato.C)HewaspolitelycorrectedbyaRussianduringhisthirdvisit.D)Heconsultedsomebooksandrealizedhismistake.Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.3.Howdidtheauthorrealizethathehadmadeaculturalblunder?A)HestudiedRussianetiquetteafterhisfirstvisittoRussia.B)Hegotahintfromtheladyheofferedthebananato.C)HewaspolitelycorrectedbyaRussianduringhisthirdvisit.D)Heconsultedsomebooksandrealizedhismistake..4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestudyofcross-culturaldifferences?A)Studyingthedifferencesbetweenindividualswithinoneethnicgroup.B)Makingacomparisonbetweenoneethnicgroupandanotherintermsofculture.C)Makingculturalgeneralizationsaboutoneculturebasedonthestandardsoftheother.D)Comparingandcategorizingdifferentcultures.Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestudyofcross-culturaldifferences?A)Studyingthedifferencesbetweenindividualswithinoneethnicgroup.B)Makingacomparisonbetweenoneethnicgroupandanotherintermsofculture.C)Makingculturalgeneralizationsaboutoneculturebasedonthestandardsoftheother.D)Comparingandcategorizingdifferentcultures..5Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A)Hewasamaletourist.B)HecouldspeakRussianverywell.C)Heoftentraveledaroundtheworld.D)Hewasanexpertinworldcultures.Ex.10Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionwiththeinformationfromthepassage.5Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A)Hewasamaletourist.B)HecouldspeakRussianverywell.C)Heoftentraveledaroundtheworld.D)Hewasanexpertinworldcultures...Factsarestatementsthatcanbeverified─thatis,proventobetrue.Opinionsarestatementsthatexpresssubjectivefeelings,attitudes,orbeliefs.Theirtruthwillhavetobeproven.Hereareafewexamplesofeach:Facts1.TheaverageAmericanadultsspend25hoursperweekonhousework.2.U.S.militaryspendinghasincreasedoverthepasttenyears.DistinguishingFactfromOpinion.DistinguishingFactfromOpinionOpinions1.Bytheyear2020tobaccoshouldhavebecomeillegal,asvariousotherdrugsarecurrentlyillegal.2.IfJohnF.Kennedyhadlived,theUnitedStateswouldhavebecomequitedifferent.Facts,onceverifiedortakenfromareputablesource,canbeacceptedandregardedasreliableinformation.Opinions,however,arenotreliablesourcesofinformationandshouldbequestionedandcarefullyevaluated.Someauthorsarecarefultosignalthereaderwhentheyarepresentinganopinion..DistinguishingFactfromOpinionWatchforsuchwordsandphrasesas:itisbelievedapparentlyinmyviewpresumablyitislikelythatinmyopinionseeminglythissuggestsoneexplanationispossibly..数量词的翻译(Numbers)数量词的翻译 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 和技巧数词的翻译英汉两种语言 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进行换算。例如：1tenthousand万，onehundredthousand十万,onehundredmillion亿,onebillion十亿,tenbillion百亿2hundredsof:数百thousandsof:数千；成千上万tensofthousandsof:千千万万millionsof:数百万；千百万millionsofmillionsof亿万与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词：decades:几十（年）scores:好几十；大量dozens:数打.Exercises量词的翻译1.度量衡单位词的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如：ton:吨gram:克foot:英尺inch:英寸2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：apieceofnews:一则消息acolonyofants:一窝蚂蚁acakeofsoap:一块肥皂3.翻译时增加量词。例如：achair:一把椅子ahorse:一匹马atree:一棵树Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。.1.Petroleum,naturalgasandcoalcomefromplantsthatlived330millionyearsago.2.Althoughthereexistonlyabout90elementsinnature,theycombinetoformthousandsofdifferentsubstancesintheworld.Ex.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandpayspecialattentiontothecoloredparts.石油﹑天然气和煤都是由3亿3千万年以前的植物形成的。虽然自然界大约只有90种元素，但它们的结合可构成世界上千千万万种不同的物质。.3.Nobel’soriginallegacyofninemilliondollarswasinvested,andtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawardswhichvaryfrom$30000to$125000.4.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionsthatallmenarecreatedequal.诺贝尔提供的遗产原数为900万美元，这些钱投资后所得利息用作奖金，奖金的数额从3万美元到12.5万美元不等。八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。..