LetterofCredit(L/C)Contents1AnOverviewofL/C2ProceduresofL/C3Typesofcredit4KeyIssuesunderL/C1.AnOverviewofL/CAmongvariouswaysofpaymentininternationaltrade,L/Cisthemostcommonlyusedmeansofpayment,becauseitisreliableandsafe.1.1DefinitionofL/CAL/Cisawrittenundertaking(
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面承诺)byaissuingbank(开证银行)giventotheseller/beneficiary(卖方/受益人)attherequest,andontheinstruction,ofthebuyer/applicant(买方/申请人)topayatsightoratadeterminablefuturedateuptoastatedsumofmoney,withinaprescribedtimelimitandagainststipulateddocuments(凭规定的单据)whichwerecompliedwiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.1.2ContentsofaL/C1.Typeofthecredit(信用证类型)2.Creditnumber(信用证号码)3.PlaceandDateofissue(签发地点和日期)4.Dateandplaceofexpiry(到期日期和地点)5.Applicant(开证申请人)6.Beneficiary(受益人)7.Advisingbank(通知行)8.Amountofcredit(信用证的金额)9.Nominatedbankandcreditavailability(指定银行和可用信用证)10.Partialshipment(分批装运)1.2ContentsofaL/C11.Transshipment(转运)12.Insuranceclause(保险条款)13.Shipmentaddress(装运地)14—20.Documentsneedtobepresented(需要提交的文件)21.Thelatestdateforpresentationofthedocuments(提交文件的最近日期)22.Advisinginstruction(建议)23.Banktobankinstruction(银行对银行指令)24.Numberofpages(页数)25.Signature(签名)1.3PartiesinvolvedinaL/CApplicantoropenerIssuingbankoropeningbank(开证行)AdvisingbankBeneficiaryNegotiatingbank(议付行)Confirmingbank(保兑行)2.ProceduresofL/CSeller/BeneficiaryAdvisingbank/DesignatedbankBuyer/ApplicantIssuingbankShippingcompany①contract②applicationandcashdeposits③opensaL/C④adviseL/C⑤examineandrequireanamendment(修正案)⑥preparedocuments⑦payment⑧Forwardsdocumentsandclaimingreimbursement⑨examinedocumentsandaskthebuyertoredeem⑩pickupgoods2.ProceduresofL/CStep1:Abuyerandasellerenterintoasalescontractprovidingpaymentbyadocumentarycredit.Step2:Thebuyerinstructstheissuingbanktoissueadocumentarycreditinfavoroftheseller.Step3:Theissuingbankopensadocumentarycreditaccordingtotheinstructionsoftheapplicant.2.ProceduresofL/CStep4:Theissuingbankasksanotherbank,usuallyinthecountryoftheseller,toadviseandperhapsalsotoadditsconfirmationtothedocumentarycredit.Step5:Thesellerexaminesthedocumentarycredit,andrequiresanamendmentofthecreditifnecessary.Step6:Thesellerexaminesthedocumentarycreditandpreparesfortherequireddocuments.2.ProceduresofL/CStep7:Thesellerpresentshisdocumentstotheadvisingbankforsettlement.Step8:Thenegotiatingbankforwardsdocumentstotheissuingbank,claimingreimbursementasagreedbetweenthetwobanks.Step9:Theissuingbankexaminesthedocumentsandreimbursesthenegotiatingbank.Step10:Thebuyerredeemsthedocumentsandpicksupthegoodsagainstthedocuments.3.Typesofcredit1.Accordingtotheattachingofdocuments1)Clean(光票)credit2)Documentary(跟单)credit2.Accordingtotherevocability(可撤销)ofcredit1)Revocablecredit2)Irrevocablecredit3.Accordingtothetransferability(可转让)ofcredit1)Transferablecredit2)Non-transferablecredit4.Accordingtotheaddingofconfirmation1)Confirmed(保兑)credit2)Unconfirmedcredit5.Accordingtothetimeofpayment1)Sightcredit2)Usanceortimecredit3.Typesofcredit6.Accordingtothemethodofpayment1)SightPayment(即期付款)credit2)Deferredpayment(延期付款)credit3)Acceptance(承兑)credit4)Negotiation(议付)credit7.Accordingtothecreditamounttobeusedrevolvingly1)Automatic(自动式循环)2)Semi-automatic(半自动式循环)3)Non-automatic(非自动式循环)8.Othercredits1)Redclause(预支)credit2)Backtoback(背对背)credit3)Reciprocal(对开)credit4.KeyIssuesunderL/C4.1UrgingEstablishmentofL/Cload......ThestructureofwritingaletterurgingestablishmentofL/C:1.Opentheletterinapositiveway.Forexample,inthefirstparagraphthesellerusuallyinformsthebuyerthatthegoodsarereadyfordispatchorthattheshippingspacehasalreadybeenbooked.2.PolitelypushthebuyerstoopentheL/Cwithoutdelay,eitherbyreferringtothestipulationsofthecontractorbyremindingthebuyersoftheseriousnessofnotopeningtheL/Cintime.3.Expressexpectationsandaskthebuyerstotakeimmediateaction.SampleLetterDearSirs:Withregardto150metrictonsofchemicalfertilizersunderS/CNo.005,wehavegotthegoodsreadyforshipmentonscheduleascontracted.Asthedateofshipmentisdrawingnear,wewonderwhetheryouhaveopenedtherelevantL/Cforthefirst75M/TforshipmentduringMay/June.PleaseopentheL/Cassoonaspossiblesoastoenableustoexecuteyourordersmoothly.InordertoavoidsubsequentL/Camendment,pleaseseetoitthattheL/Cstipulationsareinexactaccordancewiththecontractterms.Yourpromptreplywillbeappreciated.Yoursfaithfully4.KeyIssuesunderL/C4.2L/CAmendment&Extensionload,,,ThestructureofwritingaletteraskingforL/Camendmentorextension:1.AcknowledgereceiptoftheL/Candthankthebuyerforopeningit.2.Pointouttheproblempolitelyandaskthebuyertomaketheamendmentaccordingly.Usually,detailedandcourteousexplanationsforsucharequestshouldbeprovided.3.Endtheletterinawaythatencouragesthebuyertotakeimmediateaction.SampleLetterDearSirs,WearenowpleasedtoinformyouthatL/CNo.211issuedbytheDeutschBankforourS/Cno.005hasjustbeenreceived.However,uponcheckingtheclausescontainedherein,weregrettofindthatcertainpointsarenitinaccordancewiththetermsstipulatedinthesalesconformation.Thediscrepanciesareasfollows:Insuranceistobeeffectedfor110%oftheinvoicevalue,notfor130%.shipmentistobemadeduringSept./Oct.insteadof“onoraboutSept.10”TradetermsshouldbeCIFHamburg,not“CIFC2%Hamburg”Pleasemakethenecessaryamendmentimmediatelysoastoenableustoeffectshipment.YoursfaithfullyThankYou马荧孙莹张丽囡张媛翟艺晨