情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“能够”，“可能”“应当”“必须”等，本身词义不完全，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的不定式连用。没有人称和数的变化。 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 对情态动词的考察主要集中在三方面：基本用法；推测用法；虚拟用法。虚拟语气虚拟语气也是动词的一种形式，表示说话人说的话与事实不符，而是一种假设、愿望，猜测。一基本用法can的基本用法1.表示能力：能…；会…Acomputercan’tthinkforitself注：could表示“原来具备某种能力”，was/wereabletodo表示过去成功地做成了某事。2.表示许可或请求许可：能够…；可以…1）Youcangonow.2）---CanIborrowyourbikeforaday?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.3.用于疑问句中表示提议或请求：能不能….Can/CouldIbuyyouadrink?4.用在疑问句，否定句或感叹句中表示怀疑，惊异：可能有这样的事吗？1）CanitbetruethatLilyhaspassedthecollegeentranceexamination?2）Howcanyoubesocareless!3）Thiscan’tbedonebyTom.5.理论上的，按常理推断的：有时候会…1）Beijingcanbeverycoldinspring.2）Awisemancansometimesmakeamistake.6.构成下列特殊句式：1）cannot/cannever…too…或can’t…enough：越…越好2）can’thelpdoing…/can’thelpbutdo…/can’tbutdo…：禁不住；不由得；不得不will的基本用法1.用于各种人称表示意志，意愿或决心1）Iwilltellyouallaboutit.2）Tomwon’tdosuchathing.2.用于第二人称疑问句，询问对方或向对方提出请求Will/Wouldyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?3.表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义,有时用于叙述真理时。1）Fishwilldieoutofwater.2）Sometimesthecatwillliethereallafternoon.4.用于叙述目前或过去的习惯时Shewilllistentorecords,aloneinherroom,forhours.shall的基本用法1.用于第二，三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，警告，劝告，建议威胁，规定,强制和允诺”之意。1）Weshalldoasourteachersays.2）Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.2.用于疑问句中，与第一，三人称连用，表示征求对方意见或请求指示。1）Whereshallhewaitforus?2）Shallwegooutforawalk?3.用于法律、 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 等条文中：应…；须…Thefineshallbegivenncash.must的基本用法1.表义务、必要性：必须…MustIwashthedishesatonce?No,youneedn’t.注：mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”2.表示必然性或不可避免性：必定；必然会Allmenmustdie.3.表示固执、不满等：偏偏；偏要Ourthree-year-oldboymustdotheoppositetowhatweordered.我们三岁的儿子很固执，要他向东，他偏向西may的基本用法1.表示准许、请求：可以…---MayIuseyourcamera?---No,I’mafraidyoucan’t.2.表示愿望、祝福：但愿；祝…Mayyousucceed!3.构成句型may/mightaswelldosth=hadbetterdosth最好做某事should基本用法1.表示义务、责任：应该…2.表预期：应该会…；想必会…Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.3.表惊讶、遗憾：竟然…；居然…I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.4.与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等：究竟是；到底WhoshouldcomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty!我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀！5.用于条件状语从句中：一旦…；万一Ifsheshouldknowthetruth,shewouldbegreatlydepressed.万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望。6.用于表示建议、命令、请求的词后的从句中构成虚拟语气。二推测的用法1.willdo将来一定，准会……Tryyourbestandyourwishwillcometrue2.must:1)mustbe+adj/n.现在,将来一定……Marymustbesadnow.let’sgotoseeher.I’msureshemustbebetterinadayortwo.2)mustbedoing现在一定正在……Theradiomustbestillworkingnow.3)musthavedone.对过去情况的肯定猜测一定已经……Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.4)musthavebeendoing过去一定/肯定正在……Mr.SmithmusthavebeenwatchingTVthistimeyesterday.3.may/might/could1)may/might/couldbe+adj.现在或将来可能…---WhereisTom?---I’mnotsure.Hemay/might/couldbeplayingfootball.2)could/may/mighthavebeendoing过去可能正在……Theguardscould/may/mighthavebeensleepingthen.3)may/mighthavedone.本来能够……Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.4)couldhavedone本能够做但却未做,强调能力。--Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear...4.can’t/couldn’t1)can’tbe现在或将来不可能是Thatyoungmancan’tbemyuncle.2)can’tbedoingsth.现在不可能在做某事Isawhimjustnow,sohecan’tbestudyingintheclassroom.3)can’t/couldn’thavedone..对过去事情的否定猜测Jackcan’thavearrivedyet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme5.shouldhavedone：本应做却未做某事，含有责备的语气shouldn’thavedone：本不应做某事却做了needn’thavedone：本没必要做某事却做了2011年情态动词1.They_____havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(2011全国卷I)A.willB.canC.mustD.should2.Ifyou_______smoke,pleasegooutside.（2011全国卷II）A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may3.---Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?----Don’tworry.He_______come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.（2011北京卷）A.mustnot B.neednot C.wouldnot D.mightnot4.I_____worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.(2011上海卷) A.can’t B.mustn’t C.daren’t D.needn’t5.It____bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.（2011江西卷）A.mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t6.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittotherailwayofficials.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone_____it.（2011江苏卷） A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen7.—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?—Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut____.（2011安徽卷）A.willneverreplace B.wouldneverreplaceC.willneverbereplaced D.wouldneverbereplaced8.—How’syournewbabysitter?—We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.（2011浙江卷）A.should B.might C.mustn’t D.couldn’t9.—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou____,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.（2011福建卷）A.willB.mustC.mayD.can10.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey____.（2011四川卷）. A.canB.mayC.mustD.should11.Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.（2011辽宁卷）A.canB.mayC.mustD.will12.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?---OK.You____haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.（2011陕西卷）A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall13.---Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?---Iwantto,butmymomsimply_____notletmeoutsolateatnight.（2011重庆卷）A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should14.---Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.---Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.(2011湖南卷)A.canB.needC.mustD.might虚拟语气I.三个基本句型　虚拟语气也是动词的一种形式，表示说话人说的话与事实不符，而是一种假设、愿望，猜测。 情况 条件从句中谓语动词形式 主句中谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were，适用于各种人称) should(would,could,might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 1)动词过去式2)should+动词原形3)were+todo should(would,could,might)+动词原形1在if主从复合句中1)与现在事实相反　　IfIhadtime,Iwouldgotothecinemawithyounow.2)与将来事实相反　IfIsawhimtonight,Ishouldletyouknow.3)与过去事实相反IfIhadmetyouyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldyouaboutit.几种特殊情况1)注意混合条件句：IfIhadstudiedhardinthepast,Iwouldpasstheexamnow.2)用事实代替if从句Iwouldlovetohavemetyouatthestation,butIhadtoworkextrahours.Iwouldhaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butIwastoobusythen.3)butfor,without等介词代替if从句Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavesucceededII其他从句中的虚拟语气1)wish,ifonly,asif,asthough,wouldrather,shouldprefer+从句中，用过去时虚拟现在，用过去完成时虚拟过去．wish宾语从句中：Iwishyoucouldcometomorrow.HowIwishIcouldflytothemoon.IwishIrememberedheraddress.Shewishesshehadknownmebefore.Ifonlywecouldseeeachotheragain.IfonlyIhadlistenedtohisadvise.2在Itisstrange/natural/important/necessary/thatsb(should)do.Suggest(建议),insist,demand,desire,order,request,advise,recommend,require等词后加宾语从句中，应使用(should)doItisimportantthatwestudyEnglishwell.MotherinsistedthatIhadcaughtacoldandthatIgotoseethedoctor.Thebossadvisedthattheworkbestartedatonce.3.It’s(high)timesbdidsthIt’stimeyougotup.asif/asthoughHespeaksEnglishasifhewereaforeigner.Shetalkedaboutitasifhehadseenwithhisowneyes.wouldrather＋宾语从句I’dratheryoucametomorrow.I’dratherIwereyou.I’dratherIhadseenhimyesterday.ifonly2011年虚拟语气1.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.（2011北京卷）A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.wasstudying2.---Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.---Iwishthey_________alwayslate.（2011北京卷）A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen3.I_____soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.（2011天津卷）A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome4.We______John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.（2011江西卷）A.willput B.willhaveput C.wouldput D.wouldhaveput5.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.（2011福建卷）A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended6.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.（2011陕西卷）A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgoneCADDDA