Daffodils浪漫主义文学时期williamwodsworth

IntroductionofRomanticismPre-romanticismRomanticismWilliamWordsworth1.Pre-RomanticisminPoetryPre-Romanticismaroseinthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,markedbyastrongprotestagainstbondageofclassicismandbyarecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion.ItwasusheredinbyPercy(“ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry”),Macpherson(“Ossian”)andChatterton(RowleyPapers),andrepresentedbyBlakeandBurns.2.Romanticism(aperiodofpoeticalrevival)1).RomanticismroseandgrewundertheimpetusoftheIndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiod1798-1832.Owingtodifferenceinpoliticalattitudesromanticistssplitintotwoschools:passiveromanticists,representedbyWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey,andactiveromanticists,representedbyByron,ShelleyandKeats..积极浪漫主义作家，敢于正视现实，批判社会的黑暗，矛头针对封建贵族，反对资本主义社会中残存的封建因素，同时对资产阶级本身所造成的种种罪恶现象也有所揭露，因而充满反抗、战斗的激情，寄理想于未来，向往新的美好生活，有的赞成空想社会主义。消极浪漫主义者则不然。他们不能正视社会现实的尖锐矛盾，采取消极逃避的态度，他们的思想是同那个被推翻了的封建贵族阶级的思想意识相联系的。他们从对抗资产阶级革命运动出发，反对现状，留恋过去，美化中世纪的宗法制，幻想从古老的封建社会中去寻找精神上的安慰与寄托。消极浪漫主义的出现，实际上是被打倒的封建贵族阶级没落的思想情绪在文学上的反映。2).Incontrasttotherationalismoftheenlightenersandclassicistsinthe18thcentury,theromanticistspaidgreatattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman.Nature,oftenpersonified,playedanimportantroleintheirworks.Romanticpoetsuseeverydaylanguageasapposedtothepoeticdictionusedbyneo-classicwriters3).In1798,WordsworthandColeridgejointlypublishedtheLyricalBallads,Whichmarkedthebreakwiththepoeticaltraditionofthe18thcentury,i.e.,withclassicismandthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland.II.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)1.Wordsworthismostcelebratedforhispoetryofnature.Tohimnaturehasamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificance.Peoplecancommunicatedirectlywithnaturewhichgivesthempower,peace,andhappiness.Heoftenstormedupnaturalimpressionand“thoughtlonganddeeply”overthembeforereproducingtheminpoetry.2.Oneofthe“Lakepoets”,beginningasaradicalandclosingasaconservative;anoutstandingreformerinpoetry;entitledPoetLaureatein1843.IntheprefacetotheLyricalBallads,hesetforthhisprinciplesofpoetry.Heheldthat“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling”,andhispoetryisdistinguishedbythesimplicityandpurityoflanguage.3.Importantworks:ThePrelude,LucyPoemsandLyricalBallads(servingasthemanifestooftheEnglishRomanticism,andthefamouspoem“TinternAbbey”isincludedinit.)4.“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”ThebackgroundThepoemwaswrittenbeforelongthepoetreturnedfromFrance,where hejoinedsomerevolutionaryactivitiesinthehopeofyarningforfreedom. However,therevolution failed.Williamwasdepressedandshocked.Atlast,herecoveredfromthesadnesswiththehelpofhisfriendsandsister,andthispoemwaswrittenafterhismoodcalmingdown.OnedayheandhissisterpassedthestripoflandatGlencoyneBay,ontheirwaybacktoGrasmere.Theretheywerecaughtbyabeautifulsceneofyellowdaffodils.Laterthedescriptioninhissister’sjournalmadehimtowritethisfamouspoem.Thedaffodilsis24lineslong,consistingoffoursix-linedstanzas.Itisapoemofiambictetrameter.AndEachstanzaisformedbyaquatrain,thenacouplet,withtherhymescheme--ababcc.--4stages1)physicalenjoymentofthedaffodiles2)passionforitsbeauty3)understandingofNature’stranquilinfluenceonthespirit4)deepcommunicationwithnatureasaspiritualpresenceTheDaffodilsIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhill,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze. Stanza1:Walkinginthenature,thepoetcatchsightofbeautifuldaffodils,flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay：TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.　Stanza2:Therearetoomanydaffodilstobeabletocount,sopleasanttoeyes.Thewavesbesidethemdanced,buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesingleeApoetcouldnotbutbegayInsuchajocundcompany!Igaze–andgazed–butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:　Stanza3:thewavesandtheflowersdancetogether,formingawonderfulpicture,whichisthewealthnaturegivestoman.Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodil..Stanza4:naturecanhavehealingeffectonmind,andgivestrengthandhighspiritstomanwhofeelaloneandisinlowspiritsThemeThepoemisromantic,withastrongsymbolism.Actually,thedaffodilssymbolizethepoethimself,whohadintegratedhimselftothenature.Andthebeautyofthedaffodilssymbolizesthebeautyofthenature.Therefore,thispoemisahighpraiseforthenature—itsbeautyanditsgreatpower.Inthispoem,wecanalsofeelthelonelinessinthepoet’smind.Butafterseeingthesedaffodils,acalmemotioncoverspoet.Hecalmsdownandbecomesrelaxed.Andthebeautywillremaininhismind,comingoutwhenheislonely.Thenunhappyfeelingsmaydisappear.Allthatshouldbeowetothegreatpowerofnature.Ifpeoplecangointonature,andopentheirarmstotakeadeepbreath,theanxietyandworrywilldisappear.NaturehasahealingeffectonsoulFurtherreadingStandingonthebareground,--myheadbathedbytheblitheair,andupliftedintoinfinitespace,--allmeanegotismvanishes.Ibecomeatransparenteye-ball;Iamnothing;Iseeall;thecurrentsoftheUniversalBeingcirculatethroughme;IampartorparticleofGod.------Emerson:OFNatureMyHeartLeapsUpbyWilliamWordsworthMyHeartLeapsupwhenIbeholdArainbowinthesky;Sowasitwhenmylifebegan;SoisitnowIamaman;SobeitwhenIshallgrowold,Orletmedie!TheChildisfatheroftheMan;AndIcouldwishmydaystobeBoundeachtoeachbynaturalpiety.Note:One’schildhoodshowswhatonewillbelikewhenonebecomesaman.我心雀跃每当天空挂着彩虹，心即欢悦雀动：当年初涉人世这般；如今长大成人亦然，将来老迈若改初衷，宁入坟茔！成人之父乃是孩童，祈望今生所有光景与自然的虔诚紧密相融！WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze. InspiredbythebeautyofnatureInspiredbythebeautyofagirl？致凯恩（1825）我记得那美妙的一瞬：在我的面前出现了你，有如昙花一现的幻想，有如纯洁之美的天仙。在那无望的忧愁的折磨中，在那喧闹的浮华生活的困扰中，我的耳边长久地响著你温柔的声音，我还在睡梦中见到你可爱的倩影。许多年过去了，暴风骤雨般的微笑驱散了往日的梦想，於是我忘却了你温柔的声音，还有你那天仙似的的倩影。俄国普希金1799-1837在穷乡僻壤，在囚禁的阴暗生活中，我的日子就那样静静地消逝，没有倾心的人，没有诗的灵感，没有眼泪，没有生命，也没有爱情。如今心灵已开始苏醒，这时在我面前又重新出现了你，有如昙花一现的幻影，有如纯洁之美的天仙。我的心在狂喜中跳跃，心中的一切又重新苏醒，有了倾心的人，有了诗的灵感，有了生命，有了眼泪，也有了爱情。这首诗歌是情诗的典范之作。诗人没有描绘凯恩外形的美丽，而是突出了她的美给诗人带来的神奇的精神动力。诗人把一个女子的形象高度理想化了：“有如昙花一现的幻影，有如纯洁之美的精灵。”她成了超尘绝世之美的化身，成了生命和灵感的源泉，使诗人悒郁、枯涩的心灵重新得到滋润与苏醒。这首诗后来由著名作曲家格林卡谱成歌曲，成为俄国最有名的一首歌。凯恩对他来说，是一个超凡脱俗的形象，她在诗人爱的世界里，像水晶般透明，像白雪般洁白。浪漫主义爱情诗人：普希金（113位贵妇闺秀有过情史）1巴库尼娜——他可能是普希金最早追求的一位少女。2  伊丽莎白·克萨维里耶夫娜·沃隆佐娃（1792—1880）是位善于交际的风流女性。她很有教养，通晓诗歌与绘画。她一直招引很多异性的青睐。3 安娜·彼得罗夫娜·克恩（1800—1879）是他的第三个女人。4 安娜·阿列克谢耶夫娜·奥列尼娜（1808—1888）（奶名安涅塔）是美术学院院长、彼得堡公共图书馆馆长、考古学家奥列宁的千金小姐。5  娜塔丽亚·尼古拉耶夫娜·冈察罗娃（1812—1863）是绝世佳人，也是他的最后一位女人。