2019-2020学年高三英语第一轮总复习 专题九名词性从句.专题学案 外研版

2019-2020学年高三英语第一轮总复习 专题九名词性从句.专题学案 外研版 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 名词性从句 一、主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。that在句中无具体词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语置于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： (1) It+be+名词+that从句 (2) It+be+形容词+that从句 (3) It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句 (4) It+不及物动词+that 从句 It is a pity that he cant come to my birthday party. 很遗憾，他不能来参加我的生日晚会。 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.　 很清楚，整个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 注定要失败。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 It happened that I didnt take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。 二、宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，在句中可以作及物动词或介词的宾语。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但若从句是并列句时，第二个及后面分句前的that不可以省略。宾语从句要使用陈述语序。 The report shows (that) we are making some progress but that we need to make grater efforts. 这份报告表明我们正在取得一些进步，但还需要作出更大的努力。 I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 注意：如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。 三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，表语从句位于连系动词之后。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去要下雨了。 需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he got caught in a traffic jam on the way. 他迟到的原因是在路上遇到了交通堵塞。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句跟在一个名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。后跟同位语从句的常见名词有:advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。 The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到玛丽可能生病了。 五、注意以下几个问题: 1. whether与if 都可当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般用whether，不用if： 1) 引导主语从句并在句首时； 2) 引导表语从句时； 3) 引导从句作介词宾语时； 4) 从句后有“or not”时； 5) 引导同位语从句时； 6) 后接动词不定式时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she will accept our offer. 问题是她是否会接受我们的提议。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2. that引导同位语从句和引导定语从句的区别 that引导定语从句时，充当句子成分，具有双重作用，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有词汇意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略) 我不知道你在这里。 Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略) 你通过这本书对古希腊人的生活了解了吗？ 例1:We should consider the students’ request the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009•重庆） A. that B. when C. which D. where 解析：选A。that引导的从句作request的同位语，起解释说明的作用。 例2:Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life’s most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.(2009•江苏） A. As B. that C. which D. what 解析：选D。只有what能引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语。 例3:The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.(2009•山东） A. where B. what C. how D. who 解析:选A。remain是系动词，后接表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，故选A。 例4:She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.(2009•湖南） A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 解析:选C。空格处既要引导宾语从句，又要在从句中充当take的宾语。句意为：她对我们来说非常宝贵，我们要不惜一切代价来拯救她的生命。 例5:The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.(2009•江西） A. What B. which C. that D. though 解析:选C。考查间隔式同位语从句的用法。先行词the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。 例6:The how-to book can be of help to wants to do the job.(2009•陕西） A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 解析:选D。whoever引导的从句作to的宾语，又在从句中作主语。whoever作代词，相当于any person who，表示“任何人,无论谁”。 例7:As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.(2009•上海） A. what B. which C. that D. how 解析：选D。how引导的从句作介词of的宾语，并在从句中作方式状语。 例8:News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(2009•四川） A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析:选C。在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句,来解释说明news的内容，该题把同位语从句后置了，应注意分析句子结构。 例9:It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.(2009•天津） A. as B. which C. whether D. that 解析：选D。that引导主语从句，It为形式主语。 例10:—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem.(2009•浙江） A. When B. that C. whether D. what 解析：选B。that引导同位语从句，对possibility作进一步解释说明。