2016年10月22日（星期六下午）人教版新课标高中英语必修一Units1-5 Words & Expressions, sentences
Ⅰ.重点单词识记。
Unit1. 1．ignore /ig′nɔː/ vt.不理睬；忽视
2．calm /kɑːm/ adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的；
vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
3．series /′siəriːz/ n．连续；系列
4．outdoors /ˌaʊt′dɔːz/ adv.在户外；在野外
5．partner /′pɑːtnə/ n．伙伴；合作者，合伙人
6．upset /ˌʌp′set/ adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；
vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻
7．dislike /dis′laik/ n．& vt.不喜欢，厌恶
8．grateful /′greitfl/ adj.感激的；表示谢意的
9．concern /kən′sɜːn/ vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；
n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的
10．entire /in′taiə/ adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
11．settle /′setl/ v．定居，安家；停留；解决；安排
→settlement n定居点；解决
12．suffer /′sʌfə/ v．遭受；忍受；经历
→suffering n．折磨；苦难
13．disagree /ˌdisə′ɡri:/ vi.不同意
→agree v．(反义词)同意→agreement n．同意；
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14．exact /iɡ′zækt/ adj.精确的；准确的；严谨的
→exactly adv.确实如此，正是；确切地
15．power /′paʊə/ n．能力；权力→powerful adj.强大的
16．recover /ri′kʌvə/ vt.& vi.痊愈；重新获得
→recovery n．康复；找回
Unit2. 1．native /′neitiv/ adj.本地的；本国的；
n.本地人；本国人
2．actually /′æktʃʊəli/ adv.实际上；事实上
3．request_ /ri′kwest/ n．& vt.请求；要求
4．apartment /ə′pɑːtmənt/ n．公寓；住宅；单元住宅
5．straight /streit/ adv.直接；挺直；
adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
6．command/kə′mɑ:nd/ n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握
7．base /beis/ vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础
→basic adj.基本的；基础的
8．gradual /′ɡrædʒuəl/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的
→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
9．latter /′lætə/ adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后
→latest adj.最新的；最近的
→later adv.后来；adj.后期的
→lately adv.近来，最近
10．identity /ai′dentəti/ n．本身；本体；身份
→identify vt.认出；鉴定
11．fluent /′flu:ənt/ adj.流利的；流畅的
→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅12．frequent /′fri:kwənt/ adj.频繁的；常见的
→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
13．expression /ik′spreʃn/ n．词语；表示；表达
→express vt.表达
14．recognize /′rekəɡnaiz/ vt.辨认出；承认；公认
→recognition /′rekəɡniʃn/ n．认出；认识
Unit 3. 1．transport /′trænspɔ:t/ n．& vt.运送，运输
2．persuade /pə′sweid/ vt.说服，劝说
3．schedule /′ʃedju:l；′skedʒʊl/ n．时间表；进度表；
vt.为某事安排时间
4．finally /′fainəli/ adv.最后；终于
5．fond /fɒnd/ adj.喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的
6．shortcoming /′ʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ/ n．缺点
7．stubborn /′stʌbən/ adj.顽固的；固执的
8．journey /′dʒɜ:ni/ n．旅行；旅程
9．attitude /′ætitju:d/ n．态度；看法
10．forecast /′fɔ:kɑ:st/ n．& vt.预测；预报
11．insurance /in′ʃʊərəns/ n．保险
12．beneath /bi′ni:θ/ prep.在……下面
13．prefer /pri′fɜ:/ vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；爱好
14．disadvantage /disəd′vɑ:ntidʒ/ n．不利条件；不便之处
→advantage (反义词)有利条件；优势
15．graduate /′ɡrædʒʊeit/ vi.毕业
→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
16．organize /′ɔ:ɡənaIz/ vt.组织；成立
→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织
→organized adj.有组织的
17．determine /di′tɜ:min/ vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
→determination n．决心
18．reliable /ri′laiəbəl/ adj.可信赖的；可靠的
→rely vi.依靠；依赖
Unit 4. 1．burst /bɜ:st/ vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
2．destroy /di′strɔi/ vt.破坏，毁坏；消灭
3．rescue /′reskju:/ n．& vt.援救；营救
4．trap /træp/ vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境
5．event /i′vent/ n．大事；事件
6．ruin /′ru:in/ n．废墟；毁灭；vt.使破产；毁灭
7．extreme /ik′stri:m/ adj.极度的
8．bury /′beri/ vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏
9．shelter /′ʃeltə/ n．掩蔽；避身处
10．sincerely /sin′siəli/ adv.真诚地，真挚地
11．express /ik′spres/ vt.表达；表示；n.快车；速递
→expression n．表达；表情
12．injure /′indʒə/ vt.损害；伤害
→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
13．electricity /ilek′trisəti/ n．电；电流；电学
→electric adj.用电的；带电的
→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．frighten /′fraitn/ vt.使惊吓，吓唬→frightened adj.
受惊吓的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的
15．congratulation /kənɡrætʃʊ′leiʃn/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
→congratulate vt.祝贺
16．judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n．裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判决
→judgement n．裁判；判决
Unit 5. 1．generous /′dʒenərəs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的
2．found /faʊnd/ vt.建立；建设
3．principle /′prinsəpl/ n．法则；原理；原则
4．guidance /′ɡaidəns/ n．指导；领导
5．hopeful /′həʊpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的
6．vote /vəʊt/ v．& n．投票，选举
7．attack /ə′tæk/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击
8．escape /i′skeip/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露
9．relative /′relətiv/ n．亲戚，亲属
10．terror /′terə/ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
11．quality /′kwɒləti/ n．质量；品质；性质
→quantity n．数量，量
12．active /′æktiv/ adj.积极的；活跃的
→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n. 活动
13．devote /di′vəʊt/ vt.献身，专心于
→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
→devotion n．关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚
14．peaceful /′pi:sfl/ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦15．legal /′li:ɡl/ adj.法律的；依照法律的
→illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的
16．violence /′vaiələns/ n．暴力；暴行
→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
17．equal /′i:kwəl/ adj.相等的；平等的
→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
→equality n．平等，相等
18．educate /′edʒʊkeIt/ vt.教育；训练
→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家
19．beg /beɡ/ vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐
20．reward /ri′wɔ:d/ n．报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏
→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记。
Unit1. 1．add_up合计
2．calm_..._down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be_concerned_about关心；挂念
4．go_through经历；经受
5．set_down放下；记下；登记
6．a_series_of一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on_purpose故意
8．in_order_to为了……
9．at_dusk 在黄昏时刻
10．face_to_face面对面地
11．suffer_from 遭受；患病
12．get/be_tired_of对……厌烦
13．pack_(sth.)_up将(东西)装箱打包
14．get_along_with与……相处；进展
15．fall_in_love相爱；爱上
16．join_in参加；加入
Unit21．because_of由于，因为
2．come_up走近；上来；提出
3．at_present目前，现在
4．make_use_of利用；使用
5．such_as例如……；像这种的
6．play_a_part_in在……中扮演一个角色；参与……
7．believe_it_or_not信不信由你
8．even_though/if即便，即使
Unit 3 1．ever since 从那以后
2．dream about梦想
3．persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
4．graduate from college大学毕业
5．be fond of喜欢，喜爱
6．care about关心；忧虑；惦念
7．change one’s mind改变主意
8．make up one’s mind下决心，决定
9．give in屈服，让步；投降
10．as usual照常
Unit 4. 1．right away立刻，马上
2．think little of不重视
3．as if好像，仿佛
4．at an end结束，终结
5．in ruins严重受损，破败不堪
6．a (great) number of许多，大量的
7．dig out掘出；发现
8．be proud of/take pride in因……而自豪
Unit 5 1．out of work失业
2．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上
3．blow up使充气；爆炸
4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．turn to求助于；致力于
6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心
7．come to power上台；当权
8．set up设立，建立；搭起
9．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
10．in one’s opinion在某人看来
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵。
Unit 1 1．While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。
2．You will tell him/her that he/she should have studied，
so you don’t let him/her look at your paper.你将告诉他/她说他/她过去本该学习，因此你不许他/她看你的卷子。3．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face..这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…
5．It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.透过(窗帘)观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Unit 2.1．Why not go by underground？为什么不坐地铁去呢？ 2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。3．Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么
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英语。4.Those_who_reported_the_news were expected to speak excellent English. 播报新闻的人应该说出色的英语。Unit 3.1．Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。2．Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
3．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
4．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.一旦下了决心，什么也不能改变她。
5．A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多困难。
Unit 4.1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都太紧张了以致于不吃东西了。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
4．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
Unit 5.1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。
4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。
Ⅳ. 重点单词用法讲解。
Unit1. 1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；
v. upset，upset，upsetting 使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻be upset about/at/over为……烦恼
upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦的是……
Don’t be upset about it—no harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。
【夯实基础】 (1)用upset的适当形式填空
1 She sounded upset when I said you couldn’t come.
2 She warned me not to say anything to upset him.
3 I will never see him again and that is a terribly upsetting thought.
(2)—What’s the matter with her? ——她怎么了？
—She is really upset over/at/about not finding a job.—她为没找到工作而心烦意乱。
(3)翻译句子。1. 我心烦意乱，很想哭。I was so upset that I felt like crying.
2.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾
ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
out of/through ignorance出于无知
ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
be ignorant of不知道……
What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.更糟的是，他们随地吐痰，甚至把垃圾扔到湖里，完全无视附近“禁止扔垃圾”的警告牌。
【夯实基础】(1)用ignore的适当形式填空。
1 They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
2 People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant.
(2)将划线句子进行同义句改写。
—Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom.
—Just ignore him. You are the most beautiful in my eyes. Don’t mind/care about it.
3.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
calm sb. down使某人平静下来
keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down平静镇静下来The black pencil，on the other hand，remains calm.另一方面，那只黑色铅笔却保持平静。
It is not easy to calm the excited man down.很难使那个激动的人平静下来。
【夯实基础】 (1)Do keep calm in an emergency，or things will get even worse.在遇到紧急情况时一定要保持镇静，否则情况会更糟。
(2)翻译句子。1.面对危险，他保持镇静。
He remained/stayed/kept calm in facing the danger.
4. concern v.影响affect；涉及involve，
n.担心，忧虑；关心
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的
concerning prep.关于
be connected with与……有关
be worried about让某人担忧
As far as sb. be concerned就某人而言
be concerned about/for concern oneself about/for
对……担心/关心
be concerned with sb./sth. concern oneself with sb./sth
与……有关
It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。
As far as I’m concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。
【夯实基础】 (1) 用concern的适当形式填空
1 For more information concerning the club contact I，Coldwell.
2 I just spoke with a very concerned mother.
3 Government officials remain concerned about the fragility(脆弱) of the financial sector.
(2)同义句改写。
Because he was concerned about the farm workers，Premier
Wen visited them again at the beginning of 2012.(用过去分词短语改写句子)
Concerned about the farm workers，Premier Wen visited them again at the beginningof_2012.
5.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力
come to/into power掌权；上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中
do all in one’s power尽力而为
She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future.据说她有预测未来的能力。
She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.
(1)He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
(2)He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)
6.使定居；平静下来；结束；决定；确定
settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来
settle down to开始专心做……to是介词
settle in定居；习惯于；适应
settle on/upon决定……；选定……
They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问
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But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。
Unit 2. 1.base vt以……为基础；n.基础
basic adj.基础的；基本的basis n.基础
base...on/upon...以……为根据/基础
be based on/upon以……为根据/基础
on the basis of在……基础上
Actually，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。
【夯实基础】(1)用base的适当形式填空。
①You’ll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
②We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
③Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
(2)同义句改写。
I am mailing a textbook which is based on a new method of teaching physics.(用过去分词作定语改写句子)
I am mailing a textbook based on a new method of teaching physics.
(3)翻译句子。1、人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。One should always base his opinion on facts.
2.separate v.把…分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的
separate A from B 把A和B分开
be separated from和……分离
divide...into...把……分成……
They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。
He divided the apple in half.他把苹果分成两半。
【特别提醒】separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。
【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。
①I can separate cream from milk.
②The two cities are separated by a highway.
③Divide the cake into halves.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated(separate) from my friends.
3. command v.命令order；指挥be in charge of；
n.命令；掌握control
command sb. to do...命令某人做……
command that...should do...命令……
at one’s command听某人支配
have a good command of 掌握……，精通……
take command of指挥，控制
They help the computer react to commands from the brain.他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。
The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
(1)Captain Picard commanded the crew to report the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)
Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_(should)_report_the_main_deck.
(2)Because she was good at Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.(用command短语改写句子)
With a good command of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.
4.request vt.& n.要求；请求ask；ask for
request sb.to do...请求某人做某事
request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物
request that...should do...要求……
at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求
She had requested that the door to her room be left open.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。
Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。
特别提醒
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。
【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①You are requested not to smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.
②We specially requested that you (should) be informed
(inform)．
③The request is that manuscripts (should) be written(write)
on one side only.
(2)I’m sorry that I cannot accept your request(接受你的要求) to attend your birthday party，Linda，because I’m required(要求我) to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
5. expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望
expect sb. to do...预料期望某人做……
as expected正如所料；不出所料
expectation n.预料；希望，盼望
in expectation of预料
beyond expectations 出乎意料
live up to sb’s expectations达到理想；符合希望
We were expecting him home again some day.我们期盼着他某一天再回家。
Don’t expect me to come and visit you there.别指望我会去那儿看你。
夯实基础 (1)用expect的适当形式填空
①After a year，she got a son as expected.
②Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the company.
(2)同义句改写。
Duty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs，law or religion.(改为简单句)
Duty is an act or a course of action expected to be taken by social customs，law or religion.
6. recognize v.认识；辨认出make out；
be recognized as被公认为……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.因此我开始认识到同学们的力量，然后让他们在班级里发挥各自的作用。
[夯实基础 (1)同义句改写。
It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth. be recognized to...改写句子)
Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
(2)翻译句子。
①我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。We all recognized her talent for dancing.
3 这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。The book is now recognized as a classic.
【夯实基础】(1)完成句子。
①With all the difficult problems settled，the boss went abroad for a trip.由于所有的难题都解决了，老板去国外旅行了。
②I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Boston.获悉你已在波士顿定居我很高兴。
(2)同义句改写
They finally settled to buy the car.(用动名词作宾语改写句子)They finally settled on/upon buying the car.
7.suffer v.受折磨to be badly affected；遭受
suffer pain/defeat/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难
suffer from受……折磨；患……病
suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
On the other hand，they also suffer from less respect and lower pay，working all day on the street whether it shines strongly or snows，winds heavily.另一方面，他们不受尊重，报酬很低，整天在马路上劳作，不管烈日炎炎还是狂风暴雪。
Our earth is suffering severe damage.我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
【特别提醒】suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。
【夯实基础】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)After the flooding，people were suffering(suffer) in that area，who urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
(2)Shortly after suffering(suffer) from a massive earthquake
and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.
(3)—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students. —Oh，today we are still suffering(suffer) from heavy school work，aiming(aim) at preparing us for the entrance examination.
8.recover v.痊愈；康复；找回；重新获得
recover from从……中恢复recover oneself恢复正常
recover losses/one’s lost watch弥补损失/找回失去的手表
recovery n.康复，恢复
With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.在我的细心照料下，母亲很快就康复了。
Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.看到她腿缠绷带躺在床上我们都很难过并希望她能尽快康复。
【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空。
①She soon recovered herself(she) and went on with her lecture.
②The boy made a quick recovery(recover) from his cold.
(2)同义词语替换。
Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but recovered slightly in the afternoon. went up
Unit 3.1 prefer v．更喜欢；
prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做……
prefer sb.to do...喜欢让某人做……
prefer doing...to doing...＝prefer to do...rather than do...和……相比更喜欢做……
have a preference to优先考虑……
After all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评。
Fluency in Chinese is preferred.流利的汉语是首选。
I prefer red wine to white.我喜欢红葡萄酒，不太喜欢白的。【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①He prefers staying(stay) indoors to going(go) out this afternoon.
②Tom prefers to meet his friend at the station rather than wait(wait) here.
(2)同义句改写。
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
①She preferred going with us to staying behind.(用prefer doing...to doing...改写句子)
②She would rather go with us than stay behind.(用would rather do...than do...改写句子)
③She would go with us rather than stay behind.(用would do...rather than do...改写句子)
2. persuade vt说服；使信服；使相信
persuade sb.to do...＝persuade sb.into doing...
说服某人做……
persuade sb.not to do...＝persuade sb.out of doing...说服某人不做……
persuade sb.of sth./that...使某人相信某事
Finally she persuaded him into going to the hospital.她最终说服他去了医院。
We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of the decision.
我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。
特别提醒表示“试图说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：try to persuade sb. to do...；advise sb. to do...
夯实基础(1)Mr. Green has never smoked any more since his wife persuaded him to give it up.自从妻子说服他戒烟以来，格林先生从来没吸过。
(2)同义句改写。
Tom persuaded his father not to smoke at last.(用persuade sb. out of doing...改写句子)
Tom persuaded his father out of smoking at last.
3. schedule n. 时间表；进度表；为某事安排时间
on schedule准时 ahead of schedule提前
behind schedule晚点；落后于预定计划
be scheduled for/to do...安排某事/做某事
I searched the Internet for the train schedule.我在网上寻找火车时刻表。
We failed to finish the planned work on schedule due to the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，我们未能如期完成计划好的工作。
夯实基础(1)用schedule的适当形式填空
①The children must have got lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
②The president is scheduled to inspect the school this Friday.
(2)I’d love to join in your visit to a local museum today，but I’m on a very tight schedule(日程紧)—I’ve got a lot of work to do today.
(3)翻译句子。你明天的日程安排如何？What’s your schedule for tomorrow?
4. determine vt决定
determine to do...决定做……表示动作
determine on/upon 决定
determine sb.to do...使某人决定做……
be determined to do...决心做某事表示状态
with determination坚决地；果断地
He determined to go at once.他决定立刻就走。
She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。
夯实基础(1)We carried out the plan with determination(果断地实施了这项计划)．
(2)同义句改写
We determined on an early start.(用不定式改写句子)
We determined to start early.
5. view n.个人的看法opinion，风景；
v.把…视为；把…看作
point of view观点，看法in/out of view在视线范围内/外
in one’s view＝in the view of sb.依照某人的观点,
in view of鉴于，考虑到come into view出现在眼前
I can’t agree more with this view.我完全同意这种观点。We’ll go and view the house before we buy it.在买房前我们先去看一看房子。
夯实基础(1)On the top of this mountain，you can get a wonderful view of the nearby hills.站在山顶上，你会看到附近山脉的优美景色。
(2)The lake came into view as we turned the corner.转过弯，我们就看见那个湖了。
Unit 4.1. rise vi升起；上涨；提高；n.上升
rise to one’s feet站起来 on the rise在上涨；在增长
give rise to引起；导致
Spray rose up from the surface of the water.水面溅起水花。
He will get a pay rise of nearly ￡4,000.他的工资将会上涨将近4 000英镑。
图解
交通标志图片大全及图解交通标志牌图片大全及图解建筑工程建筑面积计算规范2013图解乒乓球规则图解老年人智能手机使用图解
助记
夯实基础(1)用rise短语的适当形式填空。
①Delays could give rise to further problems.
②Serious crime is once again on the rise.
③Pushing back her chair she rose to her feet.
(2)用rise的短语替换下列划线部分
The number of the unemployed is rising owing to the financial crisis. on the rise
2. burst v．爆裂(to break apart)；突然出现(appear suddenly)；n.突发；爆破；爆裂
burst/ break into＋n. 突然爆发；闯入
burst/ break out doing...突然开始做……
burst in突然冲入 burst forth迸发
Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my desk-mate’s face turned red.听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
I don’t know what in the novel made him burst into tears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。
Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。
【图解助记】
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
(1)Hearing the news，John burst into tears.(用burst out改写句子)Hearing the news，John burst out crying.
(2)As soon as she saw her mother，she burst into tears.(改为现在分词短语作状语)
She saw her mother，bursting into tears.
3. ruin v毁坏； n.毁坏；废墟
in ruins毁坏；成为废墟 fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
Heavy smoking ruined his health.过度吸烟损害了他的健康。
The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。
【夯实基础】 (1)用ruin的适当形式填空
①Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined.
②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.
③This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins.
(2)同义句改写。
His broken leg means ruining all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.(用名词ruin改写)
His broken leg means the ruin of all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.
4. rescue v&n.营救；拯救
rescue sb./sth.from sth.从……中营救……
go/come to one’s rescue去/来救某人
rescuer n.救援人员
We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借给了一大笔钱救了我们。
Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors.救援人员在瓦砾中搜寻幸存者。
夯实基础用rescue的适当形式填空。
(1)We are informed that more firefighters will be sent there to rescue the victims.
(2)All the visitors were rescued from the burning hotel；the two injured were saved by doctors from a nearby hospital.
5．trap vt使陷入……困境; n. 陷阱; 困境
set/lay a trap for为……设下圈套
be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱
be trapped in 被困在……；使陷入……困境
trap sb. into doing...诱骗某人做……
She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
She was trapped in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。
【夯实基础】
(1)He was caught in a trap of(陷入) poverty.
(2)Were you just trying to trap her into making(诱骗她做出) a mistaken decision?
(3)The police set a trap(设圈套) to catch the thieves.
6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury sth. in...把……埋在……be buried in专心于
bury oneself in埋头于，专心于
The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。
She sat there，buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。 【夯实基础】 (1)用bury的适当形式填空。
①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.
③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.
(2)同义句改写。
I was buried in the newspaper and I didn’t notice what was happening.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Buried in the newspaper，I didn’t notice what was happening.
7．congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜
congratulation n. 祝贺（复数）congratulations
congratulate sb. on sth.为某事向某人祝贺
congratulations to sb. on sth.就……向某人祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！
Congratulations on your happy marriage!祝贺你喜结良缘！
【特别提醒】 (1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
【夯实基础】 (1)单句改错。
①I congratulated myself that I had escaped unhurt.
I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
②We congratulated him to have passed the exam.
We congratulated him on having passed the exam.
4 —Bill，I have just passed the TOEFL.
—Congratulation./ Congratulations.
(2)翻译句子。人们向她祝贺她所取得的成就。
She was congratulated on what she had achieved.
8 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决
judge sb./sth.to be...判断某人事……
judging from/by...根据……判断
in one’s judgment依某人看来
I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。
夯实基础(1)Judging from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club.从车的数量来看，他认为俱乐部里的人不多。
(2)同义句改写。
In my judgment，all of them are to blame.
①In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子)
②As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子)
9. honor n. 尊敬；崇敬；荣幸；vt.尊敬；尊重
in honor of出于对某人物的敬意；为了纪念
have the honor of doing...有幸做……
It’s an honor for sb. to do...很荣幸做……
It’s a great honor for me to tell you something about our English club which lasts for two months.让我谈谈持续了两个月的英语俱乐部的情况对我来说是莫大的荣幸。I feel highly honored by your trust.得到您的信任，我感到十分荣幸。
【夯实基础】(1)同义句改写。
①I have the honor of performing before you all.(用it作形式主语改写句子)It’s an honor for me to perform before you all.
②The street was named after a great man to honor his great contributions to the city.(用in honor of改写句子)
The street was named after a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.
(2)翻译句子。今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。It was a great honor to be invited here today.
10．prepare vt.准备；调制 preparation n.准备
prepare for为……作准备
prepare sb.sth.＝prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备……
be prepared for.../to do...准备好……
in preparation for为……作准备
make preparations for为……作准备
I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。
We each will prepare a little present.我们每个人都会准备一个小礼物。
Justin had opened several bottles of wine in preparation for the party.贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。
【夯实基础】(1)用prepare的适当形式填空。
①The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions.
②If we hadn’t made adequate preparations，the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
③—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I would have attended it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
(2)同义句改写。
Upon graduation from school，how well will you be ready for the job that lies ahead?
Upon graduating from school，how well will you be prepared for the job that lies ahead？
Unit 5.1. quality n. 质量；品质
high/good/top quality高质量
poor/bad/low quality质量差 be of high quality质量高
The food is of the highest quality.这种食品质量最优。
What is the quality you most admire in others?你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？
【夯实基础】翻译句子。(1)质量比数量更重要。Quality is more important than quantity.
(2)他是一个高素质的人。He is a man of high quality.
2. devote vt. 专心于……;献身于
devoted adj.忠实的 devotion n.奉献；关照
devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……
be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……
Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.但是当升入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。
Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿立娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。
【夯实基础】(1)用devote的适当形式填空。
①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.②His life is one devoted to the people.
(2)同义句改写。
She was devoted to her study and she took the first place in the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Devoted to her study，she took the first place in the exam.
3 .vote v.投票，表决；建议；n.选票；投票；表决
vote for投票赞成 vote against投票反对
vote on投票表决vote to do...表决做某事
He was voted the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。
The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。
【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。
2 Did you vote for or against her?
②If we can’t agree，we’ll have to vote on it.
(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是露出微笑。4. position n. 位置
in position在适当的位置out of position不在适当的位置
in one’s position处于某人的位置状况
take the position that...认为……
I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。The position of the lamp will give the best light.这盏灯现在放的位置照明效果最佳。
Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。
【特别提醒】当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。
【夯实基础】(1)When he applied for a position in the office of the local newspaper，he was told to see the manager.当他向当地报社申请职位时，人们要他去见经理。(2)The agency takes the position that their products are bestsellers.代理商认为他们的产品最畅销。
5. allow vt.允许；准许
allow doing...允许做某事allow sb.to do...允许某人做
allow sb.sth.允许某人某事allow for考虑到
The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。We don’t allow smoking in our home.在我们家里不允许吸烟。
He was allowed to leave the country.他获准离开该国。
【夯实基础】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)The children are not allowed to watch(watch) violent TV programmes.
(2)We don’t allow eating(eat) in the classroom.
(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students
which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.
6 equal adj.相同的，相等的the same in...；
n.同等的人；相等物；
v.与……相等，等于be the same in...
be equal in在……方面比得上
be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与……相等；胜任……
on equal terms在对等的条件下
without equal/have no equal无与伦比
He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Though she is young，she has no equal in music.尽管她很年轻，在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。
【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空。
I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.
(2)一句多译。他能胜任这项工作。
①He is equal to the job.(equal)②He is up to the job.(up)
③He is fit for the job.(fit)
④He is qualified to do the job.(qualified)
7. reward v&n报答；奖赏；回报；酬金
in reward for为奖赏……
as a reward for作为对……的奖赏
reward sb. for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth.用某物回报某人
He received a medal in reward for his bravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
He was given a medal as a reward for his service.作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
【夯实基础】 (1)He received a reward of $900(900美元的奖金) from the police for catching the criminal.
(2)It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards(奖励)．
8. opinion n. 意见；看法
in one’s opinion＝in the opinion of sb.在某人看来
have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.
对……评价好/不好/高/低
In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。
【特别提醒】(1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express
/give/offer one’s opinion，而不说make one’s opinion
(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how
(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in one’s opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。
【夯实基础】(1)In my opinion(我认为)，you should go there by yourself.
(2)Opinions vary(观点不同) from person to person on this issue.
(3)Most of the audience had a high opinion of(对……评价高) the performance of our athletes in the 16th Asian Games.
Ⅴ. 重点短语用法讲解。
Unit1. 1. add up合计，加起来；合情理
add up to加起来达到，总计为；意味着，结果是
add to增添 add...to...把……加到……里
The heavy rain added to the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。
【图解助记】
【夯实基础】(1)用add短语的适当形式填空。
①I don’t think these facts add up to anything.
②Well，I could be wrong，but it all seems to add up.
③The letter added to tensions between western and eastern EU members.
(2)单句改错。
The money he spent within a month was added up to more than 1,000 dollars. was added up to →added up to
(3)翻译句子。你想在咖啡里加些牛奶吗？
Would you like to add some milk to your coffee?
2. go through经历，经受experience；仔细查看go over；法律等通过；用完use up；浏览look through
get through通过；接通电话；用完
look through浏览；往……里面看
break through冲破；突破 see through看穿；识破
pull through康复；渡过难关
I always start the day by going through my mail.我每天总是先看邮件。
She was able to get through to me by email.她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。
【夯实基础】(1)用through短语的适当形式填空
①They will never forget the experience they went through last year.
②Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.
③We finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.
(2)同义词语替换。
It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive. Experience
3. set down放下put down；记下write down；登记；让……下车set aside留出；置于一边
set off动身；引爆；引起set about doing sth.着手做……
set out to do...开始；着手做 set up竖立；建立；张贴
set an example树立榜样 be set in以……为背景
I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behaviour.我想知道学校是否能在周围多设几个垃圾箱并制定特别的规则反对这种行为。
She has set a good example for us.她为我们树立了一个好榜样。
【夯实基础】(1)用set短语的适当形式填空。
①His joke set the audience off laughing.
②Some doctors advise setting aside a certain hour each day for exercise.
③Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.
(2)同义句改写。①In much of the animal world，night is the time which is set aside for sleep pure and simple.(用过去分词短语改写句子)In much of the animal world，night is the time set aside for sleep pure and simple.
②Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(改为简单句)
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before setting off on their life journey.
4.in order to为了
in order not to do...为了不做……
in order for sb.to do...为了让某人做……
so as to do...为了做……
in order that/so that后接从句，为了……In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.为了鼓励学生进行户外锻炼，我们学校在4月10号组织了爬山活动。
So，in order to increase people’s awareness of protecting polar bears，I apply for the spokesman for polar bears sincerely.因此，为了提高人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚申请为北极熊代言。
【特别提醒】in order to与so as to都可以表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首，而in order to既可置于句首，也可置于句中。两者都可转换成in order that/so that引导的状语从句。
【夯实基础】(1)单句改错。
All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to receive in time for Christmas. receive →be received
(2)同义句改写。Members work hard so as to support each other and not let the team down.(用so that改写为复合句)Members work hard so that they can support each other and not let the team down.
(3)翻译句子。
我们学习知识，这样，我们就能变得聪明。
We learn in order to become wise./We learn in order that we can become wise.
5.get along with和……相处；进展
get about/round传播；流传；四处走动
get across讲清楚；被领会
get down to开始认真做get over克服；控制；恢复过来
Besides，I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.而且，我容易相处，也喜欢交朋友。
【夯实基础】 (1)用get短语的适当形式填空。
2 News soon got around that he had resigned.
②No matter how I explain，I just can’t get it across to her.③They got over many difficulties in their English study. ④How are you getting along with your new roommates?
(2)同义词语替换。
Team leaders must ensure that all members overcome their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. get over
Unit2. 1.because of由于；因为
due to由于作表语、定语、状语
owing to由于 作表语或状语
as a result of因为；由于作状语
thanks to 多亏；由于作状语
on account of因为作状语
Because of the human beings’ destructive influence，the number of this precious species has promptly dropped to less than 1,000.由于人类破坏性的影响，这个珍稀物种的数量已经下降到不足1 000只。
【特别提醒】due to一般不放在句首，如果放在句首，要用because of或owing to代替。
【夯实基础】(1)用because，because of 填空。
①Our flight was delayed because the weather was bad.
②He was angry because of what he said.
(2)翻译句子。因为地震，很多人无家可归。(because of)
There are many homeless people because of the earthquake.
2.come up走近(come over)；上来；发生(happen)；出现(appear)；被提及/讨论(be mentioned)；长出地面，发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起；被提出
come up with提出 come about发生
come across偶然碰到come along跟着；前来；参加
come out出版；开花；发芽
A question came up at the meeting.在会上提出了一个问题。
【夯实基础】 (1)用上述短语的适当形式填空
1 The sky was dark blue when the moon came up.
2 I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
3 Your most recent book came out last year.
4 Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.
(2)翻译句子。如果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。I’ll let you know if anything comes up.
3. at present ＝at the present time 现在；目前
present adj.存在的；目前的；在场的；v.授予；提出，提交；n.礼物；目前be present at 出席……
in the presence of sb.＝in one’s presence
当着某人的面，在某人面前
present sth. to sb.＝present sb. with sth.向某人赠送某物
make a present of sth. to sb.＝make sb. a present of sth.
把某物赠送给某人
for the present ＝for the time being目前；暂时
Wang Hua，our monitor，presented her with the prepared flowers.班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。
Besides，there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends；it will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find the suitcase.而且，箱子里面有我为家人和朋友买的礼物，如果找不到它，我会很失望。
【图解助记】
【特别提醒】present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。
【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。
1 The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates.
2 Who will be present at the concert?
3 The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.
(2)同义词语替换。
He presented his view at the conference. put up
4.make use of利用use，
make the best/most of充分利用
make full/good use of充分好好利用
make no/little use of没有利用
come into use开始使用
bring/put...to use加以使用
It’s/There’s no use doing...做……没用
You cannot choose what you are given，but you can choose how you make use of it.你不能选择别人给你的，但你可以选择如何利用别人给你的。
Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water.最后但同样重要的是，充分利用水资源是我们每个人的责任。
I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.我通常每天记20个生词，然后尽可能地使用它们。
【夯实基础 】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
1 The money collected should be made good use of to help(help) the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake.
2 The chance she can make use of is(be) rare.
(2)将下列句子变成被动语态。
We must make full use of waste materials.
①Full use must be made of waste materials.(use作主语)
②Waste materials must be made full use of.(materials作主语)
5. such as例如
such...as像……这种的；诸如……之类的
for example/instance例如
In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有更大的选择范围，像旅游、拜访亲戚朋友等。
It’s true that our future is determined by many things，such as opportunities and help from others.真的有很多东西决定我们的未来，比如机会和他人对我们的帮助。However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.但是，它们也引起了一些像空气污染、交通阻塞等的问题。
【夯实基础】用such as，for example填空。
(1)He has been to many countries，such as Canada，Great Britain and Japan.
(2)A lot of us want to leave now—Bill，for example.
6.play a part (in)(在……中)扮演角色；起作用；参与play a role in在……中扮演角色；起作用
take part in参加
As a matter of fact，the teachers play an extremely important part in the study and life of the students.事实上，老师在学生的学习和生活中起着尤其重要的作用。
I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities，in which I improved my communicating skills.我和几个同学交了朋友并经常参加活动，在活动中我提高了交际能力。
【夯实基础】(1)用part短语的适当形式填空。
①About two hundred collegeage males took part in the study.
②Income，education，and occupation all play a part/role in determining a person’s smoking habit.
(2)同义句改写。
He will never forget the part Wen Zhang played in the TV play Snow Leopard.(用过去分词改写句子)
He will never forget the part played by Wen Zhang in the TV play Snow Leopard.
Unit3. 1. care about 关心worry about；在意mind
care for喜欢；照顾take care小心；注意
take care of照顾with care小心地
I don’t care...我不介意……
They cared too much about winning and losing.他们太在意输赢。
At first，I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.起先大多数的班级事务都是我自己做的，而其他同学很少关心班级活动。
【夯实基础】(1)用care about，care for的适当形式填空。①I don’t care about your opinion.
②The mother cared for the sick child day and night.
(2)After the earthquake，the injured were cared for in the local hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighboring cities.地震后，伤员在当地医院里得到照顾或者用飞机运送到邻近城市的医院。
2. make up one’s mind = decide/ determine下决心；决定change one’s mind改变主意
read one’s mind看出某人的心思
keep/bear...in mind把……记住
never mind不要紧；没关系
fix one’s mind on/upon把注意力集中于……
Isn’t it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading？阅读时保持内心的平静不是一种乐趣吗？
Have you made up your minds what to do yet?你们已经拿定主意做什么了吗？
【特别提醒】make up one’s mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数
【夯实基础】(1)选词填空。change ; keep; read
1 I can read your mind and I know your story.
2 Whether you accept or not，I will continue to love you；nothing can change my mind.
3 You just have to keep in mind that a setback is only temporary and greater things lie ahead.
(2)Though they met with great difficulty，the team made up their minds to go on with the experiments.尽管他们遇到很大困难，这个队下定决心继续做实验。
3. give in 投降；屈服；让步
give in to对……屈服give up放弃give off放出；排出give out用完；分发；公布；精疲力竭give away赠送；
give way to给……让路
I gave in to temptation and had a cigarette.我抵制不住诱惑，吸了一支烟。
Someone in the group gave him away to the police.团伙中有人向警察告发了他。
【图解助记】
夯实基础用give短语的适当形式填空
(1)He gave away most of his money to charity.
(2)The car stopped when the petrol gave out.
(3)If we give in to him，he will only make further demands.
(4)He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus.
4. put up搭建；建造；举起；张贴
put back放回原处；耽搁
put down放下；写下，记下put up with忍受，忍耐
put on穿上；上演 put through接通电话
In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain.在第一幅画中，一个男子试图把一面横幅标语挂在一棵被树桩包围的树上，但没有成功。
Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms and laboratory buildings，and a library.包括教学楼、实验楼和图书馆在内的许多大楼已经建起来了。
【夯实基础】(1)写出下列句子put up短语的汉语意思。
1 She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.张贴
2 Several of the banks have decided to put up their interest rates.提高
3 I was soaked before I could put my umbrella up.举起
4 Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？留宿
5 It was Clare who first put up the idea of a concert to raise money for the school.提出
6 John was in the garden putting a fence up.建造，搭建
(2)语法填空。
①The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.
②He has put forward new peace proposals.
4 The Association has put the event off until October.
④Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.
Unit4. 1. think little of 以为……没有什么了不起
think much/highly/well of重视；看重；对……高度评价be well/highly thought of被……高度评价
sing high praise of/for高度评价
I gave him some advice，but he thought little of it.
我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。
【夯实基础】同义句改写。
Most young people think well of the popular song.(改为被动语态)The popular song is well thought of by most young people.
2. at an end 结束；终止
come to an end结束 bring sth.to an end结束
put an end to结束 make ends meet 使收支相抵
on end连续 end up结束；告终
He rose to indicate that the conversation was at an end.他站起来表明谈话已近尾声。
【夯实基础】一句多译。
会议结束了。①The meeting was at an end.
②The meeting came to an end.
③We put an end to the meeting.
④We brought the meeting to an end.
3．instead adv.代替，可置于句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
instead of代替；而不是instead of后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语、动词等。
Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.不要空喊口号，把书和运动物品捐给那些需要的孩子们会更有意义。
Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.父母不应为孩子们包办一切，而应鼓励他们克服困难，激励他们自我发展。
【夯实基础】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空。
1 This order of yours is smaller instead of larger(large)．
2 He will go instead of me(my)．
3 He went to the library instead of going(go) to see the sight.
4 That increased instead of decreased(decrease) our courage.
5 They went there on foot instead of by bus(bus)．
(2)同义句改写。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.(用instead of改写句子)
The young man bought a used car instead of a new one.
4．a (great) number of大量；许多（后接复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
the number of...……的数量(作主语时，动词用单数)
表示“许多；大量”的其它表达方式：
＋复数名词＋复数动词
a great/good many of＋the，my等修饰语＋复数名词＋复数动词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of 复数名词＋复数动词,不可数名词＋单数动词
＋可数或不可数名词＋复数动词quantities of
masses of
＋不可数名词＋单数动词a great deal of
a great/large amount of
A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题
Quantities of/Masses of food were on the table.饭桌上有许多饭菜。
Unit 5 1. as a matter of fact事实上in fact；其实
As a matter of fact，I’ve never been there before.事实上，我以前从未去过那儿。
【夯实基础】(1)同义句改写。
He appears to be strong and healthy，but in fact，he suffers from a heart attack.(用in fact的同义短语改写句子)
①He appears to be strong and healthy，but as a matter of fact，he suffers from a heart attack.
②He appears to be strong and healthy，but in truth/reality/practice/nature, he suffers from a heart attack.
(2)翻译句子。其实，做这件事的就是我。
As a matter of fact，I was the one who did it.
2. turn to 转身；致力于
turn to sb.for help向某人求助 turn down拒绝
turn out结果是；证明是in turn依次；轮流；相应地
by turns 轮流地take turns to do.../in doing...轮流做……
However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。
Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。
【夯实基础】用turn短语的适当形式填空。
(1)—You look upset.What’s the matter?—I had my proposal turned down again.
(2)You can turn to your teacher for help if you are in trouble.
(3)Don’t worry.All will turn out right.
3．lose one’s heart灰心；泄气
lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人lose one’s temper发脾
lose one’s patience失去耐心lose one’s way迷路
We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。
【夯实基础】用lose短语的适当形式填空。
(1)I found I’ve lost my heart to you.
(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.
(3)We’ve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.
(4)The team had won no games and it lost heart.
【夯实基础】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)—Why does the Lake smell terrible?—Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute)．
(2)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising(rise) steadily since 1990.
(3)In China，the number of cities is increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.
(4)A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
【夯实基础】完成句子。
1．Having_suffered_from_heart_trouble(患心脏病) for
years，he has to take medicine with him wherever he goes.
2．While_(he_was)_working(工作的时候)，he stopped to talk with me at times.
3．The fire lasted about four hours before_the_firefighters_
could_control_it(消防队员才把它控制住)．
4．It_was_the_third_time(这是第三次) that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
5．What_is_it_that(是什么) you are going to do tonight?
6．When do_you_guess(你猜) he will come?
7．Even_if_you_explain_to_him(即使你给他解释)，he can’t understand it.
8．She was more_sad_than_angry(与其说生气了还不如说伤心了)．
9．He was admitted to a very famous university.But I have no_such_luck(没有这样的运气)．
10．You may come to my office either_today_or_tomorrow
(今天或明天)．
11．He preferred to die(宁愿死) rather than steal.
12．He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since(从那以后便一直住在这里)．
13．Once you form a bad habit(一旦你养成了坏习惯)，it’s very difficult to get rid of it.
14．The doctor insisted that she (should) take a thorough rest(她好好休息)．
15．I think the plan is difficult to carry out(很难实施)．
16．She left me waiting in the rain(让我在雨里等) for an hour.
17．Judging by/from his previous experience(根据他先前
的经历判断)，he has many advantages over other candidates.
18．He kept working as if nothing had happened(仿佛什么都没有发生似的)．
19．All my friends do not(我的朋友并不每个都) study well.
20．The global economy downturn has brought many small companies to ruin(已经使许多小公司破产)．
21．I was touched by her beautiful voice the first time I listened to her singing(我第一次听她演唱)．
22．Only in this way can we(只有用这种
方法
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我们才能) solve the problem as soon as possible.
23．When I went by his window，I saw him doing his homework(我看见他正在做作业)．
24．My hometown has witnessed/seen/found great changes(我的家乡发生了巨大的变化) in the past 20 years.
25．The baby has reached the stage where(到了这个阶段) he can stand up.
Ⅵ.重点句子讲解。
Unit1. 1.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
1强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that。另外要注意：原句的谓语动词不能被强调。
2、强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who...？
3、强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who...？
4、对not...until...句型中的时间状语从句进行强调时的结构为：
It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
In a word，it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。
It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。
【夯实基础】用强调句型改写句子。
I met him in the countryside last year.
(1)It_was_I_that/who_met_him_in_the_countryside_last_year.(强调主语)
(2)It_was_him_that/who_I_met_in_the_countryside_last_year.(强调宾语)
(3)It_was_in_the_countryside_that_I_met_him_last_year.(强调地点状语)
(4)It_was_last_year_that_I_met_him_in_the_countryside.(强调时间状语)
2.I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.很遗憾你在交友方面出现了问题。
have difficulty/trouble in doing...做……有困难麻烦
have difficulty/trouble with sth.……有困难麻烦
There is some/no difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做……时有一些/没有困难
do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做……有/没有困难
take trouble to do...费力做……
take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事/不辞辛劳地做某事
I have some trouble with the work.我做这项工作有些困难。
【夯实基础】(1)同义句改写。
I had no trouble finding your home.
①I_found_your_home_without_trouble.(用without短语改写句子)
②There_was_no_trouble_(in)_finding_your_home.(用there be句型改写句子)
(2)翻译句子。
你能想象出解决这个问题时我遇到的困难吗？
Can you imagine the trouble I had (in) settling the problem?
Unit 2. 1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
1. even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。
2. as if/though好像，似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句，若从句描述的情形和实际相反，从句要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句动词常用过去完成时。
3.even so即使如此；尽管这样
A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.一对年轻的夫妇坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。
Even if one makes a mistake，correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.即使一个人犯了错，及时改正了就是一件好事。
【夯实基础】(1)把省略句补充完整。
①He won’t come to our party even if invited.
He won’t come to our party even if he_is_invited.
(2)He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even_if_he_wants_to.他很忙，即使他想抽出足够的时间陪陪儿子也做不到。
(3)翻译句子。即使明天天气不好，我也要去那里。I’ll_go_there_even_if_the_weather_is_bad_tomorrow.
2.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
more...than...与其说……，倒不如说……
more than多于；不仅仅；非常；岂止
not more than不多于 no more than仅仅
no＋比较级＋than...前者和后者都不……两者的否定
Don’t be too hard on him；he’s more misled than stupid.
不要对他太苛刻，与其说他愚蠢，倒不如说他是被误导了。
【夯实基础】(1)用as...as改写划线部分。
—I did badly in the exam.What about you?
—I_did_no_better_than_you. I got only thirty marks.
I_did_as_badly_as_you.
(2)同义句改写
①He is very happy at the good news.(用more than改写句子)
He_is_more_than_happy_at_the_good_news.
②He is no more diligent than you.(用neither改写句子)
Neither_of_you_is/are_diligent.
3. Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，世界上没有什么标准英语可言。
(1)“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”。
(2) ＋that如此…以致于…，引导结果状语从句
(3)such...as...像……这样的……，as在句中引导定语从句。
We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher.
我们都被深深地感动了，为有这样一位负责的老师而自豪。
[夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
He is such a good boy that we all like him.
①He_is_so_good_a_boy_that_we_all_like_him.(用so...that...改写句子)
②Such_a_good_boy_was_he_that_we_all_like_him.(用such...that...改为倒装句)
(2)翻译句子
除了彼得没有这样的人能表演得如此完美。
No_such_person_but_Peter_can_perform_so_perfectly.
1 ...she insisted that she organize the trip properly.……她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
insist作“坚持要求；坚持主张”讲时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即should＋ do；作“坚持说；坚持认为”解时，其后的从句用陈述语气。,insist on doing sth.坚持要求做某事
On the contrary，the volunteers insist that they have got tired of the life on the earth.
相反，志愿者们坚持说他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活。
I insisted that you (should) go there on time.
我坚决要求你准时到达那里。
They insisted on their original view.
他们仍坚持原来的看法。
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The doctor insisted that he was(be) seriously ill and that he (should) be operated(operate) on immediately.
②The officer insisted that Michael did not follow(not，follow) the correct procedure in applying for a visa.
③Frank insisted that he was not(not，be) asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up.
(2)同义句改写
The man insisted that he should find a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.(用insist on改写)
The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
2 When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
to breathe为不定式主动形式表示被动意义,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况：
1主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式,常用于本句型的形容词包括：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible，strange等。在这种句型中，当不定式与句子的主语有动宾关系且动词是不及物时，应该在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。
2主语＋be＋too＋adj.＋不定式
3主语＋be＋adj.＋enough＋不定式
4have/give/show/get sth.to do,本句型中的不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。
5与疑问代词连用时，如what，who等。
6be to blame该受责备
He is easy to work with.他很容易共事。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
①This sentence is not easy to explain it.去掉it
②The question is difficult to be answered. be answered → answer
③Pure gold is too soft to be used in industry. be used → use
④The moon is too far away of us to reach. of→for
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
①This machine is very easy to operate(operate)．Anyone can learn to use it in a few minutes.
②The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold)．
(3)翻译句子
这本词典很便宜，能买得起。
This dictionary is cheap enough to buy.
3 Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.她一旦下定决心，就没有什么可以改变。
once在此为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦；一……就……”。
at once立刻；同时
all at once突然；同时
once in a while偶尔
once again/more再一次
The volunteers must make a full preparation that there is almost no chance to return to the earth once they are immigrated to the Mars.
这些志愿者们必须做好充分的准备，因为他们一旦迁移到火星上就几乎没有机会再回到地球。(2013·广东·基础写作)
夯实基础
(1)把省略句补充完整
Once heard，the song will never be forgotten.
Once it is heard，the song will never be forgotten.
(2)同义句改写
You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.(改为“祈使句＋and ＋陈述句”)
Be confident and you will be successful in the interview.
(3)翻译句子
你一旦开始，便不可停下来。
Once you begin，you must continue.
1 In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。
1too...to...太……而不能……
2too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。,cannot be too...再……也不过分
3only/just/but too...to...非常……去做too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气
4too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。
5too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。
That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
I’ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.
我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。
夯实基础
(1)完成句子
①Lily had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy to carry all the way home.
莉莉不得不叫出租车，因为箱子太沉她拿不回家。
②You can’t/can never be too careful in the street.
你在街上走，越小心越好。
(2)翻译句子
①Mary is too wise not to know it.
玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。
②One is never too old to learn.
活到老学到老。
2
all...not＝not all...部分否定，也称半否定
具有总括意义的代词each，everybody，everything，all，both等、形容词complete，whole等和副词completely，always，wholly，altogether等与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。
All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.
我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。
Everything is not right.并非什么都好。
夯实基础
把下列半否定的句子改为全否定
(1)Not everything she did pleased him.
Nothing she did pleased him.
(2)Both of them are not my brothers.
Neither of them is my brother.
(3)I do not remember all the formulas.
I remember none of the formulas.
(4)She is not always excited.
She is never excited.
1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。
1动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。
2当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
3to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。
4修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。
I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.
我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.
②The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
③Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.
④That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
(2)翻译句子
他总是第一个回答问题。
He is always the first to answer questions.
2 ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only＋状语置于句首，句子用倒装语序。
“only＋副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。
Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。 (2012·福建·书面表达)
Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.
只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。 (2010·江西·书面表达)
特别提醒
(1)only＋从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
①Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.
Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.
②Only can man speak.
Only man can speak.
(2)同义句改写
The patients can be treated only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.(改为倒装句)
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated.
3
the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。
He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.
他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.
每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。
特别提醒
for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
The first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.
The first time→For the first time
(2)同义句改写
I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.
①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)
②I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)
用所给动词的适当形式补全下列句子
(1)Betty is leaving(leave) for Guangzhou by plane at 3∶00 this afternoon.
(2)The Browns are going(go) to North China by train next week.
(3)Some friends are coming(come) to Anne’s birthday party this evening.
(4)My plane takes off(take off) at 9∶20，so I must be at the airport by 8∶30.
(5)They are getting(get) there by air.
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