帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案(双语)

PAGE1Chapter1IYES，Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.II流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excessliquidityself-sufficienteconomicresourcesdirectinvestmentbalanceofpaymentsbarterexporttaxrebatedumpingexport-driveneconomicgrowthhostcountrybalanceoftradefavorable/unfavorablebalanceoftradeEuropeanUnionfavorable/unfavorablebalanceofpaymentsvisibletradeinvisibletradetradeingoodstradeinservicesIIIThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.IV1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.V1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.2.Intoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources(land,laborandcapital)thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncompanyistrade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.Chapter2I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需DomesticcontentRed-tapebarriersExportsubsidiesBindingquotaAbsolutequotasVERTariff-ratequotasZeroquota"Buylocal"rulesTariffbarriersnon-tariffbarriersspecificdutiesquotaprotectivetariffmarketfailureinfantindustrylicensingsystemRevenuetariffgovernmentprocurementtradeprotectionismAdValoremDutiesfloorprice"buylocal"rulesraisedomesticdemand国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。.2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.保护性关税 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。III1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry.4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.5.Importtariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.Chapter3IAPEC  Asia-pacificEconomicCo-operationFTAAP  FreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacificEU    EuropeanUnionNAFTA  NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementMERCOSUR  MercadoComundelConoSur/Southern    CommonMarketASEAN  AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsEFTA    EuropeanFreeTradeAreaAFTA   ASEANFreeTradeAreaPTAs    PreferentialTradeagreementsIITradebloc   贸易集团Tradeblock 贸易禁运/封锁Openregionalism 开放式区域主义Freetradearea 自由贸易区Customsunion   关税联盟Commonmarket   共同市场Economicunion   经济联盟Tradeembargoes    贸易禁运Boycotts   抵制歧视性关税  discriminatorytariffs经济制裁  economicsanction贸易弹性  tradeelasticity双边贸易协定  bilateraltradeagreement最惠国   mostfavorednationChapter4IGATT                GeneralAgreementonTariffsAndTradeHOD                 HeadsofDelegationsTRIPs                Trade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsGATS                 GeneralAgreementonTradeinServicesTRIMs                TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasuresMFN                  MostFavoredNationsII施惠国                  Patronagenations受惠国                  Favorednations缔约国                   ContractingParties市场准入                 marketaccess透明度                   transparency紧急进口措施             UrgentImportingMeasures争端解决机制             disputesettlementmechanism可持续发展               sustainabledevelopment特许经营                 franchiseIII1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland,hasaround550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.Chapter5IFOB班轮条件清关FOB吊钩下交货平舱多式联运船舷内陆水运理舱卸货费投保CFR卸至岸上(含着陆费)班轮单据买卖CFR舱底交货CFR班轮条件象征性交货FOBlinertermcustomsclearanceFOBUnderTackletrimmultimodaltransportshipboardmarinenavigationoninlandwaterwaystowdischargeexpensecoverinsuranceCFRLandedlinerdocumentarysalesCFREx-ship'sHoldCFRlinertermssymbolicdeliveryII1.UnderCFR,buyersshouldeffectinsurance.2.UnderCIFEx-Ship'sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.3.UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS$20000.4.UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport6.TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.7.UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableuponexportationandimportationofthegoods.8.UnderDDUthesellermustgivethebuyerinstantnoticeoftheshippingofthegoodsaswellasanyothernoticerequiredinordertoallowshebuyertotakemeasure.III1.该报价为FOB的价格并含5％的佣金。2.在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。3.在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。4.在FOB项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。Questions│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y││N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y││N│N│N│N│N│Y│N│Y│N│N│N││N│N│N│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y││N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y││N│N│N│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│VA.1.c;2.d;3.a;4.c;5.c;6.c;7.d;8.b;9.d;l0.cB.1.a;2.ab;3.abcdf;4.abc;5.aefChapter6I1.SalesbySeller's/Buyer'sSample2.Reference/DuplicateSample3.QualityTolerance4.CounterSample5.MoreorLessClauses6.NeutralPacking7,CustomsFormality8.InspectionCertificateofQuality9.FDA10.MarkingofGoods凭卖方样品买卖／凭买方样品买卖基准样品／副样品质公差对等样品溢短装条款中性包装报关手续质量检验证书食品及药物管理局标记货物II毛重理论重量净重约定皮重公量单位重量含水量习惯皮重法定重量实际皮重从价税平均皮重货样不符副产品国家质量监督校验检疫总局grossweighttheoreticalweightnetweightcomputedtareconditionedweightunitweightwatercapacitycustomarytarelegalweightactualtareadvaloremdutyaveragetaregoodsnotequaltothesampleby-productsGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaIII(B)mineraloreA.sample(C)ordinarygarmentsB.manual(D)fishC.F.A.Q(E)HairwashingmachinesD.G.NLQ(G)medicalapparatusE.famousbrand(A)wheatF.specification(H)calligraphicworksG.inspection(F)powerplantgeneratorH.drawingordiagramIVI.Thequalityandpriceofcommoditiesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationinchoosingthepackingmaterialandpackagedesigning.2．Atopper,matchedwiththesuperior-gradepacking,speaksitselfforitshighqualityandpreciousness.3.Itwillextremelyincreasethecostofthegoodstopackthemedium-lowqualitywiththehighqualitymaterial,andtherefore,influenceitssale.4.Itwilleffectitsmarketingofthegoodstodoggedlystriveforthriftinawa5topackthesuperiorqualitywiththelowqualitymaterial.5．Weshouldtakenotonlythequalityandappearanceofthegoodsintoconsideration,butalsothecustomers'tasteandpreference.6.Wemustimprovethequalityoftheexportgoodssoastostrengthenitscompetitivenessintheinternationalmarket.Chapter7I.油轮定程租船滚装船定期租船载驳轮光船租船船期表租船合同滞期费班轮运价表速遣费选卸附加费直航附加费转船附加费港口拥挤附加费运输代理包裹拼箱货结汇整箱货空运单集装箱货运站装运通知处置权Partialshipment/transshipmentBillofladingCleanB/LOrderB/LCombinedtransportB/LBlankB/LStraightB/LThroughB/LLinerB/LAnte-datedB/LAdvancedB/LConsignmentnoteBlankendorsementIATACombinedtransportdocumentsFCL/LCLOiltankerVoyageCharterRo/RovesselTimeCharterLASH(LightAboardShip)BareBoatCharter(BBC)sailingschedulechartercontractdemurragechargelinerfreightratescheduledispatchmoneyoptionaladditionaldirectadditionaltransshipmentsurchargePortCongestionSurchargetransportationagentpackageLCL(Lessthancontainerload)settlementFCL(Fullcontainerload)Airwaybillcontaineryardshippingnoticerightofdisposal分批装船／转运提单清洁提单指示提单联合运输提单空白提单记名提单联运提单班轮提单倒签提单预借提单陆运或铁路运输通知空白背书国际航空运输协会多式联运单据整箱货／拼箱货II1.√2.√3.xdelay→advance4.xaccepted→unaccepted5.√6．X把“orwithout”去掉III1．海运提单上列出了承运人和托运人之间的权利和义务。2．班轮公司通常把航海时间表登载在报纸上或者分发给托运人。3.在多式联运提单上，卸货港应该是提单许可的中转码头。4.集装箱收费是多种多样的。例如附加费，总费率的确定是基本费率加上附加费率。5．集装箱的好处在于：方便处理货物，减少盗窃，减少暴露，节约装船成本。IV1.Transportdocumentswhichappearontheirfacetoindicatethatshipmenthasbeenmadeonthesamemeansofconveyanceandforthesamejourney,providedtheyindicatethesamedestination,willnotberegardedascoveringpartialshipment,evenifthetransportdocumentsindicatedifferentdatesofshipmentand/ordifferentportsofloading,placesoftakingincharge,ordispatch.2.Cleantransportdocumentisonewhichhearsnoclauseornotationwhichexpresslydeclaresadefectiveconditionofthegoodsand/orthepackaging.3.Neitherthecardernortheshippershallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconnectionwith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymisstatedbytheshipperintheBilloflading.4.Wheretheperformanceofthecarriageorpartthereofhasbeenentrustedtoanactualcarrier,whetherornotinpursuanceofalibertyunderthecontractofcarriagebyseatodoso,thecarrierneverthelessremainsresponsiblefortheentirecarriage.Thecarrierisresponsible,inrelationtothecarriageperformedbytheactualcarrier,fortheactsandomissionsoftheactualcarrierandofhisservantsandagentsactingwithinthescopeoftheiremployment.Chapter8I投保人共同海损投保金额外来风险保险单推定全损海上风险施救费用救助费用意外事故承保人单独海损保险费航空运输货物战争险陆运险陆运一切险估损费用航空运输一切险OceanmarineinsuranceWarrisksBasicriskscoverageInsuredamountT.P.N.DTaintofodorOverlandtransportationinsuranceParcelpostinsuranceFreefromparticularaverageAdditionalriskscoverageFreshwaterand/orraindamageWithparticularaverageinsuredgeneralaverageinsuredamountextraneousrisksinsurancepolicyconstructiveaveragemarineriskssalvagechargessueandlaborexpensesmisfortuneinsurerparticularaverageinsurancepremiumairtransportationwarrisklandtransportationriskslandtransportationallrisksriskestimationchargesairtransportationallriskscharges海运保险战争险基本险种投保金额偷盗、失窃、提货不着险串味险陆上运输保险邮寄包裹保险平安险附加险别淡水雨淋险水渍险II.1.√2.√3.√4.XSpecialadditionalcoveragesuchaswarrisks,strikesandsoonmustbetakenouttogetherwithFPA,WPA.(andallrisks)5.XInessence,openpolicyis(not)thesameastheinsurancecertificate.6.√7.√8.XThree(two)typesofrisksarecoveredbyoceanmarineinsurance,namelytheperilsofsea,theextraneousrisks(删除andtheforcemajeure).9.XOceanmarineinsurancecoverstwotypesoflosses,partiallassandtotalloss→perilsofseaandextraneousrisksIII1.Exposedtomanyrisksintheprocessoftransportingandloadingandunloading,exportgoodsfacethepossibilityofloss.2.Supposedthatthegoodsisputondeckinsteadofinthecabinwhereitshouldbeaccordingtotheclausestipulatedintheinsurancecontract,insurerhastherighttoagainstanypossibleclaimslodgedbytheinsured.3.Cabincoverageincludestheriskoffallingintooceanonly,andexcludestherisksoffreshwater,rainandsoak.4.Expertcreditinsuranceisakindofcreditinsurances.5.Theinsuredshoulddeliverthegoodstothecarrierbytheagreedwaybeforethematurityofinsurance.6.Initialvalueassuranceissealedbythesellernormally,whereasincreasedvalueassuranceisboughtbythebuyer.7.Iftheinsuredcannotgetthewholeorpartialpaymentduetothecommercialcreditorpoliticalrisks,theinsurershouldpaytheindemnity.8.MarineinsurancepolicyisthepartoftheBillofLading.Insureristhemarineinsurancecompany.IV1．从广义上来讲，海运保险的可保风险应包括货物在海上运输中可能的损失和损坏。2．战争条款是保单中的一项条款，用以保因战争引起损失的风险。3.保险应包括水渍险、偷盗失窃及提货不着险和战争险。保险金额为CIF价的110％。如果发生赔付，赔付地为纽约，赔付款以美元计价。4．仓至仓保险所承保的风险包括从货物因运输目的而离开仓库起经运输期间以及到达目的地仓库(或者到期日前15天)为止，这段时间内产生的风险。5．如果保险人所投保的风险发生以至产生实际损失，托运人应该向保险人出示单证以取得赔偿。Chapter9ⅠCoststructure成本构成Costofproduction生产成本Profitmargin边际利润Sellingcost销售成本Targetcosting目标成本法Everydaylowpricing(EDLP)每日低价Totalfixedcost总固定成本Variablecost变动成本Skimmingpricestrategy撇脂定价战略Penetrationstrategy渗透定价战略Floatingexchangerisk浮动汇率风险成本导向定价法pricingbasedoncost盈亏平衡定价法break-evenpricing边际成本定价法marginalcostpricing损益两平点break-evenpoint计价货币moneyofaccount支付货币moneyofpayment硬货币hardcurrency软货币softcurrency汇率exchangerate价款调整priceadjustment佣金/折扣commission/discount期货/现货市场future/spotmarketⅡCountryCurrencyBritainGBPpoundJapanJPYJapaneseYanFranceFRFFrenchFrancAustraliaAUPAustraliandollarChinaCNYRMBYuanBurmaBUKBurmeseKyatSingaporeSGDSingaporedollarNewZealandNZDNewZealanddollarThailandTHPThaiBahtMalaysiaMYRMalaysiandollarNepalNPRNepaleseRupeeIndiaINRIndiaRupeeIndonesiaIDRIndonesianRupiahSwissCHFSwissFrancPhilippinesPHPPhilippinePesoItalyITLItalianLiraChapter10Ⅰ信用状况 creditstandard远期信用证 timeL/C,usanceL/C通知银行 advising bank信用证有效期 thematurityofL/C交付运单 deliveryofB/L支付保障条款 confirmationofcredit支付结算 paymentandsettlement申请人与受益人 applicantandbeneficiary Ⅱirrevocableletterofcredit 不可撤销信用证confirmedL/C 保兑信用证revocableletterofcredit 可撤销信用证sightdraft 即期汇票commercialbillofexchange 商业汇票timedraft 远期汇票governmentalguarantee  政府保函drawee 付款人1. IrrevocableL/Cisaletterofcreditthatcannotbecanceledorchangedwiththeconsentofallpartiesinvolved.2. Timedraftisacommercialbillofexchangecallingforpaymenttobemadeatsometimeafterdelivery.3. Draweeisapersonorpartywhoistoreceiveadraft.4. Revocableletterofcreditisaletterofcreditthatcanbechangedbyanyofthepartiesinvolved.5. Sightdraftisacommercialbillofexchangethatrequirespaymenttobemadeassoonasitispresentedtothepartyobligatedtopay.6. ConfirmedL/Cisaletterifcredittowhichabankintheexporter’scountryaddsitsguaranteeofpayment.7. Commercialbillofexchangeisaninstrumentofpaymentininternationalbusinessthatinstructstheimportertoforwardpaymenttotheexporter.8. Governmentalguaranteeisanagreementofthegovernmenttoberesponsibleforthefulfillmentofsomeoneelse’spromise. ⅢL/C的全称是跟单信用证或单证信用证。信用证是银行开出的支付承诺。一旦供应商/出口商/销售者达到信用证条款要求，银行将替买方/进口者支付预定金额。信用证更正式的名称是单证信用证，因为银行处理的是单证而非实物。既然其正式名称为单证信用证，信用证上所列的条款都涉及在指定时间内出示指定单证。不同的信用证中买方所要求的单证是不同的，但至少会包括一张发票和一张提单。其他的单证包括：原产地证明、领事发票、保险单证、检验单以及其他单证。 Ⅳ1.  Indocumentarycollection,theremittingbanksactingastheintermedium,deliversdocumentsoftheremittertothecollectingbankandacceptpaymentfromthecolletingbank.2.  ItisalwaysunacceptableifthedeliverytimeofB/Listooshort.3.  ExportershouldpresentthedocumentslistedintheL/Ctothenegotiatingbankforpayment.4.  Letterofcreditincludestwobasiccategories:revocableandirrevocable.Thelatteroneisthenclassifiedintotwotypes:confirmedandunconfirmed.5.  SomeSpecialL/Csinclude:standbyL/C,recycledL/C，red-crossL/C，negotiableL/C,backtobackL/Cetc.6. AllkindofL/Cshaveadvantagesanddisadvantagestobuyersandsellers.Andthemoreriskswhichbankstakeforconfirmationofpaymentthemoretheywillchargeforsuchservices.ⅤPromissoryNoteIssuedinBeijingthe2nddayofJuly,2003Onthe2nddayofJuly,2006fixed.WepromisetopayagainstthisPromissoryNotetotheorderofBankofOslo,Oslo,NorwaythesumofUSD676000(saySixHundredandSeventySixThousandonly).PayableinOslo,Norway.                                      ForBankofChina                                          Signature