素描立体感 ——三大面、五大调子（Sketch stereoscopic feeling -- three big faces and five big tunes）

素描立体感 ——三大面、五大调子（Sketch stereoscopic feeling -- three big faces and five big tunes） 素描立体感 ——三大面、五大调子(Sketch stereoscopic feeling -- three big faces and five big tunes) A stereoscopic object is also a difficult problem for beginners. An object produces a sense of humor when exposed to light. So, in the paint, to find out the objects of the terminator, xianque Liming (block) in the face of the dark two. And then draw a projection, the three-dimensional sense of the object has been very strong. Next, the "three big faces" and "five big Tunes" are found out, and the three-dimensional sense of the object is shaped. So, what is the "three faces" and "five big Tunes"? This is all about the light and shade of the object. The so-called "three big faces" is black, white and grey. "Black" refers to the back of the object; "white" refers to the object by the light; "gray" refers to the object side of the light. "Five tone" refers to high light (the most bright), Ming (Department of high light outside the light receiving part), the terminator, the dark (including reflective), projection. Another said, remove the "projection", plus "reflective" for "five big tune."". Understood, "three big faces", "five big tune", the object stereoscopic feeling also is easy to manifest. In structural drawing, the three-dimensional feeling of objects can be represented by the actual situation of lines. Sense of texture and quantity Texture is simple, that is, what is the texture of an object?. A sense of quantity is the weight and weight of an object. Texture and quantity are mixed together. Texture is displayed, and the sense of quantity is easy to come out. How to express the texture, generally smooth and soft and smooth objects with a thin line, such as porcelain, silk and so on; the surface roughness of the object should be used extensive lines to the performance, such as pottery, cloth and other objects, but also according to the color depth, using the B number greater or smaller the pencil texture volume, such as light colored porcelain by B-3B, 4B, 5B first used dark pottery shop, combined with 2B and 3B to describe the details. Of all the drawings and drawings, the key is of course the structure. In reality, many painters, because of the lack of understanding of the structure of characters or objects, finally can only take the form of the road, it is difficult to produce in the creation of deep works. Although we have a convenient camera (now use digital cameras and scanners), can handle in computer graphics, can save a lot of other problems, but the shape is the shape, structure, and is not a concept. As for the process of painting, shape is the image attached to the structure, and the structure is the object of support; the external shape of the outline can not really show the internal beauty of the object. The shape of the object we observe, which is a representation, an outline. Once objects change positions, and we lack the understanding of the structure, it is very difficult to start. In the beginning, almost everyone has experienced the stable triangle to determine the shape and location of the composition, and then use the small triangle, square and so on decomposition of virtual objects to be drawn local location, this method can only be finally than dipper gourd painting, photographic drawing objects. Just like we have passed the age of hunger, we have gone through the era of lack of pictures, is entering an era of reading pictures. All kinds of graphics, images, galleries are endless, and then the way to take pictures - copy photos to reproduce objects, it is better to simply go to photography, then we are not as objective as camera. For painters, the most difficult thing to accept is to be praised as "how good a painting is," like a photograph. That is to say, those works not strong, and that something deeper, the lack of the understanding of the structure and form of the painter of the connotation of creative performance object, how can this be regarded as painting art works? The reality of art, and is not the objective reality, but the painter through their senses and hands, a kind of art performance artists feel real Qucuqujing, Quweicunzhen, characterization, and from here from the outside to the inside. For those accustomed to the use of light and shade, it is always felt that painting is the only solid sketch. In fact, after the subsequent work, I still feel very strong. There are too many things to describe, but there are too few places to engrave. It should be said that it is useful to use sketch to describe the object size. But it's not easy to get out of the light and shade. The inherent ideas and habits of the mind, coupled with the slow increase in understanding, so that the original painting will be discarded repeatedly from time to time. Light and shade are like keyboards on a piano. The more they are, the richer they can be. Can we use pencils to produce 7B and 8B? Even with 9B and 10B, we can't show the black of the realistic model space. The contrast between black and white is relative. In the stage art scene dark tone processing, using black + white Champlain also in the light irradiation, on the use of black velvet, but our drawing showed how such black holes? In fact, black and white is just a feeling. Strong feelings we need to change the sketch way, so some of the dead mind to abandon the concept, with new thinking, in the control structure of will, give full play to our own feelings and concentrated on writing efforts to draw the object feeling in spirit. Constantly change their own ideas, and constantly try new painting methods, must not be careful to complete a work, complete the work can not become the burden of our purpose. Otherwise, you will throw away more opportunities to try and repeat your own imaginary spaces that are known to imprison your mind. In sketching, the most frequently encountered problem for beginners is the precise and inaccurate representation of objects. This brings us to the sketch work fuzzy problem, fuzzy concept is that there is no clear concept of sacrificial extension, such as "light and dark", "long and short", "big and small", "virtual reality" and so on, these commonly used concepts in the painting language is through the general comparison and come no, absolutely clear boundaries between them, unable to use accurate data to divide the concept of the difference between. Precisely because of this, the accuracy of sketching is enhanced with the author's ability to understand and skills, which is also the particularity of the accuracy of "Xiang Yu". Then, how can we be less vague and more accurate, so that we can improve the level of sketching and sketching? First of all, the improvement of cognition, and then the method should be correct. The improvement of cognition should be the improvement of appreciation ability. Always look at well recognized good drawings. This good work is a more accurate work. More analysis, more research, recognition training it is good, see more work, the eyes will naturally improve, and their paintings will gradually close to the standard. The comparison is sketch painting only correct and effective method, fuzzy recognition and standard sketch in the process, only by continuously and repeatedly progress comparison, identify problems, correct mistakes, and constantly improve, this work is done carefully, more thorough, so the picture will be more perfect, more accurate. Absolutely accurate is not possible, as long as the consensus reached a level of accuracy, even if you can. In the traditional sketch theory, has a very complete on the "point" and "line" in the application of law, but for beginners, not all theories and rules can be skilled to teach knowledge and use. For example, in measuring and determining the proportion of objects, the team can be intuitive to judge, but also can use pencil to measure the distance between the line and the line to distinguish. Among them, the method of measuring distance by pencil is worth analyzing and discussing. This is a method for comparing the lengths of each line of a body (usually two endpoints). Because of the fuzziness of hand measurements, it is usually possible to measure the length of the lines rather than the exact values of the lines. In fact, the use of such methods in the picture object physique proportion has many difficulties, because the image thinking process, people's understanding and accurate numerical "is very limited, only to realize and express some regularity with fuzzy ratio, There are many examples like this. Now let's discuss some ways of using "dots", "lines" and "faces" in sketch. An intermediate point" Everyone knows that a line from the two endpoints of a red stripe, to prepare segmentation by visual means, the easiest is to find its mid point position, which is determined by the characteristics of the image of people thinking that. In the sketch process, there are many relationships we need to carefully identify and judge, may wish to use "to find the method of" intermediate point to determine the basic proportion, for example, in portrait painting, after drawing a general outline, first determine the location of the eyes, because the eyes the position is often in the head of the middle (that is, in the context of the midpoint position); and then to determine the other position and proportion is relatively easy, the characteristics of this phenomenon completely accord with human visual thinking. In fact, we can cite many examples and so on, for example when depicting the whole plaster of the bust. First we can position the two endpoints are determined, that the head and the base position, then under normal circumstances, the most easy to find and describe it is the position of the jaw, because it often in the 1/2 place. There are many theoretical knowledge about painting point setting in ancient China, including "three court five" is depicted in the portraits on the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of regularity analysis and the formation of the classical theory. Two basic lines" Two basic "line" refers to the horizontal and vertical lines of operation, specifically, we can turn to deal in all kinds of sketch lines into the "vertical" and "close to the level of" two kinds of situations, is a "horizontal" or "vertical line" as a measure of the scale, nature to measure and compare the various close to their lines, so as to grasp the whole picture of the relationship between the. In the painting like horizontal line, vertical line drawing comparison method is used to determine the structure and the location of about two, such as eyebrow bone point perspective changes, which bone, bone point which, if not allowed to see with the eyes, with a pencil to the object level to see out. And as the head of the ear and overlooking the brain is not easy to draw, but only one will determine the amount of the horizontal line across the upper helix can move between the eyebrow and the location of hair, the earlobe can move onto zygomatic position is not easy to find, but as long as the vertical line measure, it is not right in the left side of the nose. On the right or left corners of the mouth, or in a vertical line at a glance. By analogy, a small structure of the head can be found by comparing horizontal and vertical lines. A more accurate point can also be found at the coordinate points intersecting the horizontal and vertical lines. A variety of geometric block surfaces" "Three faces" is a geometric comparison of units in a variety of combinations. The unit geometry comparison method means that the bright surface of the object is similar to the plane geometry. If the surface of the surface is rectangular or uneven trapezoid, what is the geometric area, and then the surface of the picture is compared with the smooth surface. If the rectangle is painted square or the ladder is drawn into a rectangle, that is to say, the geometric shape of the picture and the geometric opening of the object can not become similar geometric shapes, which proves that the painting is wrong. Another example is the acute angle between the eyebrows and the arch and the eye. Then check whether the bright surface of the picture is triangular and similar to the triangle on the ground image. The dark side also compares with the law, this kind of method may compare the time, the dark block surface to prepare basically. To sum up, in order to improve the accuracy of sketch, we must observe the whole case and grasp the method of "one point", "two lines" and "three pieces of faces", and apply it flexibly. This will improve the modeling control ability quickly and effectively. How do you draw the sketch as a whole? Overall performance is the key to good sketching. Drawing and painting should be done with overall observation and overall performance. There are three ways of observing the whole: (1) the method of simultaneous viewing. The viewing time of a single target is shortened, and the viewing frequency of a plurality of targets is accelerated, so as to observe the whole relationship. (2) the method of "comparing and looking". Compare two similar goals at once. Used to measure and determine the proportion of light, shade, shape and other forms of objects. (3) "squint". Narrowing the eyes, destroying the focus of the line of sight, making the whole object "virtual", and through the coercive means to achieve the overall observation effect. The overall performance has six requirements: (1) first, then small. The big and small here refers to the size of the object and the shape of the relationship between the local shape, for example, the head as a cube is basically large shape, and the five senses is the basic shape of the small part of the small shape. Compared with the nose, the facial features are basically large, while the nose is a small part of the facial features, and the nose is the smaller shape in the nose. Contrary to this point, will result in "inaccurate shape" results. (2) first, the grass after the fine. Before the shape of an object is determined, a part cannot be described in detail. Contrary to this point will result in the "broken pieces" and the overall imbalance of the picture. (3) straight back curve. The straight line is simpler than the arc, and the square is simpler than the circle. The plane is simpler than the spherical surface, so it should be "straight, backward and curved" so that the accuracy of the shape can be grasped. Contrary to this point, it will result in "no proportion". (4) first dark and then clear. Every time, every time, every stage, every body, every face, every part of the beginning, from the darkest picture, and then painted dark, gray, and finally bright. Contrary to this point, it will result in "light and dark disorder". (5) first, then empty. Draw the strong feeling, after feeling the weakness of painting. Contrary to this point, will result in "flat screen" results. (6) first, near and far. Draw the objects in front first, then the objects on the other side are set off, so that the main objects are prominent and obvious. Contrary to this