英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词

1英语高考不规则动词变化集中识记2017/1/20一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（3个）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent23．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught4．把-eep变为-ept。（3个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept5把-ell变为-old。（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt7．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt8．过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）say—said—saidpay—paid—paid3lay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard9．改变元音字母。（11个）meet—met—metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost10．改变辅音字母。（1个）make—made—made11改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave（has）—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个）41i—a—u变化。（6个）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk2词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除外）3词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen4过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）5break—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个）forget—forgot—forgotten6过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gone6lie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）beat—beat—beaten五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）come—came—comebecome—became—becomerun—ran—run六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。——————————————————————————————————不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同：7cost／cut／hit／hurt／let／put／read／shut（细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）二、原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：beat／beat／beaten三、原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：come／came／comebecome／became／becomerun／ran／runcome，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed四、过去式，过去分词相同：(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeet／met／metfeed／fed／fed(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加tfeel／felt／feltsleep／slept／sleptkeep／kept／keptsweep／swept／swept(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加tspell／spelt／speltsmell／smelt／smeltspill／spilt／spilt(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾catch／caught／caughtteach／taught／taughtbring／brought／broughtbuy／bought／boughtthink／thought／thought8(5)将stand改为stoodstand／stood／stoodunderstand／understood／understood(6)将ay改为aidlay／laid／laidpay／paid／paidsay／said／said(7)将d改为tlend／lent／lentsend／sent／sentspend／spent／spentbuild／built／built(8)将i改为a,o,u等sit／sat／satspit／spat／spatwin／won／wondig／dug／dug(9)将ell改为oldtell／told／toldsell／sold／sold(10)词尾加tlearn／learnt／learntmean／meant／meantdream／dreamt／dreamtspoil／spoilt／spoilt(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的learn／learnt／learntlearn／learned／learnedshine／shone／shoneshine／shined／shinedhang／hung／hunghang／hanged／hanged9smell／smelt／smeltsmell／smelled／smelled(12)其它have（has）／had／hadhear／heard／heardshoot／shot／shotlose／lost／losthold／held／heldget／got／got（AmEgotten）find／found／foundmake／made／madeleave／left／left五、三者均不同：(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blow／blew／blownfly／flew／flowngrow／grew／grownknow／knew／knownthrow／threw／thrown值得注意的是:show／showed／shown或showeddraw／drew／drawn(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词begin／began／begundrink／drank／drunkring／rang／rungsing／sang／sungswim／swam／swumsink／sank／sunk(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drive／drove／drivenwrite／wrote／writtenrise／rose／risenride／rode／ridden(4)原形后加n变成过去分词10drive／drove／drivenrise／rose／riseneat／ate／eatenfall／fell／fallengive／gave／given(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词break／broke／brokenchoose／chose／chosenfreeze／froze／frozenmistake／mistook／mistakensteal／stole／stolenspeak／spoke／spokentake／took／takenwake／woke／woken（或woke）(6)其它be／was或were／beendo／did／doneforget／forgot／forgottengo／went／gonehide／hid／hiddensee／saw／seenwear／wore／worn六、有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。wake／woke／woken（或woke）wake／waked／wakedsink／sank／sunksink／sunk／sunken七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：shone／shone照耀shined／shined擦亮hung／hung悬挂hanged／hanged绞死八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词lie躺卧lay／lain／lying（现在分词）11lay放，下蛋laid／laid／layingfind找到、发现find／found／foundfound创建，成立found／founded／founded九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆（一）词义相对：(1)come／came／come来——go／went／gone去(2)give／gave／given给——get／got／got（AmEgotten）获得(3)sleep／slept／slept睡觉——wake／woke／woken（或woke）wake／waked／waked醒来(4)rise／rose／risen上升、上涨、升起——fall／fell／fallen下降、落下、倒下sink／sank／sunksink／sunk／sunken沉下,(使)下沉(5)buy／bought／bought买——sell／sold／sold出售,卖(6)take／took／taken带去——bring／brought／brought带来(7)teach／taught／taught教——learn／learnt／learntlearn／learned／learned学习、学会(8)lose／lost／lost丢失、失败——find／found／found找到win／won／won赢得、（获）胜(9)stand／stood／stood站、立——sit／sat／sat坐(10)send／sent／sent送、寄、发送——get／got／got（AmEgotten）获得、收到12（二）、词义相近：(1)beat／beat／beaten.打,打败win／won／won赢得、获胜(2)understand／understood／understood懂,了解know／knew／known知道,了解,认识(3)get／got／got（AmEgotten）变成、成为、变得become／became／become变成,成为,变得go／went／gone变成turn／turned／turned变成(4)spend／spent／spent花费、度过pay／paid／paid支付、交纳cost／cost／cost花费、价值为take／took／taken花费(5)say／said／said说、讲speak／spoke／spoken说、演讲tell／told／told告诉、说、吩咐、断定talk／talked／talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论①A-B-B型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本意义bendbentbent使变曲bringbroughtbrought带来；引起；产生buyboughtbought购买；采购13catchcaughtcaught接住；抓住；赶上；染上dealdealtdealt分配；分给digdugdug挖（土）；掘地feelfeltfelt触摸（某物）；感觉到fightfoughtfought搏斗；奋斗；斗争；findfoundfound发现；找到；getgotgot/gotten收到；接到；得到；成为havehadhad有；吃；喝；进行；经受hearheardheard听见；听说；得知holdheldheld拿住；抓住；抱；举行keepkeptkept留下；保留；继续laylaidlaid放置；产（卵）leaveleftleft离开；把……留下；剩下learnlearntlearnedlearntlearned学；学习；获悉；得知lendlentlent借出；借给loselostlost失去；丧失；损失makemademade做；制作；制造；使得meetmetmet遇见；碰见；相遇babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿paypaidpaid付钱；给……报酬14不定式过去式过去分词基本意义saysaidsaid说，讲sellsoldsold卖；销售shineshoneshone发光；照耀；照射sitsatsat坐；就座sleepsleptslept睡，睡觉；睡着smellsmeltsmelt闻出；嗅；发出气味spendspentspent用（钱）；花（时间）；度过standstoodstood站立；直立；位于；经受teachtaughttaught教，教授；传授telltoldtold告诉；讲述；吩咐thinkthoughtthought想，思考，认为understandunderstoodunderstood懂；理解；领会winwonwon赢；获胜；赢得，获得buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建造feedfedfed喂养hanghunghung悬挂，吊sweepsweptswept打扫sendsentsent送，派shootshotshot射击15spitspatspat吐（痰）spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱，损坏，破坏fleefledfled逃离leadledled引导；致便；领导misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向;给…带错路meanmeantmeant意思是…②A-B-A型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义overcomeovercameovercome克服，战胜becomebecamebecome变为，成为comecamecome到来；出现runranrun跑，奔跑；③A-B-C型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义Bewas/werebeen有；存在；是；成为beginbeganbegun开始blowblewblown吹，刮；吹响breakbrokebroken打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开choosechosechosen选择，挑选，选取dodiddone做，干16drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮drivedrovedriven驾驶（车）：驱赶eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；跌落；变为flyflewflew飞；飞行；forgetforgotforgotten忘记；遗忘；忽视freezefrozefrozen（使）结冰；冷冻givegavegiven送给；授予；供给；gowentgone去；离去；行驶；通到；到达growgrewgrown变成；生长；发育；种植knowknewknown知道，懂得；了解；认识lielaylain躺；平卧；（指物）平放rideroderidden骑马、自行车等；搭乘ringrangrung（铃等）鸣响；打电话riseroserisen上升；上涨；起立seesawseen看见；察觉；领会showshowedshown/showed给……看；展出；表明shakeshookshaken颤抖singsangsung唱，唱歌speakspokespoken说话；会说（某语言）；发言stealstolestolen偷；窃取swimswamswum游水；游泳17taketooktaken拿；服用；乘坐；花费throwthrewthrown投，抛，扔，掷wakewokewoken醒，醒来，叫醒wearworeworn穿，戴writewrotewritten写，书写；写作，著述forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅hidehidhidden/hid躲，藏divedovedived跳水sinksanksunk/sunken下沉④A-A-A型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义costcostcost价值为，花费；使付出cutcutcut切；割；剪；砍；削hurthurthurt使受伤痛；刺痛；伤害letletlet允许，让putputput放，摆；装入readreadread阅读，朗诵shutshutshut关上，封闭；紧闭；合拢upsetupsetupset使人不舒服betbetbet确信，打赌hithithit击中18setsetset放置一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（3个）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sent19spend—spent—spent3．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught4．把-eep变为-ept。（3个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept5把-ell变为-old。（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt7．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt8．过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）say—said—said20pay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard9．改变元音字母。（11个）meet—met—metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost10．改变辅音字母。（1个）make—made—made11改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave（has）—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood21三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个）1i—a—u变化。（6个）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk2词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除外）3词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen224过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）break—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个）forget—forgot—forgotten6过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）do—did—donefly—flew—flown23go—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）beat—beat—beaten五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）come—came—comebecome—became—becomerun—ran—run六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。——————————————————————————————————不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。24一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同：cost／cut／hit／hurt／let／put／read／shut（细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）二、原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：beat／beat／beaten三、原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：come／came／comebecome／became／becomerun／ran／runcome，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed四、过去式，过去分词相同：(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeet／met／metfeed／fed／fed(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加tfeel／felt／feltsleep／slept／sleptkeep／kept／keptsweep／swept／swept(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加tspell／spelt／speltsmell／smelt／smeltspill／spilt／spilt(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾catch／caught／caughtteach／taught／taughtbring／brought／broughtbuy／bought／bought25think／thought／thought(5)将stand改为stoodstand／stood／stoodunderstand／understood／understood(6)将ay改为aidlay／laid／laidpay／paid／paidsay／said／said(7)将d改为tlend／lent／lentsend／sent／sentspend／spent／spentbuild／built／built(8)将i改为a,o,u等sit／sat／satspit／spat／spatwin／won／wondig／dug／dug(9)将ell改为oldtell／told／toldsell／sold／sold(10)词尾加tlearn／learnt／learntmean／meant／meantdream／dreamt／dreamtspoil／spoilt／spoilt(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的learn／learnt／learntlearn／learned／learnedshine／shone／shoneshine／shined／shined26hang／hung／hunghang／hanged／hangedsmell／smelt／smeltsmell／smelled／smelled(12)其它have（has）／had／hadhear／heard／heardshoot／shot／shotlose／lost／losthold／held／heldget／got／got（AmEgotten）find／found／foundmake／made／madeleave／left／left五、三者均不同：(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blow／blew／blownfly／flew／flowngrow／grew／grownknow／knew／knownthrow／threw／thrown值得注意的是:show／showed／shown或showeddraw／drew／drawn(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词begin／began／begundrink／drank／drunkring／rang／rungsing／sang／sungswim／swam／swumsink／sank／sunk(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drive／drove／drivenwrite／wrote／writtenrise／rose／risenride／rode／ridden27(4)原形后加n变成过去分词drive／drove／drivenrise／rose／riseneat／ate／eatenfall／fell／fallengive／gave／given(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词break／broke／brokenchoose／chose／chosenfreeze／froze／frozenmistake／mistook／mistakensteal／stole／stolenspeak／spoke／spokentake／took／takenwake／woke／woken（或woke）(6)其它be／was或were／beendo／did／doneforget／forgot／forgottengo／went／gonehide／hid／hiddensee／saw／seenwear／wore／worn六、有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。wake／woke／woken（或woke）wake／waked／wakedsink／sank／sunksink／sunk／sunken七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：shone／shone照耀shined／shined擦亮hung／hung悬挂hanged／hanged绞死八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词28lie躺卧lay／lain／lying（现在分词）lay放，下蛋laid／laid／layingfind找到、发现find／found／foundfound创建，成立found／founded／founded九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆（一）词义相对：(1)come／came／come来——go／went／gone去(2)give／gave／given给——get／got／got（AmEgotten）获得(3)sleep／slept／slept睡觉——wake／woke／woken（或woke）wake／waked／waked醒来(4)rise／rose／risen上升、上涨、升起——fall／fell／fallen下降、落下、倒下sink／sank／sunksink／sunk／sunken沉下,(使)下沉(5)buy／bought／bought买——sell／sold／sold出售,卖(6)take／took／taken带去——bring／brought／brought带来(7)teach／taught／taught教——learn／learnt／learntlearn／learned／learned学习、学会(8)lose／lost／lost丢失、失败——find／found／found找到win／won／won赢得、（获）胜(9)stand／stood／stood站、立——sit／sat／sat坐(10)send／sent／sent送、寄、发送——29get／got／got（AmEgotten）获得、收到（二）、词义相近：(1)beat／beat／beaten.打,打败win／won／won赢得、获胜(2)understand／understood／understood懂,了解know／knew／known知道,了解,认识(3)get／got／got（AmEgotten）变成、成为、变得become／became／become变成,成为,变得go／went／gone变成turn／turned／turned变成(4)spend／spent／spent花费、度过pay／paid／paid支付、交纳cost／cost／cost花费、价值为take／took／taken花费(5)say／said／said说、讲speak／spoke／spoken说、演讲tell／told／told告诉、说、吩咐、断定talk／talked／talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论①A-B-B型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本意义bendbentbent使变曲bringbroughtbrought带来；引起；产生30buyboughtbought购买；采购catchcaughtcaught接住；抓住；赶上；染上dealdealtdealt分配；分给digdugdug挖（土）；掘地feelfeltfelt触摸（某物）；感觉到fightfoughtfought搏斗；奋斗；斗争；findfoundfound发现；找到；getgotgot/gotten收到；接到；得到；成为havehadhad有；吃；喝；进行；经受hearheardheard听见；听说；得知holdheldheld拿住；抓住；抱；举行keepkeptkept留下；保留；继续laylaidlaid放置；产（卵）leaveleftleft离开；把……留下；剩下learnlearntlearnedlearntlearned学；学习；获悉；得知lendlentlent借出；借给loselostlost失去；丧失；损失makemademade做；制作；制造；使得meetmetmet遇见；碰见；相遇babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿31paypaidpaid付钱；给……报酬不定式过去式过去分词基本意义saysaidsaid说，讲sellsoldsold卖；销售shineshoneshone发光；照耀；照射sitsatsat坐；就座sleepsleptslept睡，睡觉；睡着smellsmeltsmelt闻出；嗅；发出气味spendspentspent用（钱）；花（时间）；度过standstoodstood站立；直立；位于；经受teachtaughttaught教，教授；传授telltoldtold告诉；讲述；吩咐thinkthoughtthought想，思考，认为understandunderstoodunderstood懂；理解；领会winwonwon赢；获胜；赢得，获得buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建造feedfedfed喂养hanghunghung悬挂，吊sweepsweptswept打扫sendsentsent送，派32shootshotshot射击spitspatspat吐（痰）spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱，损坏，破坏fleefledfled逃离leadledled引导；致便；领导misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向;给…带错路meanmeantmeant意思是…②A-B-A型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义overcomeovercameovercome克服，战胜becomebecamebecome变为，成为comecamecome到来；出现runranrun跑，奔跑；③A-B-C型变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义Bewas/werebeen有；存在；是；成为beginbeganbegun开始blowblewblown吹，刮；吹响breakbrokebroken打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开choosechosechosen选择，挑选，选取33dodiddone做，干drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮drivedrovedriven驾驶（车）：驱赶eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；跌落；变为flyflewflew飞；飞行；forgetforgotforgotten忘记；遗忘；忽视freezefrozefrozen（使）结冰；冷冻givegavegiven送给；授予；供给；gowentgone去；离去；行驶；通到；到达growgrewgrown变成；生长；发育；种植knowknewknown知道，懂得；了解；认识lielaylain躺；平卧；（指物）平放rideroderidden骑马、自行车等；搭乘ringrangrung（铃等）鸣响；打电话riseroserisen上升；上涨；起立seesawseen看见；察觉；领会showshowedshown/showed给……看；展出；表明shakeshookshaken颤抖singsangsung唱，唱歌speakspokespoken说话；会说（某语言）；发言stealstolestolen偷；窃取34swimswamswum游水；游泳taketooktaken拿；服用；乘坐；花费throwthrewthrown投，抛，扔，掷wakewokewoken醒，醒来，叫醒wearworeworn穿，戴writewrotewritten写，书写；写作，著述forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅hidehidhidden/hid躲，藏divedovedived跳水sinksanksunk/sunken下沉④A-A-A变化不定式过去式过去分词基本含义costcostcost价值为，花费；使付出cutcutcut切；割；剪；砍；削hurthurthurt使受伤痛；刺痛；伤害letletlet允许，让putputput放，摆；装入readreadread阅读，朗诵shutshutshut关上，封闭；紧闭；合拢upsetupsetupset使人不舒服betbetbet确信，打赌35hithithit击中setsetset放置