白皮书-XXXX中国的人力资源状况

况HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/node_7107819.htm"中国的人力资源状况　　　　　目　录HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603119.htm"前言HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603108.htm"一、中国人力资源的基本状况HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603103.htm"二、人力资源开发的法律体系HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603101.htm"三、履行政府公共管理服务职责HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603095.htm"四、发挥市场配置的基础性作用HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603090.htm"五、加强对劳动者权益的保护HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603080.htm"六、积极开展国际交流与合作HYPERLINK"http://www.china.com.cn/ch-book/2010-12/23/content_21603070.htm"结束语中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室二○一○年九月北京HYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/node_7100569.htm"China'sHumanResourcesContentsHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906160.htm"ForewordHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906151.htm"I.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResourcesHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906140.htm"II.LegalSystemforHumanResourcesDevelopmentHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906126.htm"III.TheGovernmentShouldersHumanResourcesPublicManagementandPublicServiceResponsibilityHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906115.htm"IV.BringingintoPlaytheFundamentalRoleofMarketAllocationHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906104.htm"V.StrengtheningtheProtectionoftheLegitimateRightsandInterestsofWorkersHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906091.htm"VI.ActivelyDevelopingInternationalExchangesandCooperationHYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906078.htm"conclusionInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaSept.10,2010前言中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家，13亿人口中蕴涵着极其丰富的人力资源。积极开发人力资源，充分发挥每个人的潜能和价值，促进人的全面发展，为国家现代化建设提供强大的人力和智力支撑，实现由人力资源大国向人力资源强国的转变，是中国政府始终面临的重大课 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 和不懈推进的重大事业。ForewordChinaisadevelopingcountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.Its1.3billionpeopleareavastreservoirofhumanresources.Activelydevelopinghumanresources,bringingintofullplaythepo-tentialabilityandvalueofeachindividualandpromotingthepeople'sall-rounddevelopmentsoastoprovidepowerfullaborandintellectualsupportforChina'smodernizationdriveandtorealizeitstransformationfromacountryrichinhumanresourcestoonewithpowerfulhumanresources,isasignificantaimtheChinesegovernmenthasbeencher-ishingandamajorundertakingithasbeenunremittinglyadvancing新中国成立后特别是20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，中国政府坚持以人为本的理念，积极贯彻“尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造”的方针，制定了一系列解决就业问题和发展教育、科技、文化、卫生、社会保障事业的政策措施，努力为实现人的全面发展创造良好的环境和条件。当前，中国就业形势保持总体稳定，国民受教育程度和健康水平显著提高，一大批国家建设急需的各类人才脱颖而出，为推动中国经济社会各项事业发展发挥了重要作用。SincethefoundingofNewChinain1949,andespeciallysincethereformandopening-uppolicieswereintroducedinthelate1970s,theChinesegovernment,upholdingtheideaofputtingpeoplefirst,hasac-tivelyimplementedtheprincipleofrespectinglabor,knowledge,talentandcreativity,andhasadoptedaseriesofpoliciesandmeasurestoboostemploymentanddevelopeducation,scienceandtechnology,culture,publichealthandsocialsecurity,strivingtocreateafavorableenvironmentandconditionsforthepeople'sall-rounddevelopment.Currently,China'semploymentsituationisstableonthewhole;thepeople'seducationandhealthlevelshavebeenremarkablyimproved;andagalaxyoftalentedpeopleinvariousfieldsurgentlyneededbynationalconstructionhasappeared.Theyareplayinganimportantroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofalleconomicandsocialundertakings.按照建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求，为推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，中国政府注重发挥市场配置人力资源的基础性作用，大力推进经济、科技、教育等体制改革，不断深化干部人事 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 改革，实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和积极的就业政策，建立和完善人力资源培养、吸引、使用和保障机制，加快人力资源法制建设，走出了一条适合中国国情的人力资源开发道路。Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthesocialistmarketecon-omysystem,andtopromotesustainabledevelopmentandsocialhar-mony,theChinesegovernmentpaysattentiontothefundamentalfunc-tionofthemarketindeployinghumanresources,whilevigorouslypromotinginstitutionalreformsinthefieldsofeconomy,science,technologyandeducation,constantlydeepeningthereformofthecad-rerelatedsystem,andpursuingthestrategyofrejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceandeducationandthatofstrengtheningthenationwithtrainedpersonnel,andaproactiveemploymentpolicy.Ithasalsoestablishedandimprovedthehumanresourcesdevelopmentmecha-nismtotrain,attract,useandsupporttalentedpeople,andacceleratedhumanresourceslegalconstruction,therebyopeningupahumanre-sourcesdevelopmentpathconformingtoChina'snationalconditions.中国人力资源的基本状况HYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906151.htm"I.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResources人口众多、劳动力资源丰富是中国的基本国情。多年来，中国政府采取积极有效的政策措施，大力加强人力资源的开发利用，使中国的人力资源状况发生了显著变化。人力资源规模不断扩大。截至2009年底，中国总人口达到133474万人（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省），其中，劳动力资源106969万人，比2000年增加11267万人；就业人员77995万人，其中，城镇就业人员31120万人，分别比2000年增加5910万人和7969万人。I.TheBasicSituationofChina'sHumanResourcesAlargepopulationandrichhumanresourcesconstitutethebasicnationalsituationofChina.Foryears,theChinesegovernmenthaspursuedproactiveandeffectivepoliciesandmeasurestoenhancethedevelopmentandutilizationofhumanresources,bringingaboutre-markablechangesinthisfield.Humanresourcesgrowinginscale.Bytheendof2009China'stotalpopulationhadreached1.33474billion(excludingthatoftheHongKongandMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsandTaiwanProvince),whichcontainsalaborforceof1.06969billionpersons,112.67millionmorethanin2000;thenumberofemployeeshadreached779.95million,ofwhom311.2millionwereurbanemployees,increasesof59.1millionand79.69million,respectively,comparedwiththeyear2000.Chart1ChangesinLaborForce(2000-2009)(Unit:10,000people) Chart2ChangesintheNumberofEmployeesinUrbanandRuralAreas(2000-2009)(Unit:10,000people)国民受教育水平明显提高。中国实行教育优先的发展战略，建成了比较完善的现代国民教育体系。2000年实现了基本普及九年制义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的目标。高中阶段教育普及率大幅提升，职业教育得到重点加强，高等教育进入大众化阶段。2009年，全国普通高中在校生2434.28万人，各类中等职业教育在校生2195.16万人；普通高等教育本专科在校生2144.66万人，在学研究生140.49万人。教育事业的发展，使就业人员的受教育水平显著提高。截至2009年底，全国15岁以上人口平均受教育年限接近8.9年；主要劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限为9.5年，其中受过高等教育的比例为9.9%；新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到12.4年。Remarkableimprovementofeducation.Chinagivesprioritytoeducationinitsdevelopmentstrategy,andhasestablishedacom-parativelycompletenationalmoderneducationalsystem.In2000Nine-YearCompulsoryEducationwasmadeuniversalthroughoutthecountry,andilliteracyamongpeoplebetweentheagesof20and50wasbasicallyeliminated.Thenumberofteenagersattendingseniormiddleschoolhasincreasedgreatly;vocationaleducationhasbeenespeciallyenhanced;andhighereducationisbecomingmorepopular.In2009thetotalnumberofseniormiddleschoolstudentsinChinaamountedto24.3428million;studentsatvarioussecondaryvocationalschoolsnumbered21.9516million;undergraduatesstudyingatallsortsofuniversitiesandcollegesnumbered21.4466millionandpostgradu-atestudents1.4049million.Thedevelopmentofnationaleducationhasremarkablyraisedemployees'educationallevel.Bytheendof2009,theaverageschoolingofpeopleabove15yearsoldhadreachednearly8.9years,whilethatofthemajorityoftheworkingpopulationwas9.5years,ofwhich9.9%hadreceivedhighereducation.Theaverageedu-cationtimeofnewlyincreasedlaborforceamountedto12.4years.就业人员产业布局日趋优化。随着中国经济发展和产业结构调整，第一产业就业人员比例大幅下降，第三产业就业人员比例有较大提高。2009年，第一、二、三产业就业人员的比例由2000年的50.0:22.5:27.5改变为38.1:27.8:34.1。Optimizedemploymentstructure.WithChina'seconomicde-velopmentandindustrialstructureadjustment,theproportionofthoseemployedinprimaryindustryhasdroppedsignificantlywhilethatintertiaryindustryhasrisengreatly.In2009theproportionofemploy-mentinprimary,secondaryandtertiaryindustrieschangedto38.1%,27.8%,and34.1%from50%,22.5%and27.5%,respectivelyin2000.Chart3ChangesintheNumberofUniversityandCollegeGraduates(2001-2009)(Unit:10,000people)Chart4ChangesintheEmploymentStructureofPrimary,SecondaryandTertiaryIndustries(2000-2009) 人才资源开发取得积极进展。人才是指具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会作出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。中国政府制定和实施一系列重大方针政策，统筹推进党政人才、企业经营管理人才、专业技术人才、高技能人才、农村实用人才和社会工作人才等各类人才队伍建设。经过多年努力，人才资源总量不断增加，人才素质明显提高，人才结构进一步优化，人才使用效能逐渐提高。截至2008年底，全国人才资源总量达到1.14亿人。Goodprogressintalentdevelopment.Peoplehavingprofessionalknowledgeorspecialskillswhocon-tributetosocietythroughcreativeworkarehighlyregardedinChina.Theyareahigh-abilityandhigh-qualitylaborforceamonghumanre-sources.TheChinesegovernmenthasdrawnupandimplementedase-riesofmajorprinciplesandpoliciestoadvancethebuildingofcontingentsofpeopleofallkindsforthePartyandgovernment,enter-priseoperationandmanagement,professionaltechniques,hightech-nology,ruralaffairsandsocialworkinanall-roundway.Throughyearsofefforts,thenumberoftalentedpeoplehasmaintainedastableincrease,withimprovedquality,optimizedstructureandgraduallyris-ingutilizationefficiency.Bytheendof2008thetotalnumberofsuchpeopleinChinahadreached114million.收入、卫生、社会保障等人力资源发展的保障条件逐步改善。随着社会经济持续快速发展，城乡居民收入实现了稳步增长。城镇居民人均可支配收入，由1949年的不足100元人民币提高到2008年的15781元人民币；农村居民人均纯收入由1949年的44元人民币提高到2008年的4761元人民币。国家大力开展公共卫生体系建设，为国民健康水平的提高提供保障，截至2009年底，全国共有卫生机构28.9万个、卫生技术人员522万人、医院和卫生院床位396万张。近年来，中国政府大力推动社会保障制度建设，加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，努力实现人人享有基本生活保障。2009年，城镇基本养老保险参保人数达23550万人；城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗保险参保人数合计超过12亿人；失业、工伤和生育保险参保人数分别达到12715万人、14896万人和10876万人。中国实行最低生活保障制度，截至2009年底，有2347.7万城镇居民和4759.3万农村居民享受了政府最低生活保障。国家在全国范围内实施有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，2009年农村贫困人口减少为3597万人，贫困发生率为3.6%。Gradualimprovementofincome,healthcareandsocialse-curityasguaranteesforhumanresourcesdevelopment.Withthecountry'ssustainedandrapidsocioeconomicdevelop-ment,theincomeofurbanandruralresidentshasmaintainedastablegrowth.TheaveragedisposableincomeofurbanresidentsincreasedfromlessthanRMB100yuanin1949to15,781yuanin2008;andtheaveragenetincomeofruralresidentsincreasedfromRMB44yuanin1949to4,761yuanin2008.Greateffortshavebeenmobilizedtobuildupthepublichealthsystemsoastoprovideguaranteeforimprovingthehealthofpeoplenationwide.Bytheendof2009therewere289,000medicalinstitutionsnationwide,5.22millionmedicalworkersand3.96millionhospitalbedsintotal.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasvigorouslyacceleratedthebuildingofthesocialsecu-ritysystemtocoverruralandurbanresidentsandtoprovidebasiclifeassuranceforeachindividual.In2009,urbanbasicretirementinsur-ancecovered235.5millionpeople;thetotalnumberofurbanemploy-eescoveredbybasicmedicalinsurance,urbanresidentscoveredbybasicmedicalinsuranceandpeopleinthecountrysidecoveredbythenewruralcooperativemedicalinsurancereached1.2billion;unemploymentinsurance,work-relatedinjuryinsuranceandmaternityinsurancecovered127.15million,148.96millionand108.76millionpeople,respectively.Chinaimplementsasubsistenceallowancesys-tem.Bytheendof2009,23.477millionurbanresidentsand47.593millionruralresidentshadenjoyedsubsistenceallowancesfromthegovernment.Chinahasimplementedplannedandorganizedlarge-scalepovertyreliefprogramsthroughoutthecountry.In2009,theruralpopulationlivinginpovertywasreducedto35.97million,withthenationwidepovertyratedroppingto3.6%.二、人力资源开发的法律体系HYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906140.htm"II.LegalSystemforHumanResourcesDevelopment中国坚持依法治国方略，积极推进民主立法、科学立法，为人人享有公正平等的发展权利，为科学开发人力资源提供法制保障。经过多年发展，中国逐步形成以宪法为根本依据，以劳动法、公务员法为基础，以劳动 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 法、就业促进法、劳动争议调解仲裁法为主体，其他单项法律和行政法规为重要组成部分的人力资源开发法律体系。II.LegalSystemforHumanResourcesDevelopmentAdheringtothestrategybasedontheruleoflaw,Chinaactivelypromotesdemocraticandscientificlegislationtoprovidelegalsecurityforthefairandequalrightsofindividualdevelopmentforeveryone,andthescientificdevelopmentofhumanresources.Throughyearsofdevelopment,ChinahasestablishedahumanresourcesdevelopmentlegalsystemwiththeConstitutionastheessentialbasis,theLaborLawandtheCivilServantLawasthefoundation,theLaborContractLaw,theEmploymentPromotionLaw,andtheLawonMediationandArbi-trationofLaborDisputesasthemaincontents,andotherseparatelawsandadministrativeregulationsasmajorcomponents.促进就业的法律制度为实现扩大和稳定就业的发展目标，1994年中国颁布《中华人民共和国劳动法》，明确提出国家通过促进经济和社会发展，创造就业条件，扩大就业机会。2007年颁布《中华人民共和国就业促进法》，确立了国家执行“劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业”的方针，建立促进就业的政府责任体系，实施有利于促进就业的产业、投资、财税政策，统筹城乡、区域和不同社会群体的就业，建立失业预警制度，完善公共就业服务制度、职业培训制度和就业援助制度。这些法律的实施，有效推动了经济发展与促进就业的良性互动。LegalsystemforpromotingemploymentToachievethegoalofexpandingandstabilizingemployment,ChinapromulgatedtheLaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1994,whichexpresslystatesthatthestatestrivestocreatejobop-portunitiesandexpandemploymentthroughpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopment.TheEmploymentPromotionLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaadoptedin2007haslaiddowntheprincipleof"in-dependentjob-seekingbyworkers,employmentbasedonmarketforcesandthepromotionofemploymentbythegovernment,"requir-ingthebuildingofagovernmentresponsibilitysystemforpromotingemployment,theimplementingofindustry,investment,financeandtaxationpoliciesfavorableforboostingemployment,makinganover-allplanforbalancedemploymentbetweenurbanandruralareas,invariousregionsandamongdifferentsocialgroups.AccordingtothisEmploymentPromotionLawthestatewillestablishanunemploymentprecautionsystem,improvethepublicemploymentservice,vocationaltrainingandemploymentaidsystems.Theenforcementoftheselawshasgreatlyfacilitatedtheinteractionbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandemploymentpromotion.国家保障劳动者依法享有平等就业和自主择业的权利。1988年以来，颁布了《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》、《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》、《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》和《女职工劳动保护规定》、《禁止使用童工规定》、《残疾人就业条例》等法律和行政法规。《就业促进法》专门设立了“公平就业”章，规定劳动者就业不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰等不同而受歧视，并特别指出农村劳动者进城就业享有与城镇劳动者平等的劳动权利。ThestateensuresthatworkersinChinaenjoytherightsofequalemploymentandindependentjob-seekinginaccordancewiththelaw.Since1988ChinahaspromulgatedtheLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinafortheProtectionofDisabledPersons,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinafortheProtectionofWomen'sRightsandInterests,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinafortheProtectionofMinors,RegulationsConcerningtheLaborProtectionofFemaleStaffandWorkers,ProvisionsConcerningtheProhibitionoftheUseofChildLabor,RegulationsontheEmploymentoftheDisabled,andotherlawsandadministrativeregulations.TheEmploymentPromotionLawhasaspecialchapteronequalemployment,whichstipulatesthatnoem-ployeesshallbediscriminatedagainstonthegroundsofethnicity,race,genderandreligion,andspeciallyprovidesthatruralemployeeswork-ingincitiesshouldenjoythesamelaborrightsasurbanemployees.国家通过立法促进职业教育和职业培训。1995年以来，颁布了《中华人民共和国教育法》、《中华人民共和国职业教育法》、《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法》等法律，建立了“市场引导培训、培训促进就业”的职业教育与培训机制。依托各级各类职业院校和职业培训机构，完善多形式、多层次的职业培训，形成不同层次教育相衔接、职业教育和普通教育相沟通的职业教育和职业培训制度。Thestatealsopromotesvocationaleducationandtrainingthroughlegislation.Since1995ChinahaspromulgatedtheEducationLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,VocationalEducationLawofthePeo-ple'sRepublicofChina,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonPromotionofPrivately-runSchoolsandsimilarlaws,andhasestab-lishedavocationaleducationandtrainingmechanismontheprincipleof"themarketguidingtraining,andtrainingpromotingemployment."Basedonvocationaleducationinstitutionsandtrainingorganizationsatvariouslevels,Chinahasimprovedmulti-formandmulti-levelvo-cationaleducation,andformedavocationaleducationandtrainingsystemconnectingeducationatvariouslevels,andlinkingvocationaleducationwithgeneraleducation.国家积极 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 专业技术人员的管理。1993年至今，中国颁布了《中华人民共和国教师法》、《中华人民共和国执业医师法》、《中华人民共和国律师法》、《中华人民共和国注册会计师法》、《中华人民共和国注册建筑师条例》等法律法规，对专业技术人员的资质条件、职业资格 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 、接受继续教育权利以及职业道德规范作出明确规定，规范了专业技术人员的职业准入，提高了专业服务质量。Proactiveeffortshavebeenmadebythestatetostandardizethemanagementofprofessionalandtechnicalstaff.Since1993ChinahaspromulgatedtheTeachersLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonMedicalPractitioners,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonLawyers,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonCertifiedPublicAccountants,RegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonCertifiedPublicArchitects,andotherrelatedlawsandregulations.Theselawsandregulationsstipulatethequalifi-cationsandcertificatestandardsofprofessionalandtechnicalstaff,andtheirrighttoreceivecontinuingeducationaswellastheirprofessionalethics,therebystandardizingtheemploymentrequirementsforprofes-sionalandtechnicalstaffandimprovingthequalityofprofessionalservices.公共人力资源管理的法律制度1993年，中国颁布《国家公务员暂行条例》，实行公务员制度。2006年开始施行《中华人民共和国公务员法》，并陆续出台了公务员录用、培训、考核、奖励、职务任免与升降、调任、处分、申诉、辞去公职、辞退、录用考试违纪违规行为处理、新录用公务员任职定级等一系列配套规章。在机关与事业单位工资福利、事业单位人事管理、人才流动管理、人力资源宏观调控等方面，国家制定规范性文件1000多件，涵盖了公共人力资源管理的主要环节。LegalsystemforpublichumanresourcesmanagementIn1993ChinapromulgatedtheInterimRegulationsonCivilSer-vants,whichlaunchedthecivilservicesystem.TheCivilServantsLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawentintoeffectin2006,sincewhenaseriesofrelatedregulationshavebeenissuedconcerningtheemploy-mentandtraining,assessmentandaward,appointmentandremoval,promotion,demotionandtransfer,punishmentandappeal,resignationanddismissalofcivilservants,penaltiesforviolatingcivilserviceen-tranceexaminationrules,andappointmentandrankingofnewrecruits.Over1,000regulationshavebeenissued,coveringthemajorcompo-nentsofpublichumanresourcesmanagement,includingthewagesandwelfareofemployeesingovernmentdepartmentsandpublicinstitu-tions,humanresourcesmanagementinpublicinstitutions,personnelmobilitymanagementandmacro-controlofhumanresources.人力资源权益保护的法律制度20世纪80年代中期，中国开始试行劳动合同制度。到90年代，《中华人民共和国劳动法》正式确立了劳动合同制度。2007年颁布的《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》及此后出台的《中华人民共和国劳动合同法实施条例》，进一步完善了劳动合同制度，明确用人单位和劳动者的权利和义务，对劳动合同的订立、履行、变更、解除或者终止以及相应的法律责任作出了明确规定，同时针对劳动用工形式多样化的发展趋势，对劳务派遣和非全日制用工等行为专门进行了规范。LegalsystemforhumanresourcesrightsprotectionInthemid-1980sChinastartedthetrialimplementationofthela-borcontractsystem,whichwasofficiallyestablishedthroughthepromulgationoftheLaborLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinainthe1990s.TheLaborContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,promulgatedin2007,andthelaterRegulationsontheImplementa-tionoftheLaborContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,havefurtherimprovedthelaborcontractsystem,specifiedtherightsandobligationsofemployersandemployees,therulesforsigning,implementing,revising,cancelingorterminatinglaborcontractsandcorrespondingliabilities,and,takingintoaccountthetrendtowarddiversifiedformsofemployment,madeprovisionsabouthowtoregulatelabordispatchservicesandpart-timeemployment,andotheraspects.中国积极发挥集体协商和集体合同制度的作用。《中华人民共和国劳动法》和《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》相继对集体合同制度作出了规定。鼓励企业积极开展集体协商，签订集体合同。逐步形成以企业集体协商为主体、以区域性和行业性集体协商为补充的集体合同制度框架。近年来，集体合同制度覆盖面不断扩大，实效性逐步增强，初步建立了以工会或职工代表与企业或企业组织平等协商为特征的集体劳动关系调整机制。Collectiveconsultation,togetherwithacollectivecontractsystem,isbeingactivelyimplementedinChina.TheLaborLawofthePeo-ple'sRepublicofChinaandtheLaborContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinabothprescribeacollectivecontractsystem,encour-agingenterprisestoadoptcollectiveconsultationandtosigncollectivecontracts.Theframeworkofthecollectivecontractsystemwithcollec-tiveenterpriseconsultationasthemainbody,andwithregionalandtradecollectiveconsultationasthesupplement,hasbeengraduallyformed.Inrecentyears,thecoverageofthecollectivecontractsystemhasbeencontinuouslyenlargedwithincreasingeffectiveness.Acol-lectivelaborrelationscoordinationsystemcharacterizedbyequalconsultationbetweentradeunionoremployeerepresentativesanden-terpriseorenterpriseorganizationrepresentativeshasbeenbasicallyestablished.为公正、及时解决劳动争议，中国2007年颁布了《中华人民共和国劳动争议调解仲裁法》，明确劳动争议调解和仲裁的范围、程序、组织机构、人员和处理机制。建立由政府部门、工会组织、企业组织共同协调劳动关系的三方机制，强化调解、完善仲裁、加强司法救济，及时妥善处理劳动争议，维护当事人合法权益。颁布实施《劳动保障监察条例》，明确了劳动保障监察的职责、实施、法律责任，为维护劳动者的合法权益提供重要法律保障。Forthefairandtimelysettlementoflabordisputes,theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonMediationandArbitrationofLaborDisputeswasadoptedin2007,stipulatingthescope,procedures,or-ganizations,personnelandmechanismforlabordisputemediationandarbitration.Inaddition,atripartitelaborrelationscoordinationmecha-nismhasbeenestablished,comprisinggovernmentdepartments,tradeunionsandenterprises,soastobettermediateandarbitratelabordisputesandgivebetterlegalredressforthetimelyandappropriatesettlementoflabordisputesandsafeguardingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoftherelevantparties.TheRegulationsonLaborSecuritySupervisionhavebeenissuedandputintoeffect,specifyingthefunc-tions,implementationandlegalliabilitiesoflaborsecuritysupervision,therebyprovidingsignificantlegalsupportforsafeguardingthelegiti-materightsandinterestsofemployees.三、履行政府公共管理服务职责HYPERLINK"http://www.china.org.cn/government/whitepaper/2010-09/10/content_20906126.htm"III.TheGovernmentShouldersHumanResourcesPublicManagementandPublic