上海市宝山区2019届高三英语二模试题含解析

上海市宝山区2019届高三英语二模 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 （含解析）Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularyDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Curiosityispartofhumannature.Childrenarefamousforwantinganswers____1____tonsofquestions.Peoplekeepreadingorwatching____2____theywanttofindoutwhathappens.Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits.Learningiseasiestifyouhaveagenuinedesireforknowledge.Curiositycancreatethatdesirewhenyouhaveaquestion.Manyofhistorygreatestdiscoveries____3____（make）bycuriouspeople.Peoplewondered____4____processesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively.Thankstotheircuriosity,peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnology____5____（help）them.Evenifyoudon'tplantobeaninventorofresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classeswillbecomemorefun.Andyou'llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning.Evenifyou'renolongerastudent,curiositywillmakeyoubetter____6____（inform）andthusamorecapableworker.Whatdoyoudoifyou'renotalreadycurious?Fortunately,curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved.Ifyouactlikeyou'recurious,you'llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious.Often,themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthe____7____（interesting）itbecomes.Asyoulearnaboutatopic,gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible.Readavarietyofbooks,watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions.Don'talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource.Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinions____8____theyexpress.Askalotofquestions,Remember,everyoneknows____9____thatyoudon't.Find-1-outwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge.Intheclassroomoroutofit,____10____（develop）curiosityissuretobeworthwhile.【 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】1.to2.because3.weremade4.how5.tohelp6.informed7.moreinteresting8.that/which9.something10.developing【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心的作用以及如何培养好奇心。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：孩子们以想要得到无数问题的答案而闻名。名词answer和介词to搭配，表示“……的答案”，是固定搭配。故该空填to。【2题详解】考查连词。因为人们想弄清楚发生了什么事，所以他们不断地读书或看电视。该空引导原因状语从句，故填连词because。【3题详解】考查语态，时态和主谓一致。该空在句中作谓语，根据makediscoveries结构，主语discoveries和make之间是被动关系，故该句应用被动语态。根据下句中的“wondered”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应该用一般过去时态。主语为复数discoveries，根据主谓一致原则，该空应填weremade。【4题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：人们想知道过程是如何起作用的，或者某些任务是如何更有效地完成的。该空引导wonder的宾语从句，且根据句意，该空表示“如何”，故应用how引导该从句，故填how。【5题详解】-2-考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他们的好奇心，人们现在对这个世界了解得更多了，并且有了有用的技术来分析他们。____5____（help）them作定语，修饰usefultechnology.havesth.后面常接动词不定式作定语，故填tohelp。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。即使你不再是一名学生，好奇心也会让你更好地了解情况，从而成为一名更有能力的工作人员。该题考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，inform意为“通知，告知”，宾语you和inform之间是被动关系，故该空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填informed。informed还可以看作是形容词，意为“了解情况的”。【7题详解】考查形容词比较级。该题考查“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，该空作系动词become的表语，故应用形容词的比较级，故填moreinteresting。【8题详解】考查定语从句。“_____theyexpress”是定语从句，修饰thedifferentopinions，引导词在从句中作express的宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。【9题详解】考查不定代词。句意：记住，每个人都知道一些你不知道的东西。该空作know的宾语，且表示“某些东西”，故应填不定代词something。【10题详解】考查动名词。“_____curiosity”是主语，作主语，一般用动名词，故填developing。SectionBDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Whenwasthelasttimethatyoudialedaphonenumberfrommemory?Itprobablydependsonhowlongyou'vebeenusing____11____likeacellphone.Whilesome-3-generationscanrecallthedaysofmemorizingphonenumbers,it'spossiblethatmembersofGenerationZhaveneverhadtorememberasingle____12____.Whyisthis?Becausesmartphonesofferquickandconvenientwaysforstoringand____13____information.Thereisnoneedtomemorizeanything.Butthisisn'twithoutconsequence.Asdigitaldevicesdevelop,moreandmoreusers'heavyrelianceonthemmaybehavingdisablingeffects.“Digitaldementia（失智）”isthetermbeingusedbymedicalprofessionalstoidentifysomeoftheseeffects.SomeprofessionalslikeJimKwik,anexpertinmemoryimprovementandoptimalbrainperformance,aretakingacloserlookatthiseffect.Kwikdescribesdigitaldementialikethis:“we're____14____ourbrainstooursmartdevices.We'resoreliantonoursmartphonesthatoursmartphonesaremakingusstupid.Asmedicalstudieschartthedeclineinmemoryandcognitiveskillsamongsmartphoneusers,aconnectionismadebetweensymptoms____15____withdementia.”Theseriousnessofoverusebecomes____16____whenyouconsiderjusthowyoungsmartphoneusersarebecoming.AuthorandspeakerSimonSinekpointsoutthatyoungminds“Arenotreadyforit!Theirmindscannotcopewiththedopamine（多巴胺）.”Consequently,theoverstimulationofscreensandsoundsleadto____17____moreoftenthannot.Sonowparents,teachersandmanagersareaskinghowtohandletheinflux（汇集）ofyoungpeoplewiththiskindofaddiction.First,monitoryourcellphoneuse.KeepdownloadingapplicationslikeForestorChecky.Thencutbackonany____18____usage.Setaspecificgoalofhowmuchyouthinkyoushoulduseyourphone.Determine____19____areasforcellphoneuse.Forexample,whileyou'reathome,onlyallowyourselftocheckyourphonesomewherelikeahomeoffice.Thisway,thetimeinbetweentasksisn't____20____filledwithstaringatyourscreen.【答案】11.D12.F13.A14.K15.I16.C17.H18.B19.E20.J-4-【解析】这是一篇说明文。现代人过度地依赖手机，这种做法会产生一些坏的影响，例如：失智。文章对这种影响的背后原因进行了分析，并且提出了一些建议，帮助人们克服手机上瘾这种现象。【11题详解】句意：这可能取决于你使用了多长时间科技，比如手机。后面的likeacellphone是对该空的一个举例，根据常识知道，acellphone属于科技，故D选项正确。的题详解】【12代的成员可能从来没有特别去记一z句意：虽然有几代人可以回忆起记电话号码的日子，但F。“尤其地，特别地”，故选个电话号码。根据句意，该空应填particularly，意为13题详解】【并列，结合句意：因为智能手机提供了快速方便的存储和评估信息的方法。该空和storingA选项正确。评估”。故句意，应填assessing，assess意为“14题详解】【，contributing句意：我们正在为我们的智能设备贡献我们的大脑。结合句意，该空应填。”，故选Kcontribute意为“贡献题详解】【15句意：当医学研究显示智能手机使用者的记忆力和认知能力下降时，与痴呆症相关的症状之的定语，symptoms”，该空作意为“与……相关间就产生了某种联系。beassociatedwithI选项正确。，故填associated16题详解】【句意：当你考虑到智能手机用户是多么年轻的时候，过度使用的严重性就变得显而易见了。选项正确。C明显的”，故根据句意，该空应填apparent，意为“题详解】【17上“，意为因此，句意：屏幕和声音的过度刺激往往导致成瘾。根据句意，该空应填addictionH选项正确。瘾，成瘾”，题详解】18【可知，该处应”句意：削减没有必要的使用。根据该段标题“monitoryourcellphoneuse选项正确。”，B没有必要的，意为该指减少手机的使用，故应填nonessential“题详解】【19-5-句意：确定指定区域使用手机。根据后面的forexample…somewherelikeahomeoffice可知，作者建议要在特定区域使用手机。故填assigned，意为“分配的，指定的”。E选项正确。【20题详解】句意：用这种方式，盯着屏幕这种做法就不会自动地填满两项任务之间的时间。即：你不会在两项任务之间自动地去看手机。故该空应填automatically，意为“自动地，无意识地”。J选项正确。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Serendipity-anunexpecteddelight–isthewordthatcomestomindwhendescribingtheseven-dayhikemywifeandIrecentlydidinthewildandundevelopednorthwestcoastofGalicia,Spain.Simply____21____,anyonewhoisadventurous,lovestravelingtoEuropeandisfitenoughtodo10-milehikesshouldseriouslyconsiderdoingthishike.Beforethisexperience,IhadneverheardaboutOnFootHolidaysprogramsthatallowhikerstogoattheirownpace,withmapsanddetailedhiking____22____,butwithoutaguideorothertravelers,whilestillenjoyingahighleveloflocalsupport.What____23____caughtmyattentionwasanannouncementaboutOnFootHolidays'newesthike,theLighthouseWay,whichtheydescribedasajourneyalong“thelast____24____coastofEurope.”Thisparticularhikesoundedbothchallengingandrewardingenoughto____25____atry.OnFootHolidaysbookedourlodgingeachnightand____26____ataxitotakeourbaggagetothenextdestination,sowejusthadtocarryourdaypackessentials.Eachdaywe____27____orspokewiththecompany'slocalexpertwhowasavailable____28____emergency,butwhosemainfunctionwastokeepusinformedaboutthedailyweatherforecastandtomakespecialtaxiarrangementswhenwedecidedto____29____-6-acoupleof14-milehikestolessthan10miles.The____30____ofthetrailsandscenerymadeeveryhikeadelight.Oneofourhikesfollowedanarrowtrailalongasteep,rockycliff____31____thesteel-bluewatersoftheAtlanticOceanthatthrashagainstjaggedrockshundredsoffeetbelowus.Westoppedtopicnicandwatchtheonlylivingthingswesawthatwholeday:aherdofgoatsaboveus,andagroupofdolphinsjumpinginthewavesbelow.Inthedistance,manyofmountainpeaks____32____sparklingwindturbines（涡轮机）likecandlesonacake.Silenceandlonelinesswerethefeaturesofeachday'saccommodation.Theonlysoundsweheardwerebirdssinging,thewindblowingthroughtreesorthewavesbreakingagainsttheshoreline.Theairwascleanandthetemperaturebrisk,withfrequent____33____ofcloudy,cool,windyandrainyweatherinterspersed（点缀）withgloriousburstsofsunshine.Therewasremarkablylittlelitter,theexceptionbeingspotsalongtheshorewhereoceancurrents____34____mostlyfishingitems.MywifeandIrealizedthatwearepilgrimssearchingformeaning,awarenessandjoyonourjourneythroughlife,andourGalicianhiking____35____hadmovedusfurtherdownthatpathinwayswewon'tforget.21.A.lostB.movedC.urgedD.putD.C.devicesB.instructions22.A.stringsmaterialsD.firmlyB.gradually23.A.initiallyC.smoothlyD.24.A.recommendedC.unspoiledB.developeddiscoveredD.evaluateB.provide25.A.warrantC.imaginetoturnedD.B.arrangedfor26.A.preparedforC.paidforD.textedB.discussed27.A.negotiatedC.contacted28.A.inadditiontoinD.favourB.inneedofC.incaseofof29.A.shortenB.extendC.decreaseD.expand-7-30.A.appearanceB.varietyC.characterD.routeD.C.following31.A.displayingB.reflectingoverlookingB.lightenedC.sported32.A.establishedD.structuredB.intervalsC.adaptionsD.33.A.changesinteractionsB.withdrawnC.floated34.A.stretchedD.depositedB.technique35.A.experienceC.investigationD.experiment【答案】21.B22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者和妻子参加OnFootHolidays举行的最新的徒步旅行活动：theLighthouseWay。作者在文中叙述了这次徒步旅行活动的所见所闻和感受。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。lose失去；move感动，打动；urge敦促，力劝；put放。仅仅是被（这个活动）打动，任何一个喜欢冒险，想要到欧洲旅行，足够健康可以进行10英里的徒步旅行的人都应该认真考虑去进行这次徒步旅行活动。B选项正确。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。string绳，线；instruction指示，命令；device装置，设备；material材料。该空和maps并列，且前面有detailed（详细的）修饰。该空和“地图”都是对徒步旅行有帮助的东西，故B选项切题。instructions意为“用法说明， 指南 验证指南下载验证指南下载验证指南下载星度指南下载审查指南PDF ”。OnFootHolidays允许远足者以自己的速度前进，可以带着地图和详细的徒步旅行指南，但是没有导游和其他游客陪同。B选项正确。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。initially最初地；gradually逐渐地；smoothly顺利地；firmly坚定地。最初吸引作者注意力的是关于OnFootHolidays最新的徒步旅行活动“theLighthouse-8-Way”的一个通知。A选项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。recommended被推荐的；developed发达的；unspoiled（地方）未经开发的，有自然美的；discovered被发现的。“theLighthouseWay”是最新的远足活动，在 宣传 免费孕前优生健康检查孕期保健知识宣传1冬季预防流感知识宣传手足口病防知识宣传森林防火宣传内容 的时候，肯定要朝着好的，有特色的方面宣传。既然是徒步旅行活动，那么应该是沿着“欧洲最后一个未经开发的海岸”前行。C选项正确。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。warrant使显得必要(或正当)；provide提供；imagine想象；evaluate评价，评估。这个远足活动听起来非常有挑战性，有必要进行尝试。A选项正确。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。preparefor为……准备；arrangefor安排；payfor支付……的费用；turnto向……求助。根据该段最后中的“andtomakespecialtaxiarrangements”可知，OnFootHolidays每天安排出租车将作者他们的行李带到下一个目的地。B选项正确。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。negotiate谈判，协商；discuss讨论；contact和……联系；text发短信。该空和后面的spoke都是表示和“公司的当地专家”沟通交流的方式，我们给当地的专家发短信和他交谈，他的主要作用是让我们了解每天的天气预报等其他情况。D选项正确。【28题详解】考查短语辨析。inadditionto除……之外还有……；inneedof需要……；incaseof以防，万一；infavourof支持，赞成。万一发生了紧急事件，我们可以和当地的专家联系。C选项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。shorten缩短；extend延伸；decrease减少；expand扩大，扩展。根据后面的“14-milehikestolessthan10miles”可知，14英里的形成缩短为不到10英里。故A选项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。appearance出现；variety种类，多样性；character特点；route路线。根据下文的叙述可知，作者和妻子在徒步旅行的过程中，看到了不同的景色，经历了不同的小路。故B选项正确。【31题详解】-9-考查动词词义辨析。display展示；reflect反射；follow跟随；overlook俯瞰，忽视。悬崖下面是大海，即：悬崖俯瞰着大海。故D选项正确。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。establish建立；lighten（使）发亮；sport引人注目地穿戴，炫耀；structure构成，排列。该句是一个拟人化的说法，字面意思是：山峰“引人注目地穿戴”着闪闪发光的涡轮机。即：远处，许多山峰的风力涡轮机闪闪发光，就像蛋糕上的蜡烛。C选项正确。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。change改变；interval间隔，中间休息；adaption适应，改编；interaction相互交流。空气清新，温度宜人，多云、凉爽、多风、多雨的天气间隔频繁，伴随着灿烂的阳光。B选项正确。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。stretch伸展；withdraw撤退；float漂浮；deposit使沉淀，使沉积。垃圾少得惊人，只有海岸沿岸的一些地方例外，那里的洋流沉积了大部分的捕鱼物品。D选项正确。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。experience经历；technique技术；investigation调查；experiment实验。我妻子和我意识到，我们是朝圣者，在人生旅途中寻找意义、觉知和快乐，而我们的加利西亚远足经历以我们永远不会忘记的方式将我们进一步推向了这条道路。A选项正确。【点睛】完形填空之原词复现：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。例如第六小题所填的arrange和下文中的“arrangement”则属于该类型。SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Manypeopleprefereatingoutinsteadofcookingathome.Achangeappearsto-10-betakingplace,though,andmillennialsareleadingtheway.Accordingtoonesurvey,moreyoungpeoplearestartingtocookathomeforthreebasicreasons:Theycansavemoney,eathealthyandwastelessfood.PopularTVchefsarealsogettingmillennialsexcitedaboutlearningsomebasiccookingskills.Manymillennialsviewcookingasaformofentertainmentandself-expression.TheyproudlypostpicturesoftheircookingcreationsonFacebookorInstagram,andinvitefriendsovertosharethecookingexperience.Manymillennialshavealsofoundwaystoavoidwastingfood.Afterroastingachicken,theyputtheleftoverbonesintheirfreezerinsteadofthegarbagecan.Later,theyusethebonestomakechickenstockwhichisanimportantingredientinmanydishes.Theyalsohatethrowingoutfruitthat'stooold.Toavoidthatsituation,theybakeripefruitlikeberriesandbananasfor15minutesat175degreesC.Thentheyfreezeitovernight.Afterthat,theyplacethefruitinplasticbagsandstoreittheirfreezerforlateruse.Nowanymillennialsonlyeatatrestaurantsthathaveexcellentfood-wastepolicies.Theseservantsuseeverypartofthevegetablestheybuy,includingtheirstemsandroots,indishes.Theyalsousebeef,chickenandporkbonestomaketheirownstock.Millennialsalsoreducefoodwastebyonlybuyingwhattheyrequire.Beforegoingtoamarket,theywritedownwhattheyneedanddon'tbuyanythingelse.Theywaytheywon'tpurchasemorefoodthantheycanconsume.36.Whatisthemainsubjectofthisarticle?A.Acookingtrendthathasattractedmillennials.B.Aplanthatmillennialshavefordonatingfood.C.Anovelcookingtechniquethatmillennialslike.D.Afoodproductionsystemfavoredbymillennials.37.Whatdomillennialswithfruitbeforefreezingit?A.Mixitwithotheringredientsinabowl.B.Carefullyremovetheskinandseedsfromit.-11-C.Useasharpknifetochopitupintopieces.D.Putitinanovenatthepropertemperature.38.Accordingtothisarticle,whendomillennialsmakecarefulchoices?A.WhentheydineouttogetherB.WheytheyvoteforcandidatesC.WhentheychooseanemployerD.Whentheyplantanewgarden39.Accordingtothisarticle,howdomillennialsavoidpurchasingtoomuchfood?A.Theyselectsmallcansandpackages.B.Theyprepareapracticalshoppinglist.C.Theyleavetheircreditcardsathome.D.Theyweighproducebeforebuyingit.【答案】36.A37.D38.A39.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章叙述了千禧一代引领的一个新潮流：在家烹饪。文章分析了这种潮流背后的原因。【36题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段就是中心段。根据第一段中的“Manypeopleprefereatingoutinsteadofcookingathome.Achangeappearstobetakingplace,though,andmillennialsareleadingtheway.Accordingtoonesurvey,moreyoungpeoplearestartingtocookathomeforthreebasicreasons:Theycansavemoney,eathealthyandwastelessfood.”可知，许多人宁愿出去吃饭，也不愿在家做饭。然而，一个变化似乎正在发生，而千禧一代正在引领这种变化。根据一项调查，越来越多的年轻人开始在家做饭是因为三个基本原因：他们可以省钱、吃健康和少浪费食物。由第二段开始，文章对千禧一代选择在家里自己做饭吃的原因进行了具体的分析和介绍。因此，整篇文章主要介绍的是千禧一代引领的一个新潮流：在家自己做饭吃。故A选项正确。37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“theybakeripefruitlikeberriesandbananasfor15minutesat175degreesC.Thentheyfreezeitovernight.”可知，千禧一代冷冻水果-12-之前，会将其放在175摄氏度的环境下15分钟。故D选项切题：在适当的温度下将水果放在烤箱里。【38题详解】推理判断题。文章主要叙述的是千禧一代为了饮食健康，节省钱，避免浪费食物选择在家里自己做饭，而不是到外面吃饭。由此可知，当涉及到到外面吃饭的时候，他们会认真选择的。故A选项正确。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Millennialsalsoreducefoodwastebyonlybuyingwhattheyrequire.Beforegoingtoamarket,theywritedownwhattheyneedanddon'tbuyanythingelse.Theywaytheywon'tpurchasemorefoodthantheycanconsume.”可知，千禧一代也通过仅仅购买他们所需的东西来减少食物浪费。在去市场之前，他们会写下他们需要的东西，而不买任何别的东西。他们不会购买比他们能吃的更多的食物。故B选项切题。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。例如在第一小题中，考生通过通读全文后，很快就能明确第一段中的“Achangeappearstobetakingplace,though,andmillennialsareleadingtheway.Accordingtoonesurvey,moreyoungpeoplearestartingtocookathomeforthreebasicreasons:Theycansavemoney,eathealthyandwastelessfood”是整篇文章的中心，根据该处就可以判断出文章的主旨大意。（B）Familiesshouldreduceexposuretosyntheticchemicalsfoundinfoodcolorings,preservativesandpackagingmaterialsasagrowingbodyofresearchshowstheymayharmchildren'shealth,accordingtoapolicystatementandtechnicalreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediastricsreleasedonline.-13-system,additivesregulatoryimprovementstothefoodsuggestsThestatementalsoAdministrationsandDrugoftheU.S.Foodincludingupdatingthescientificfoundationsafetyassessmentretestingallpreviouslyapprovedchemicals.theseaboutmoretotellusTrasande,theauthorofthepolicystatement,Leonardconcerns.Q:Whatarethegrowingnumberofstudiesshowingus?accumulatingbodyofsciencesuggestssomefoodpasttwodecades,anA:Overtheshormones,growthanddevelopment.'additivescaninterferewithachildchildrenforspecialconcernadditiveseffectsoffoodareofPotentiallyharmfulmoreanddrinktheychemicalexposuresbecauseeattheybecausearemoresensitivetoearlyAnandstillgrowingdeveloping.weight,tobodythanadultsdoandarerelativeinjurytotheirorgansystemscanhavelifelongandpermanentconsequences.Q:Whatadditivesdoesthestatementhighlight?thecitedinA:Theadditivesofmostconcern,basedonrisingresearchevidencereport,include:Bisphenols,suchasBPA,usedtohardenplasticcontainersandlinemetalcans,inthebodywhichmaypotentiallychangethetiming（雌激素）canactlikeestrogenofpuberty,decreasefertility,increasebodyfatandaffectthenervousandimmunesystems.BPAisnowbannedinbabybottles.productionfoodusedinindustrialtubesmakePhthalates,whichplasticandvinylflexible,mayaffectmalegenitaldevelopmentincreasechildhoodobesityandCommissionSafetytheConsumerProduct2017,disease.tocontributecardiovascularInbannedtheuseorsomephthalatesinchild-careproductssuchasteethingrings.sreport,peopleshould___to'40.AccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofPediatric-14-copewiththeproblemoffoodadditives.A.trytoavoidfoodadditivesindailylifeandreviserelevantrulesonfoodadditivesB.updatethefoodsafetyassessmentprogramandchecktheapprovedchemicalsagainC.improvethefoodadditivesregulatorysystemandretestallapprovedchemicalsD.reducetheusageoffoodadditivesandestablishnewfoodprotectionsystem41.LeonardoTrasandeholdstheviewthatfoodadditivesdomoreharmtochildrenthanadultsbecausestudyshows___.A.childrenaremoresensitivetowhattheyeatanddrinkthanadultsB.childrenusuallyeatanddrinkmoreunhealthyfoodthanadultsC.childrenarejusttooyoungandweaktoprotectthemselvesD.children'sorgansareeasiertobedamagedandhardtorecover42.Howmanyspecifickindsofharmfuleffectcausedbytheadditivesarementionedinthepassage?A.2B.7D.3C.840.A41.D42.B【答案】【解析】这是一篇介绍说明类的文章。研究表明：食品添加剂对儿童健康有巨大的危害。研究建议家庭应该减少接触食品色素，还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。题详解】【40Familiesshouldreduceexposuretosynthetic“细节理解题。根据第一和第二段中chemicalsfoundinfoodcolorings,preservativesandpackagingmaterials…according的toapolicystatementandtechnicalreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediastricsreleasedonline.Thestatementalsosuggestsimprovementstothefoodadditives可知，美国儿科上发布的一份政策声明和技术 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 显示，越来越多的研regulatorysystem”声明还建议究表明，家庭应该减少接触食品色素、防腐剂和包装材料中的合成化学物质……选项正确：尽量避免日常生活中的食品添加剂，修A改进食品添加剂监管体系。故结合选项，。改食品添加剂的相关规定。故选A41【题详解】specialofadditivesofharmful“细节理解题。根据文中的Potentiallyeffectsfoodare-15-concernforchildrenbecausetheyaremoresensitivetochemicalexposures…Anearlyinjurytotheirorgansystemscanhavelifelongandpermanentconsequences.”可知，食品添加剂的潜在有害影响是我们尤其要特别关注的儿童问题，因为他们对化学品接触更加敏感。早期损伤他们的器官系统可能会带来终身和永久的后果。也就是说，儿童器官容易受损，不易恢复。故D选项正确。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据最后两段中的“Bisphenols,suchasBPA…whichmaypotentiallychangethetimingofpuberty,decreasefertility,increasebodyfatandaffectthenervousandimmunesystems…Phthalates…mayaffectmalegenitaldevelopmentincreasechildhoodobesityandcontributetocardiovasculardisease.”可知，双酚类化合物，如双酚A……这可能会改变青春期的时间，降低生育能力，增加身体脂肪，并影响神经系统和免疫系统。邻苯二甲酸酯……可能影响男性生殖器官的发育，增加儿童肥胖，并导致心血管疾病。很明显，一共提到7种有害影响。故B选项正确。（C）Thekoalaisanunusualcreature.NativetoAustraliaandabitbiggerthanarabbit,itspendsmostofitstimeineucalyptustrees（桉树），feedingonleavesthatarepoisonoustonearlyeveryotheranimalontheplanet.Thekoalasleepsabout22hoursadayandspendstheremainderofitstimeeatingandresting.Itmightspend10minutesadaymoving,expertssay,usuallyfromonetreetoanother.Ithasasoftpadattheendofitsspineandextrathickfuronitsrearendtomaketheeffort,ofsittingmorecomfortable.-16-ThreatsandprotectivemeasuresTheuniquelifestyleofthekoalahashelpeditprosper,buttodaythecuteandiconiccreatureisfacingthreatsfromhabitatloss,diseaseandachangingclimate.Koalapopulationsareexpectedtodeclineby50percentinthenext20yearsaccordingtotheAustralianMuseum.Tohelpprotecttheseanimals,whichbringinanestimated$1.1billiontoAustraliaeachyearthroughkoala-relatedtourism,aninternationalteamofresearchershaspublishedthefirstcompletegenome（基因组）ofthekoala.Theirhopeisthatthekeystothemarsupial's（有袋动物）long-termsurvivalmightbeplantedinitsgeneticcode.“Theultimategoalisthatwewon'thaveto…rescuethemfromtheedgeofextinction,”saidRebeccaJohnsonoftheAustralianMuseumResearchInstituteinSydney,wholedthework.“Nowwehaveareallygoodunderstandingofthekoalagenome,andweareinafantasticpositiontousethatknowledgetohelpusmanagethem.”EarlyfindingsAnelementaryanalysisofthekoala'sgenome,publishedinNatureGenetics,hasalreadyyieldedsomeinterestingfindings.Forexample,theauthorsfoundthat,comparedtoothermammals